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Histology and Cytology Viva Questions

The document provides a series of questions and answers related to histology and cytology, covering topics such as the difference between histology and cytology, essential equipment in histology labs, staining techniques, and tissue processing methods. Key points include the use of 10% neutral buffered formalin as a common fixative, the significance of PAS stain for demonstrating glycogen, and the importance of a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio in indicating malignancy. Additionally, it addresses safety measures and labeling requirements in the laboratory.

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221 views1 page

Histology and Cytology Viva Questions

The document provides a series of questions and answers related to histology and cytology, covering topics such as the difference between histology and cytology, essential equipment in histology labs, staining techniques, and tissue processing methods. Key points include the use of 10% neutral buffered formalin as a common fixative, the significance of PAS stain for demonstrating glycogen, and the importance of a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio in indicating malignancy. Additionally, it addresses safety measures and labeling requirements in the laboratory.

Uploaded by

nhpccollege
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. What is the difference between histology and 15. What stain is used to identify collagen fibers?

cytology? a. Van Gieson's or Masson's trichrome stain.


a. Histology is the study of tissues and their 16. Which stain is used to identify acid-fast
structure, while cytology is the study of bacilli?
individual cells and their characteristics. a. Ziehl-Neelsen stain.
2. Name three essential pieces of equipment 17. What is PAS stain used for?
found in a histology laboratory. a. To demonstrate glycogen, mucin,
a. Microtome, tissue processor, and basement membranes, and fungi.
embedding station. 18. What is the main advantage of frozen section
3. What is the purpose of fixation in histological technique over routine paraffin processing?
sample preparation? a. Speed; results can be obtained within
a. Fixation preserves tissues in a life-like minutes compared to hours for paraffin
state, prevents autolysis, and hardens processing.
tissues for sectioning. 19. What is the difference between exfoliative and
4. What is the most commonly used fixative in aspiration cytology?
histopathology labs? a. Exfoliative cytology examines cells that
a. 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF). have been shed naturally, while aspiration
5. What is a mordant and give an example. cytology examines cells obtained through
a. A mordant is a substance that helps bind needle aspiration.
stains to tissues; iron alum is an example 20. What is the purpose of Papanicolaou stain?
used in hematoxylin staining. a. To evaluate cellular details in cytology
6. Define clearing in tissue processing. specimens, particularly for cervical
a. Clearing is the replacement of smears.
dehydrating fluid with a substance that is 21. Name three cytological features of
miscible with both the dehydrant and malignancy.
embedding medium (usually xylene). a. Nuclear pleomorphism, increased
7. Name two types of microscopes used in a nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, and prominent
histology laboratory. nucleoli.
a. Light microscope and polarizing 22. What does a high N:C ratio indicate in
microscope. cytology?
8. What information should be included when a. A high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio often
logging in specimens? indicates malignancy.
a. Patient details, specimen type, clinical 23. Name two hazardous chemicals commonly
diagnosis, date of receipt, and a unique used in histology labs.
identification number. a. Formaldehyde and xylene.
9. Why is dehydration necessary in tissue 24. What PPE should be worn when handling
processing? formalin?
a. To remove water from tissues because a. Gloves, lab coat, and eye protection.
paraffin wax is not miscible with water. 25. What information must be included on
10. What is the purpose of using graded alcohol chemical labels in the laboratory?
concentrations during dehydration? a. Chemical name, concentration, hazard
a. To prevent tissue distortion by gradually warnings, date of preparation, and expiry
removing water from the tissue. date.
11. What are the two main types of microtomes
used in histology labs?
a. Rotary microtome, ultra microtome and
cryostat microtome.
12. What are the two components of H&E stain?
a. Hematoxylin (stains nuclei blue) and
Eosin (stains cytoplasm and extracellular
matrix pink).
13. What structure does hematoxylin stain and
what color does it impart?
a. Nuclei; blue-purple color.
14. What is a counterstain?
a. A contrasting secondary stain used to
highlight structures not colored by the
primary stain.

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