Is Artificial Intelligence (AI) Effective in Diagnosing Diseases?

Saeed Alizadeh1, Ghazal Vakilzadeh 2* iD , Fazel Moghadas Hosseinzadeh1

*Corresponding Author: Ghazal Vakilzadeh, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Science and Research Branch, Islamic
Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Email: [email protected], Phone: +989982363808.

Received 2024-06-17; Accepted 2024-09-18; Online Published 2024-12-01

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the realm of disease diagnosis, providing unparalleled accuracy and efficiency. By utilizing
sophisticated algorithms and extensive data sets, AI systems can uncover patterns that are imperceptible to the human eye. These systems
enhance diagnostic precision, minimize human errors, and enable early identification of ailments, which is crucial for favorable treatment
results. AI's capabilities span diverse medical imaging modalities like MRI, CT scans, and X-rays, aiding in the detection of abnormalities
such as tumors or fractures. Furthermore, AI assists pathologists by scrutinizing tissue samples for disease indicators at a cellular level. The
incorporation of AI into diagnostic procedures not only expedites decision-making but also individualizes patient care by predicting
specific disease risks and proposing customized treatment strategies. As AI technology progresses, its potential to revolutionize healthcare
and enhance patient outcomes becomes increasingly apparent. This article succinctly examines the role of artificial intelligence in disease
diagnosis.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Diagnostic, Diseases

Citation: Alizadeh S, Vakilzadeh GH, Moghadas Hosseinzadeh F. Is Artificial Intelligence (AI) Effective in Diagnosing Diseases?. Int J
Travel Med Glob Health, 2024;12(4):229-231. doi: ‎10.30491/IJTMGH.2024.463459.1418

Introduction
Globally, the pace of technological and industrial Gastroenterology, Neurology, Computational Cancer
advancement is hastening due to the extensive adoption of Diagnosis in Histopathology, Medical Imaging, and
next-generation information and communication Verification of AI-driven Technologies4. The prevailing
1
technologies like AI . Ironically, AI is a longstanding belief is that AI technologies will augment and improve
concept that began to be structured in the 1940s, with the human tasks rather than supplant the roles of physicians
actual term "artificial intelligence" being introduced by and healthcare professionals. AI stands prepared to assist
John McCarthy in 1956 2. Artificial intelligence (AI) has healthcare personnel in a range of responsibilities,
been widely employed across various medical sectors to encompassing administrative processes, clinical record-
advance the progress of therapeutic development 3. Deep keeping, patient communication, as well as offering
learning algorithms have the capability to manage specialized aid in areas like image interpretation, medical
growing volumes of data sourced from wearables, equipment automation, and patient surveillance6.
smartphones, and various mobile monitoring sensors Therefore, there arose a necessity for an automated
across diverse medical domains 4. Researchers have diagnostic system that combines human expertise with the
employed a range of AI-driven methods, including precision of machine capabilities 7.
machine learning and deep learning models, to identify
diseases such as skin conditions, liver ailments, heart AI applications to analyze medical data
diseases, Alzheimer's, and others that require early Machine learning, a facet of AI, involves setting up
diagnosis 5. Present uses of Artificial Intelligence in the systems to autonomously learn and improve from their
field of medicine include applications in Cardiology, training data without the need for explicit programming8.
Pulmonary Medicine, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Machine learning algorithms hold promise for extensive
integration across various medical domains, spanning AI and Cancer
from drug exploration to clinical judgment, fundamentally The field of oncology has been leading the way in
transforming the practice of medicine. The recent leveraging artificial intelligence for comprehensive cancer
accomplishments of machine learning algorithms in care. This encompasses early detection, customized
computer vision tasks align well with the growing treatment through analyzing patients' genetic data, and
digitalization of medical records 9 . Consequently, it is forecasting future prognoses 15. Artificial intelligence
feasible to detect critical medical crises like relapses or algorithms, capable of analyzing extensive multi-modal
shifts to alternate disease conditions, such as forecasting data to detect subtle signals that may be challenging to
the advancement from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes identify, could play a part in enhancing this procedure in
utilizing regularly gathered electronic health information. the upcoming years. Additionally, AI holds the potential
An instance includes employing machine learning to streamline cancer diagnosis by prompting further
classification techniques and contrasting them with examination or referral for individuals undergoing
various statistical assessments10. screening based on clinical criteria, as well as automating
clinical processes in situations where resources are
AI and heart constrained16. Innovative developments in the field of
One of the initial uses of AI in the field of cardiovascular clinical oncology have incorporated novel molecular
medicine was in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. approaches based on artificial intelligence (AI). Next-
Various cardiovascular medications like clopidogrel, generation sequencing represents the optimal platform for
warfarin, and statins, especially simvastatin, are being producing extensive datasets efficiently17.
investigated as potential treatment options. Additionally,
AI systems based on deep learning hold promise for AI and Medical imaging analysis
revolutionary roles in drug exploration, tailored drug The evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnostic
treatments, and precision medicine 11. When integrated medical imaging is currently undergoing thorough
into electronic medical records, AI has been utilized to scrutiny. AI has exhibited remarkable precision and
forecast the likelihood of cardiovascular ailments such as sensitivity in detecting imaging irregularities and holds
acute coronary syndrome and heart failure more the potential to improve the detection and characterization
effectively than conventional risk assessment tools 4. AI of tissue-based anomalies18. In the global battle against
technologies offer novel opportunities to improve the COVID-19 in 2018, medical imaging methods like X-ray
precision of image analysis in clinical echocardiography, and computed tomography (CT) played a crucial role,
particularly among healthcare professionals who are not while the newfound advancements in artificial
specialists in the field. Machine learning algorithms, intelligence (AI) technology have bolstered the
which are taught to identify various characteristics within capabilities of imaging tools, aiding healthcare
an image, can detect specific disease patterns by professionals. The emergence of artificial intelligence
considering individual pixels and their interconnections 12. (AI) in the realm of medical imaging has actively
supported efforts against the COVID-19 pandemic19, 20.
AI and Alzhemier
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological Conclusion
condition that gradually impairs cognitive abilities, In summary, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has demonstrated
eventually leading to dementia. Diagnosis of AD relies on impressive efficiency in the realm of medical diagnostics.
identifiable cognitive deficiencies, often characterized by By utilizing sophisticated algorithms and machine
significant memory loss. Advanced artificial intelligence learning, AI has improved the precision and effectiveness
techniques have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in of diagnosing intricate conditions like Alzheimer's,
AD studies, offering accurate, efficient, and convenient cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Additionally, its
tools for evaluating AD diagnoses and monitoring Mild utilization in medical imaging has transformed how
Cognitive Impairment (MCI) progression across various healthcare providers analyze scans, resulting in timelier
contexts. This is made possible by AI's capacity to and more accurate identification of diverse ailments. The
analyze extensive datasets encompassing clinical, proof outlined in this paper highlights the transformative
biological, environmental, and lifestyle information 13, 14. capacity of AI in the healthcare sector, suggesting a future
where technology and medicine merge to significantly
enhance patient results.

|
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AI into clinical workflows to increase diagnostic accuracy medical data analysis illustrated with an example of
and support healthcare professionals in informed decision- association rules. Procedia Computer Science, 2021. 192: p.
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effective healthcare system. 11. Mathur, P., et al., Artificial intelligence, machine learning,
and cardiovascular disease. Clinical Medicine Insights:
Authors' Contributions Cardiology, 2020. 14: p. 1179546820927404. doi:
All authors contributed equally to the conception, design, 10.1177/1179546820927404.
and writing of the manuscript. No specific contributions 12. Romiti, S., et al., Artificial intelligence (AI) and
were made by individual authors. cardiovascular diseases: an unexpected alliance. Cardiology
Acknowledgements Research and Practice, 2020. 2020(1): p. 4972346. doi:
10.1155/2020/4972346.
This section is not applicable as there are no individuals or
organizations to acknowledge. 13. Fabrizio, C., et al., Artificial intelligence for Alzheimer’s
disease: promise or challenge? Diagnostics, 2021. 11(8): p.
Conflicts of Interest Disclosures 1473. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11081473.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest 14. Frizzell, T.O., et al., Artificial intelligence in brain MRI
related to this manuscript. analysis of Alzheimer’s disease over the past 12 years: A
Consent For Publication systematic review. Ageing Research Reviews, 2022. 77: p.
Consent for publication is not applicable as there are no 101614. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101614.
identifiable individuals involved in the study. 15. Dlamini, Z., et al., Artificial intelligence (AI) and big data in
cancer and precision oncology. Computational and structural
Ethics approval biotechnology journal, 2020. 18: p. 2300-2311. doi:
Ethics approval is not applicable as the research did not 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.08.019.
involve human or animal subjects. 16. Hunter, B., S. Hindocha, and R.W. Lee, The role of artificial
Funding/Support intelligence in early cancer diagnosis. Cancers, 2022. 14(6):
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received for this study. 17. Iqbal, M.J., et al., Clinical applications of artificial
intelligence and machine learning in cancer diagnosis:
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