INDEX

Continuous Tense 2
Going to 4
Demonstrative Pronouns 5
Say & Tell 7
Relative Clauses 8
Adverbs of Frequency 9
Comparisons 11
Superlatives 13
Equality 15
Modals I 16
Modals II 17
Adjectives to Adverbs 18
Quantifiers 19
Some & Any 20
It Takes 21
Supposed to 22
Reflexive Pronouns 23
Conditionals 24
Present Perfect 25
Present Perfect Continuous 26
Past Perfect 27
Past Perfect Continuous 28
Causatives 29

Answers 30
 Continuous tense
1 - Complete the following sentences using the Present Continuous Tense.
a. The Captain ____________________ (talk) to ATC right now.
b. My F/O __________________ (perform) the fuel calculations for this leg.
c. Azul 3545, Hold Position because Gol’s aircraft ______________ (wait) for an open gate
behind you.
d. _____________________ (John/Study) for his ICAO Test?
e. I can’t assist the Chief Purser right now, I ____________ (help) my Captain with this failure.
f. Hey, let’s look for Zack, he __________________ (fly) today.
g. I’m pretty sure Jessica and Matthew __________________ (working) today.

2 - Choose the correct alternative:

a. Caio ____________ for his written ATPL test.
- is study
- is studying
- are study
- are studying

b. John and Adam _________ together again.

- is flying
- is fly
- are flying
- are fly

c. Shelly _________ her report about the Runway Incursion that happened earlier today.
- is writing
- is flying
- are reading
- are writing

d. Our Pilots __________ about the capabilities of the A380.

- is watching
- is talking
- are watching
- are talking

2
3 - Create sentences using the Continuous Tense and the following words:
a. My friend / fly / A380.
_____________________________________________.
b. Sarah / learn / with / Chief Purser
_____________________________________________.
c. Jonas / watch / our takeoff
_____________________________________________.
d. Michael / brief / our crew
_____________________________________________.
e. The Maintenance Crew / fix / the landing gear.
_____________________________________________.

4 - Take a look at the pictures below and describe them using the Continuous Tense.
Feel free to use your imagination:

____________________________________________
____________________________________________

____________________________________________
____________________________________________

____________________________________________
____________________________________________

____________________________________________
____________________________________________

3
 BE + GOING TO
1 - Complete the following sentences using the Verb to Be + Going to:
a. He _____________ in the A380 soon. (Work)
b. We _____________ the Ethiopian 777 takeoff. (Watch)
c. Brian ____________ 5 legs today, he is crazy. (Fly)
d. I know for a fact that Caio’s students ___________ the ICAO test. (Ace)

2 - Turn the sentences into questions:

a. I am going to fly a Citation in the near future.
_________________________________________________________.

b. Zack is going to study for his FAA written test.

_________________________________________________________.

c. Rodrigo and Charles are going to travel in First Class to Dubai next week.
_________________________________________________________.

d. She Is going to be our best pilot if she continues studying like this.
_________________________________________________________.

3 - Answer the questions in the affirmative and negative form:

a. Is he going to pass his checkride?
_________________________________________________________.

b. Are they going to perform upside down maneuvers today?

_________________________________________________________.

c. Am I going to be dunked in oil for completing my solo flight?

_________________________________________________________.

d. Are you going to pay for our barbecue later tonight?

_________________________________________________________.

4
 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
1 - Choose the correct alternative to fill in the blanks:
a. _______ plane in the back is mine. She keeps me on my toes.
- That
- This
- These
- Those

b. What does this do? Well, ______ button right here is to turn on the Fuel Pumps for the
number 1 engine. I’ll show you.
- That
- This
- These
- Those

c. Why are _____ planes parked over there? Well, if you look behind the terminal, _______ is a
scrapyard.
- This, This
- Those, This
- These, That
- Those, that

d. Wow! This cockpit is all digital. Which buttons control the autopilot? Look here, _______
ones are for the Autopilot.
- These
- Those
- This
- That

5
 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
2 - Take a look at the image:

a. Complete the sentences using the correct pronouns:

_______ planes with American flags are from American Airlines.
_______ is New York City in the background.
_______ plane in the back is operated by UPS.
_______ first airplane is a narrow body.
_______ American Airlines plane in the back is a widebody.

b. Now, create a text to describe the image using the sentences above. Use your
imagination.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6
 SAY & TELL
1 - Choose between Say & Tell to complete the sentences:
a. Can you _______ me the way to Gate 254, please?
b. After the hard landing, the Captain didn’t ________ a word.
c. ANAC123, after the United, cross…. Actually, forget everything I _____, Cross 28R and call
Ground.
d. If you noticed he was failing the simulator, why didn’t you ________ something?
e. Let me ____ you something, I am the authority here!
f. You ____ us you were going to refuel the airplane!

2 - Create sentences using either Say or Tell in the correct tense:

a. My friend / Say or Tell / me that some airlines are hiring
_________________________________________________________
b. John / Say or Tell / he wanted to quit
_________________________________________________________
c. They / Say or Tell / us about the airline future plans
_________________________________________________________
d. Marie / Say or Tell / that she’s struggling with the Boeing type rating
_________________________________________________________.

3 - Create sentences using Say & Tell:

a. My friend…..
_________________________________________________________.
b. They…..
_________________________________________________________.
c. The mechanics…..
_________________________________________________________.
d. Jonathan…..
_________________________________________________________.
e. We…..
_________________________________________________________.

7
 RELATIVE CAUSES
1 - Complete the sentences with the correct Relative Clause:
a. I have a friend ________ has 4 type ratings.
WHO / WHOSE / WHICH / THAT
b. That’s the Flight School ______ I took my classes in.
WHO / WHOSE / WHICH / THAT
c. There are countless companies ________ need new and experienced pilots.
WHO / WHOSE / WHICH / THAT
d. _______ airplane is that?
WHO / WHOSE / WHICH / THAT

2 - Combine the sentences using the correct relative clause. Some of them might
allow for more than one:
ex.: That’s the pilot. She helped me when I started.
That’s the pilot WHO/THAT helped me when I started.

a. What’s the name of that airplane? You saw it yesterday.

_________________________________________________________
b. The man that was hired in first place. He studies 5 hours a day.
_________________________________________________________
c. That’s the control column. It’s broken.
_________________________________________________________
d. That’s John. He had a dual engine failure yesterday.
_________________________________________________________

3 - Read the sentences. Correct those that are wrong:

a. What’s the name of the pilot which you were talking to today?
_________________________________________________________
b. You had no mistakes in your ICAO test, which was awesome!
_________________________________________________________
c. The plane who I flown today was very old and needed urgent maintenance.
_________________________________________________________
d. Adam and Eve were pilots whose companies did not want to lose.
_________________________________________________________
e. I couldn’t find any errors in the simulation data who you sent me yesterday.
_________________________________________________________

8
 ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
1- Complete the sentences with the correct Adverb:

a. The pilots are paying attention to ATC’s instructions. (Always)

_________________________________________________________
b. The Chief Purser flies the plane when she wants to. (Never)
_________________________________________________________
c. The passengers are listening to the Emergency briefing. (Rarely)
_________________________________________________________
d. The owner of the aircraft uses it. It’s a shame. (Hardly Ever)
_________________________________________________________

2 - Choose the option that best fits the sentence. After that, create a text using the
sentences:

a) Pilots are ______ supposed to be sleeping while flying.

Always / Usually / Sometimes / Never

b) Flight Attendants are ________ paying attention during takeoff and landing.
Always / Usually / Sometimes / Never

c) Engine Failures _________ happen, but the pilots are trained to cope with them.
Always / Usually / Sometimes / Never

d) Bad Weather ________ is in the way, but pilots are _________ able to avoid it to help
passengers feel safe.
Always / Usually / Sometimes / Never

3 - Now, create a text using the sentences above. Place them in order from most likely
to less likely. Feel free to also use your imagination:

___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
9
 ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
4 - Use the following Adverbs to create your sentences. Use your imagination:

a. OFTEN
___________________________________________________________________________________________
b. HARDLY EVER
___________________________________________________________________________________________
c. ALWAYS
___________________________________________________________________________________________
d. NEVER
___________________________________________________________________________________________
e. SOMETIMES
___________________________________________________________________________________________
f. USUALLY
___________________________________________________________________________________________

10
 COMPARISONS
1 - Complete the sentences with the correct form of the Superlative:

a. The 737 is _______ than the 787. (Small)

b. Flight Training aircraft, like the 152, fly _______ and _______ than commercial planes. (Low / Slow)
c. Dedication is _________________ than talent. (Important)
d. The Concorde flew _______ and ________, but it was _______ to maintain. (High / Fast / Difficult)

2 - Take a look at the pictures below and compare the topics:

a.

Now, compare the 737 and the 747 in SIZE, COMPLEXITY, COSTS and APPEARANCES.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

11
 COMPARISONS
b.

Now, compare the F18 and the Corsair in SIZE, PRICE, TECHNOLOGY and AGE.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

3 - Create a text comparing the first airplane you flew to the one you’re flying now (If
it’s the same airplane, compare it to your dream aircraft).
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

12
 SUPERLATIVES
1 - Complete the following sentences using the Superlative form:
a. A350-1000 - long range
_________________________________________________________
b. Concorde - speed
_________________________________________________________
c. 747 - good cargo aircraft
_________________________________________________________
d. Older planes - bad when it comes to safety
_________________________________________________________

2. Take a look at these photos and describe them using the Superlative form:
a.

________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________

b.

________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________

c.
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________

13
 SUPERLATIVES
3 - Complete the the questions. After that, answer them:
a. What is the _______ commercial plane? (Big)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

b. What’s the _______ commercial plane ever? (Fast)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

c. What’s the ________ airport in the world? (Busy)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

d. What’s the ___________ aircraft today? (Beautiful)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

e. What’s the ______________ quality of a pilot? (Important)

___________________________________________________________________________________________

COMPARISONS OF EQUALITY
1 - Write the comparison of equality for the sentences:
a. An Airbus A320 can seat 150 people. A Boeing 737 can seat 150 people. (Big)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
b. The F35 is brand new. The F15 is 51 years old. (New)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
c. The captain has 2000 hours in this type. The relief captain has 2000 hours in this type.
(Experience)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
d. An Airbus A350 is full of technology. A Boeing 727 is fully analog. (Advanced)
___________________________________________________________________________________________

14
2 - Create negative sentences using the keywords below:
a. Boeing 787 - Boeing 777 - New
_________________________________________________________
b. F-35 - Cessna 172 - Slow
_________________________________________________________
c. Captain - First Officer - Experience
_________________________________________________________
d. American Airlines - TAP - Big
_________________________________________________________

3 - Take a at these pictures, then write sentences about them using the structure you
learned. Use your imagination:

______________________________________________________.
______________________________________________________.
______________________________________________________.
______________________________________________________.
______________________________________________________.

15
 MODALS
1 - Fill in the blanks with either CAN, SHOULD or MUST:
a. Pilots _______ be ready for any situation.
b. The Flight Attendants _______ ask you to change your seat.
c. Wait, can’t you see the manual? Check it again, you _______ be able to access it.
d. Boeing _______ improve its quality or something bad could happen.
e. The Captain _______ cancel the flight if he wants to.
f. You _______ take a picture, after all, it’s your last flight.

2 - Write sentences using the following Modals and the keywords. Use your
imagination:

a. Should - keep studying

_________________________________________________________
b. Must - continue after V1
_________________________________________________________
c. Could - get hurt in a evacuation
_________________________________________________________
d. Can - fly multiple aircraft types
_________________________________________________________

3 - Use your imagination. Create sentences using the Modals below:

a. CAN
_________________________________________________________
b. SHOULD
_________________________________________________________
c. MUST
_________________________________________________________
d. COULD
_________________________________________________________
e. HAD TO
_________________________________________________________

16
 MODALS
4 - Fill in the blanks with either MAY, MIGHT or WOULD:
a. Yes, you ___________ leave the simulator if you’re feeling sick.
b. Hey John, _________ you pass me the QRH, please?
c. Yeah, your schedule is pretty busy, we ________ not be able to fit you in the sessions.
d. Boeing _______ buy Embraer. That’s all we heard a few years ago.
e. The Captain _______ invite you to check the cockpit during the flight.

5 - Use your imagination. Create sentences using the Modals below:

a. MIGHT
_________________________________________________________
b. MAY
_________________________________________________________
c. WOULD
_________________________________________________________

6 - Read the sentences below and correct those that are wrong:
a. Pilots may opt out of their training if they want to, but they won’t get their license.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
b. If you have any problems after V1, you might continue the takeoff.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
c. Sarah must request extra sessions, but that’s her choice.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
d. First Officers must be able to be promoted if the company wasn’t bankrupt.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
e. I have to check with my boss, but I can be able to get you flying with me.
_____________________________________________________________________________________

17
 ADJECTIVES TO ADVERBS
1 - Complete the sentences using the words in the bracket as either an ADJECTIVE or
an ADVERB:

a. Oscar can get that B-52 __________ started. (Quick)

b. The Concorde was a ___________ loud airplane. (Terrible)
c. I can’t lie, Maggy is a _________ pilot. (Good)
d. Charlie is a __________ flight instructor. (Careful)
e. Paul flies the A350 so ____________. (Careful)

2 - Correct the following sentences using Adverbs:

a. The Cessna 152 flies slow.
_________________________________________________________
b. George commands the Air Show happy.
_________________________________________________________
c. Tina is requesting an immediate return after the engine failure.
_________________________________________________________
d. Charles is tugging the jet in a careful manner.
_________________________________________________________

3 - Create sentences using the following Adverbs:

a. Safely
_________________________________________________________
b. Wisely
_________________________________________________________
c. Accidentally
_________________________________________________________
d. Happily
_________________________________________________________
e. Nervously
_________________________________________________________
f. Slowly
_________________________________________________________

18
 QUANTIFIERS
1 - Complete the sentences using with the correct quantifier:
a. Wow, that’s a lot of airplanes, how _______ are there?
b. How _______ fuel do we still have? Those deviations and headwind must’ve hurt us.
c. Buddy, those tires look like they have ________ air inside. Check the pressure!
d. _______ people in the world have more than 5 type ratings, you must feel special.

2 - Analyze the picture and create a text using the keywords and the correct
Quantifier:

Parked airplanes
Large private jets
Smaller ones.
Space between them

In this picture, I can see _________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________.

3 - Use your imagination. Create sentences using the affirmative and negative form
with the quantifiers below:

a. MANY
_________________________________________________________________________________________
b. MUCH
_________________________________________________________________________________________
c. LITTLE
_________________________________________________________________________________________
d. FEW
_________________________________________________________________________________________

19
 SOME AND ANY
1 - Complete the sentences below using SOME or ANY.
a. Alright, we’re gonna need ______ new airplanes to replace those 737-700 we have.
b. I heard you were looking for new airplanes, unfortunately we don’t have ______
available right now.
c. Hey Captain, your travel bag is super light, do you have ______ documents in there?
I have quite a few, but _______ of them are digital now.
d. Can you check if we have ______ A5 bolts in there? I need to tighten this up.
e. Unfortunately, we don’t have _____ Praetor 500’s for delivery, but we do have ______
Gulfstreams available, are you interested?

2 - Create questions for the following answers:

a. Q: _____________________________________________________?
A: No, unfortunately we don’t have any more pilot jobs at the moment.

b. Q: _____________________________________________________?
A: Yes, the airplane sustained some damage after the runway excursion yesterday.

c. Q: _____________________________________________________?
A: Oh, John! I would love some coffee from the galley. thanks for offering.

d. Q: _____________________________________________________?
A: Yes, I would like some extra simulator sessions. My performance hasn’t been great.

3 - Read the sentences below and correct those that are wrong:

a. Man, I got injured last month but I was able to get some hours under my belt.
_________________________________________________________
b. Did Embraer develop some new jet this year?
_________________________________________________________
c. Yeah, I’ve gotten any proposals from airlines in Europe.
_________________________________________________________
d. Hey Lisa, I can see that you’re full of things to do. Do you need any help?
_________________________________________________________
e. I appreciate the offer, but I don’t want some extra training.
_________________________________________________________

20
 IT TAKES
1 - Choose the correct option to complete the sentences below using the correct
form of IT TAKES:
a. _______________ 50 million dollars to develop this plane 2 years ago.

IT TOOK - IT’LL TAKE - IT TAKES

b. ______________ a lot of time to replace the landing gear. I can get this done next week.

IT TOOK - IT DIDN’T TAKE - IT’LL TAKE

c. In my opinion, _________________ a lot of dedication to become a good pilot.

IT TOOK - IT TAKES - IT WILL TAKE

d. Man, I’m sure _________________ a lot of work to design and build a brand new jet.

IT TOOK - IT TAKES - IT WON’T TAKE

2 - Transform these sentences to the negative form:

a. It takes 6 hours to fly from Orlando to Miami.

_________________________________________________________
b. It will take 3 years to develop these new engines.
_________________________________________________________
c. It took a lot of time to get all my licenses.
_________________________________________________________
d. It’ll take dedication to fly a jumbo jet.
_________________________________________________________

3 - Create sentences using the keywords below:

a. 2 hours - get - the airport

_________________________________________________________
b. 90 seconds - evacuate - full airplane
_________________________________________________________
c. Focus - become - captain (past)
_________________________________________________________
d. Time - move up the ranks (future)
_________________________________________________________

21
 SUPPOSED TO
1 - Create sentences explaining what Pilots, Mechanics and Flight Attendants are
supposed to do and what they’re not supposed to do:
a. Pilots
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Mechanics
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Flight Attendants
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

2 - Read the sentences below. Rewrite those that are wrong:

a. Pilots are not supposed to keep watching the instruments after takeoff.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Flight Attendants are supposed to be ready for an evacuation at any time.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Mechanics are not supposed to keep studying the manual to ensure their skills are up to
par.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
d. Chitero’s students are not supposed to ace the ICAO test.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

3 - Create sentences using the keywords below:

a. Emirates 256 - arrive - 10am.

_________________________________________________________
b. If you have a windshear warning - go around.
_________________________________________________________
c. Zack - have his checkride - tomorrow.
_________________________________________________________
d. Diana - ferry - the company’s new A350.
_________________________________________________________
e. Pilots - fly - while intoxicated.
_________________________________________________________
22
 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
1 - Complete the sentences with the correct pronoun:
a. During an autoland, the plane lands _______.

ITSELF / HIMSELF / THEMSELVES / YOURSELVES

b. The captain, after seeing the mistakes from the First Officer, contacted ATC _______.

MYSELF / HIMSELF / THEMSELVES / YOURSELVES

c. The passengers helped ________ to some snacks during the flight.

ITSELF / HIMSELF / THEMSELVES / OURSELVES

d. Patrick and Tom can’t manage this procedure by _________.

ITSELF / HIMSELF / THEMSELVES / YOURSELVES

2 - Read the sentences below. Rewrite those that are wrong:

a. Thomas requested some help, but at the end, landed the plane itself.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Airbus and Boeing have planes that land themselves.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
c. I’m not sure, but I think Maria fixed the plane himself yesterday.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
d. I like to think I could build a plane itself if I had time and money.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

3 - Create sentences using the following pronouns:

a. Himself
_________________________________________________________
b. Itself
_________________________________________________________
c. Themselves
_________________________________________________________
d. Ourselves
_________________________________________________________
e. Myself
_________________________________________________________

23
 CONDITIONALS
1 - Complete the sentences below using Conditionals:

a. If John passes his ICAO test, we _______ celebrate. (Be)

b. If our plane had landed 10 min earlier, I ___________ missed my connection flight. (Have)
c. We won’t be able to fly together if you ________________ studying. (Start)
d. You would have been rested if you _____________ taken your medicine. (Take)

2 - Put the verbs into the gaps to form a conditional sentence:

a. If Oliver __________ (know) the owner, he _____________ (not/talk) behind his back.
b. If I _______ (be) you, I _________________ (not/fly) with him, he doesn’t care about safety.
c. If we ____________ (live) in France, we ____________ (visit) the Airbus factory.
d. If my boss _____________ (have) more money, she ____________ (buy) a brand new jet.
e. If it __________ (snow), we ___________ (takeoff) today.

3 - Read the following sentences and correct those that are wrong:

a. If I arrived earlier, I would not have missed my flight.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

b. If Embraer had won the bid, they will meet the standards.
___________________________________________________________________________________________

c. If Michael had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his ICAO test.
___________________________________________________________________________________________

d. Tower, if you wait a minute, I will get the number of souls onboard.
___________________________________________________________________________________________

e. If Tom had practiced more, he will have passed the simulator checkride.
___________________________________________________________________________________________

24
 PRESENT PERFECT
1 - Complete the following sentences with the correct use of the Present Perfect:

a. Jonathan _____________ his new jet in black. (PAINT)

b. Luke said he ___________ a lot on the Airbus, but he’s going to fly a Boeing now. (FLY)
c. Maria ________ some bad luck recently. First a blown tire, now an engine failure. (HAVE)
d. The crew _____________ the bus home. They were way too tired. (TAKE)

2 - Read the sentences below and correct those that are wrong:

a. Adam and Bruce has not carried the luggage to the cargo compartment yet.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
b. They hasn’t told her about the dismissal.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
c. The captain has booked us a boat to Rio.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
d. We has already downloaded the manual, how about you?
___________________________________________________________________________________________

3 - Answer the following questions in both the affirmative and negative form.

a. Has Charlie worked there for 5 years?

___________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Has Fred spent 10 million dollars on a brand new jet?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Have the crew ever left their stations before it was safe to do so?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
d. Have you flown to Europe as a pilot?
___________________________________________________________________________________________

25
 PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
1 - Complete the following sentences with the correct use of the Present Perfect
Continuous:

a. Laura _____________________________ for her ICAO test for 5 months. (STUDY)

b. I __________________________________ for Delta since January. (FLY)
c. They ______________________________ on the hydraulics for 4 hours already. (WORKING)
d. Marcos ____________________________well on his sessions, what’s up with him?
(PERFORMING - NEGATIVE)

2 - Use the keywords below to form sentences:

a. I - fly - Citation - 3 years

________________________________________________________________________________
b. Southwest - buy - Boeing - 25 years
________________________________________________________________________________
c. Jason - train - on the simulator - since July
________________________________________________________________________________
d. Victoria - not - promote - captains - for 1 year
________________________________________________________________________________

3 - Transform the sentences below to the Present Perfect Continuous:

a. I have flown for Delta Airlines.

__________________________________________________________________________

b. She has worked as a Flight Attendant.

__________________________________________________________________________

c. Marcos and Isa have taken flights for NASA.

__________________________________________________________________________

d. British Airways has not done enough for their pilots

__________________________________________________________________________

26
 PAST PERFECT
1 - Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the Past Perfect:

a. When we ____________ at the airport, the plane _______________ for Italy. (ARRIVE/LEFT)
b. Jonas __________ his boss at the airport before he ________ for vacation. (CALLED/ LEAVE)
c. She ________ a session after the pilots _________ the failure. (WATCH/CHOOSE)
d. I ________ extremely tired because I _________ too much for my ICAO test. (BE/STUDY)

2 - Read the sentences below and correct those that are wrong:
a. Lisa had read the manual, so she was lost during the lessons.
____________________________________________________________________________________________

b. We has not practiced enough, so we fail the checkride.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

c. He had worked in Ryan Air before he went to Qatar Airways.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

d. After they has packed their bags, the crew walked to the terminal
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

3 - Use the Past Perfect to combine the sentences below:

a. The problem was fixed. We landed.
________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. The first officer helped the Flight Attendant. The Captain asked him to help.
________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. The class began. The students had arrived.

________________________________________________________________________________________________

d. The mechanics fixed a problem. I hadn’t reported that problem.

________________________________________________________________________________________________

27
 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
1 - Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the Past Perfect
Continuous:

a. I _____________________ when the pedals started to vibrate. (FLY)

b. Gustavo _______________________ on the engine for 5 hours when they mentioned
another issue. (WORK)
c. They ____________________ the Aurora Borealis when they entered a CB. (SEE)
d. The company ___________________ they would hire new pilots before they went under.
(SAY)

2 - Use the Past Perfect Continuous to combine the sentences below:

a. Mike was flying. Mike heard the fire warning.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Jan was approaching. Jan went around due to a runway incursion.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

c. Lufthansa was hiring. Lufthansa announced new purchases.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

d. I was driving to the airport. I got an email telling me I was hired.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

3 - Read the sentences below. Correct those that are wrong:

a. Julie has been waiting at the Holding Point when she got cleared for takeoff.
___________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Max had been watching the airport’s operation when he heard a loud bang.
___________________________________________________________________________________________

c. Air India had been propose new changes when the financial report dropped.
___________________________________________________________________________________________

d. I had be studying hard when I got the call for the interview.
___________________________________________________________________________________________

28
 CAUSATIVES
1 - Choose the correct Causative Verb to complete the sentence, then rewrite the
sentence in the oposite form: (more than one might be accepted)
a. ATC ____________ me go around due to a runway incursion.
HAVE / GET / MAKE / LET
_________________________________________________________________________________________

b. I’m sorry, my boss doesn’t _______ me discuss salaries.

HAVE / GET / MAKE / LET
_________________________________________________________________________________________

c. The last Cirrus event was awesome, ________ me excited for the next one.
HAD / GOT / MADE / LET
_________________________________________________________________________________________

d. The Captain _______ the Chief Purser solve the problem with the passengers.
HAVE / GET / MAKE / LET
_________________________________________________________________________________________

2 - Create a sentence using the following Causative verbs below:

a. MAKE
___________________________________________________________________________________________

b. HAVE
___________________________________________________________________________________________

c. LET
___________________________________________________________________________________________

d. GET
___________________________________________________________________________________________

3 - Read the sentences below. Correct those that are wrong:

a. Yesterday, I have my plane washed and detailed.

_________________________________________________________________________

b. I finally get my Commercial Pilot’s License.

_________________________________________________________________________

c. My boss let him fly the plane for the first time.
_________________________________________________________________________

d. I make my student stall the airplane as a part of his training.

_________________________________________________________________________
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