Introduction to Pharmacy
Pharmacy
⚫ The word pharmacy is derived from the Greek word
“Pharmakon”, meaning medicine or drug.
⚫ Pharmacy is the clinical health science that links
medical science with chemistry and it is charged
with the discovery, production, disposal, safe and
effective use, and control of medications and drugs.
⚫ “The art and science of preparing and dispensing
drug”
Drug & Medicine
Drug is a chemical substance, typically of known structure, which, when
administered toa living organism, produces a biological effect.
A pharmaceutical drug, also called a medication or medicine, is a
chemical substanceused to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose a disease or
to promote well-being.
Or
Medicine is the science and practice of establishing the diagnosis,
prognosis, treatment,and prevention of disease. Medicine encompasses a
variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by
the prevention and treatment of illness.
Scope of Pharmacy
Pharmaceutics
⚫ Pharmaceutics is the discipline of pharmacy thatdeals with
the process of turning a new chemical entity (NCE) or old
drugs into a medication to beused safely and effectively by
patients.
⚫ It is also called the science of dosage form design.
⚫ Pharmaceutics is the branch of pharmacy which deals with
the formulation, manufacturing, evaluation, packaging of
pharmaceutical dosage forms.
⚫ Pharmaceutics deals with the formulation of a puredrug
substance into a dosage form.
A pharmacopoeia, pharmacopoeia, or
pharmacopoeia, in its modern technical sense,
is a book containing directions for the
identification of compound medicines, and
published by the authority of a government or
a medical or pharmaceutical society.
Descriptions of preparations are called
monographs
EXTRACTION METHODS
DECOCTION is a method of extraction by boiling herbal or plant material
to dissolve the chemicals of the material, which may include stems, roots,
bark and rhizomes.
MACERATION is the process by which organized tissue is transformed into a
suspensionof intact cells, resulting in pulpy products used as base material for
pulpy juices and nectar's, as baby foods, and as ingredients for dairy products
such as pudding.
DECANTATION is a process to separate mixtures by removing a liquid
layer that is free ofa precipitate, or the solids deposited from a solution. The
purpose may be to obtain a decant (liquid free from particulates) or to
recover the precipitate.
PREPARATIONS
LINIMENT
Liniment, or embrocation, is a medicated topical
preparation for application to the skin. Sometimes
called a heat rub, liniments may be water-like in
viscosity or formulated as a lotion or balm and are
usually rubbed in to allow for penetration of the active
ingredients. Patches, sticks, and sprays are also
available.
Lotion
A lotion is a low-viscosity topical preparation intended
for application to the skin.While a lotion may be used
as a medicine delivery system, many lotions, especially
hand lotions and body lotions and lotion for allergies
are meant instead to simply smooth, moisturize, soften
and perhaps perfume the skin.
Suppositories
Suppositories are solid medications that enter the body through
the rectum, vagina, orurethra. Rectal suppositories are the
most common type of suppository. Doctors recommend the
different forms of suppositories for different medical
conditions and purposes.
ELECTUARY
An electuary is a medicine consisting of a powder or other ingredient
mixed withsomething sweet such as honey to make it more palatable.
CONFECTIONERY
Confectionery is the art of making confections, which are food items that are rich in sugar
and carbohydrates. Exact definitions are difficult. In general, though, confectionery is
divided into two broad and somewhat overlapping categories, bakers' confections and sugar
confections.
THERIAC
A mixture of many drugs and honey formerly held to be an antidote to poison (or) a remedy for all ills.
COLLYRIUM/EYE-SALVE
In eye care, collyrium is an antique term for a lotion or liquid wash used as a cleanser for the eyes,
particularly in diseases of the eye. The word collyrium comes from the Greek, eye-salve.
CLYSTER/ENEMA
An enema, also known as a clyster, is an injection of fluid into the lower bowel by way of the rectum.
Also, the word enema can refer to the liquid so injected, as well as to a device for administering such an
injection..
INHALATION:
The inhaling of medicines or anaesthetics in the form of a gas or vapour.
Or
A preparation to be inhaled in the form of a vapour or spray.
