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Rational Numbers NDA Notes

A rational number is defined as any number that can be expressed as a fraction p/q, where p is an integer and q is a non-zero integer. Key properties include closure under addition, subtraction, and multiplication, along with the existence of identity and inverse elements. The document also distinguishes between rational and irrational numbers, highlighting their significance in the NDA Maths paper.

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7 views3 pages

Rational Numbers NDA Notes

A rational number is defined as any number that can be expressed as a fraction p/q, where p is an integer and q is a non-zero integer. Key properties include closure under addition, subtraction, and multiplication, along with the existence of identity and inverse elements. The document also distinguishes between rational and irrational numbers, highlighting their significance in the NDA Maths paper.

Uploaded by

shivkumar9906384991
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Rational Numbers - Complete NDA Foundation Notes

1. What is a Rational Number?

A rational number is any number that can be written as a fraction p/q,

where:

- p is an integer

- q is a non-zero integer (q != 0)

2. Examples of Rational Numbers:

- 2/3 -> Both numerator and denominator are integers

- -7/5 -> Negative rational number

- 4 = 4/1 -> Every integer is rational

- 0 = 0/1 -> Zero is also rational

- 1.25 = 5/4 -> Terminating decimal

- 0.333... = 1/3 -> Recurring decimal

3. Properties of Rational Numbers:

Closure Property:

- Rational numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication.

Example: 2/3 + 1/4 = 11/12 (rational)

- Not closed under division by 0.

Commutative Property:

- a + b = b + a and a × b = b × a

Associative Property:
- (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

- (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)

Identity Element:

- Additive identity = 0 -> a + 0 = a

- Multiplicative identity = 1 -> a × 1 = a

Inverse:

- Additive Inverse: a + (-a) = 0

- Multiplicative Inverse: a × 1/a = 1 (except 0)

4. Number Line Representation:

Rational numbers can be plotted on the number line.

Examples: 3/4 lies between 0 and 1, -5/2 lies between -2 and -3.

5. Infinite Rational Numbers:

There are infinite rational numbers between any two rational numbers.

Example: Between 1 and 2: 3/2, 4/3, 5/4, etc.

6. Rational vs Irrational:

| Rational Number | Irrational Number |

|------------------------|-------------------------------|

| Can be written as p/q | Cannot be written as p/q |

| Repeating/terminating | Non-repeating, non-terminating|

| Examples: 3/4, -2 | Examples: pi, sqrt2 |


NDA Relevance:

- Important topic for NDA Maths paper.

- Frequently tested through MCQs on properties and classification.

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