Mathematics

Lecture - 01

By – Ashish Agarwal Sir

(IIT Kanpur)
QUESTION

p + sin x q + sin x p − r + sin x

If p, q, r, s are in A.P. and f x = q + sin x r + sin x −1 + sin x such that
r + sin x s + sin x s − q + sin x
2
‫׬‬0 f(x) dx = −4, then the common difference of the A.P. can be :

A –1

B 1/2

C 1

D 2
QUESTION

1 1 + sin x 1 + sin x + cos x

π
Let F x = 2 3 + 2 sin x 4 + 3 sin x + 2 cos x then F ′ is equal to
2
3 6 + 3 sin x 10 + 6 sin x + 3 cos x

A –1

B 0

C 1

D 2
QUESTION [IIT-JEE 1985]

xC xC xC xC x+1 C x+2 C
r r+1 r+2 r r+1 r+2
yC yC yC y y+1 C y+2 C
Show that Δ = r r+1 r+2 = r+1 r+2
zC zC zC z z+1 z+2
r r+1 r+2 Cr Cr+1 Cr+2
QUESTION

Write all possible order if given matrix has:

(i) 24 elements (ii) 36 elements (iii) 143 elements
QUESTION

i–2j
Construct a matrix of order 3 × 2 such that aij = .
2
QUESTION

Construct a matrix A = aij where 1 ≤ i ≤ 3,1 ≤ j ≤ 4 and

aij = i2 − 2j, i > j
= 5 + i, i = j
2i−j
= , i<j
2
QUESTION [BITSAT 2009]

If A = aij , where aij = i + j, then A is equal to

2×2

1 1
A
2 2
1 2
B
1 2
1 2
C
3 4
2 3
D
3 4
QUESTION

A is a square matrix of order n.

l = maximum number of distinct entries if A is a triangular matrix.
m = maximum number of distinct entries if A is a diagonal matrix.
p = minimum number of zeroes if A is a triangular matrix
If l + 5 = p + 2m, find the order of the matrix.
QUESTION

0 5 −7
Matrix −5 0 11 is a
7 −11 0

A Diagonal matrix

B Upper triangular matrix

C Skew-symmetric matrix

D Symmetric matrix
QUESTION

In the following, upper triangular matrix is

1 0 0
A 0 2 0
3 0 3
5 4 2
B 0 0 3
0 0 1
0 2 3
C 0 0 4
2 1
D 0 3
0 0
QUESTION [WB JEE 2008]

−x x 2
The values of x for which the given matrix 2 x −x will be non-singular are
x −2 −x

A −2 ≤ x ≤ 2

B for all x other than 2 and –2

C x≥2

D x ≤ −2

Ans. B
QUESTION [COMEDK 2022]

2−k 2
If A = is a singular matrix, then the value of 5k − k 2 is
1 3−k

A 0

B 6

C –6

D 4

Ans. D
QUESTION [MHT CET 2023 (13 May)]

1 2 3
If A = −1 1 2 and Aij is a cofactor of aij then the value of a21 A21 + a22 A22 + a23 A23
1 2 4
is

A 0

B –2

C 4

D 3

Ans. D
QUESTION [WB JEE 2023]

r r−1
If the matrix Mr is given by Mr = for r = 1, 2, 3, … then
r−1 r
det M1 + det M2 + ⋯ + det M2008 =

A 2007

B 2008

C (2008)2

D (2007)2

Ans. C
QUESTION [MHT CET 2021 (20 Sep)]

1 −1 2
The co-factors of the elements of second column of 3 2 1 are
−1 3 4

A –13, 6, 5

B 13, 5, 6

C 13, –6, –5

D –13, –6, 5

Ans. A
QUESTION

x 3x − y 3 2
If = , then
zx + z 3y − w 4 7

A x = 3, y = 7, z = 1, w = 14

B x = 3, y = –5, z = –1, w = –4

C x = 3, y = 6, z = 2, w = 7

D None of these
QUESTION [Kerala CEE 2010]

x−y−z 0
If −y + z = 5 , then the values of x, y and z are respectively
z 3

A 5, 2, 2

B 1, –2, 3

C 0, –3, 3

D 11, 8, 3

E 4, 1, 3
QUESTION [IIT-JEE 1995]

If A and B are square matrices of equal degree, then which one is correct among the
following?

A A+B=B+A

B A+B=A–B

C A–B=B–A

D AB = BA
 Home Challenge - 03

If area of triangle whose vertices are α2 , α , β2 , β and γ2 , γ is 3, then the absolute

4α2 (α + β)2 (α + γ)2
value of (α + β)2 4β2 (β + γ)2
(α + γ)2 (β + γ)2 4γ2
Basic Practice Problems (BPP)

1. Construct a 3 × 4 matrix A = aij whose elements aij are given by:

(i) aij = i + j (ii) aij = i − j (iii) aij = 2i
1
(iv) aij = j (v) aij = −3i + j
2

2. Construct a 4 × 3 matrix A = aij whose elements aij are given by:

i i−j
(i) aij = 2i + (ii) aij = (iii) aij = i
j i+j

3. For what values of x and y are the following matrices equal?

2x + 1 2y x + 3 y 2+2
A= 2 ,B =
0 y − 5y 0 −6

x + 10 y 2 + 2y 3x + 4 3
4. Find the values of x and y if = 2 − 5y .
0 −4 0 y
Basic Practice Problems (BPP)

a + 4 3b 2a + 2 b 2+2
5. Find the values of a and b if A = B, where A = ,B = 2 .
8 −6 8 b − 10
BPP Answers

2 3 4 5 0 −1 −2 −3 2 2 2 2
1. (i) 3 4 5 6 (ii) 1 0 −1 −2 (iii) 4 4 4 4
4 5 6 7 2 1 0 −1 6 6 6 6
1 2 3 4 1 1/2 0 1/2
(iv) 1 2 3 4 (v) 5/2 2 3/2 1
1 2 3 4 4 7/2 3 5/2

3 5/2 7/3 0 −1/3 −1/2 1 1 1

6 5 14/3 1/3 0 −1/5 2 2 2
2. (i) (ii) (iii)
9 15/2 7 1/2 1/5 0 3 3 3
12 10 28/3 3/5 1/3 1/7 4 4 4

3. A and B cannot be equal for any value of y.

4. x = 3, y = 1 5. a = 2, b = 2
 Mathematics

Lecture - 02

By – Ashish Agarwal Sir

(IIT Kanpur)
1. If number of rows = number of columns then matrix is sad to be _____________

2. If in a square matrix aij = 0  i > j then it is said to be ______________________ where as if

aij = 0  i < j then it is said to be ___________________ & if aij = 0  i  j then it is said to
be ______________________ .

3. Determinant of a triangular matrix or diagonal matrix is product of it's

____________________
4. In represents an ____________________ matrix & is determinant value = ___________

5. Maximum number of distinct entries in a triangular matrix of order 'n' is

____________________

6. In a scalar matrix all non diagonal entries are __________________ while all diagonal
entries are _________________
7. If A = O3×3 then det (A) = ________________________

8. If A = diag(1 2 3) then det (A) = ________________________

9. Trace of a square matrix is sum of its ________________ entries i.e. ________________

10. If a square matrix is singular then its determinant value is __________________ whereas
if it is non singular then its determinant value is ____________________
11. Let A = [aij]4×4 & B = [3aij]4×4 then det B = ____________ det A.

3 i>j
12. If A is square matrix s.t. aij = ቎2 i = j then A = ____________ & det(A) = ____________
0 i<j
 Home Challenge - 03

If area of triangle whose vertices are α2 , α , β2 , β and γ2 , γ is 3, then the absolute

4α2 (α + β)2 (α + γ)2
value of (α + β)2 4β2 (β + γ)2
(α + γ)2 (β + γ)2 4γ2
QUESTION

If A is any skew-symmetric matrix of odd orders, then |A| equals

A –1

B 0

C 1

D None of these
QUESTION

If A = aij is scalar matrix of order n × n such that aii = k for all i, then |A| equals

A nk

B n+k

C nk

D kn
QUESTION

5 2 2 3
If A = and B = , then 2A − 3B equals
1 0 5 −1

A 77

B –53

C 53

D –77
QUESTION [IIT-JEE 2012]

Let P = [aij] be a 3 × 3 matrix and let Q = [bij], where bij = 2i + j aij for 1  i, j  3. If the
determinant of P is 2, then the determinant of the matrix Q is:

A 210

B 211

C 212

D 213
QUESTION

6 –60 3 2 5
Find the matrices X and Y if 2X – Y = and X + 2Y = .
–4 2 1 –2 1 –7
QUESTION [IIT-JEE 2021]

1 2 0 2 –1 5
Let A + 2B = 6 – 3 3 and 2A − B = 2 – 1 6 . If Tr(A) denotes the sum of all diagonal
–5 3 1 0 1 2
elements of the matrix A, then Tr(A)– Tr(B) has value equal to:

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 0
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (29 Jan)]

1 0 0
Let A = 0 α β and |2A|3 = 221 where α, β ∈ Z. Then a value of α is
0 β α

A 9

B 17

C 3

D 5

Ans. D
QUESTION

2 1
1 0 1
Let A = 3 2 , B = & AB = C, where C = [Cij]3 × 3 then find
−1 2 1
−1 1
(a) C22
(b) C31
(c) Row 3 of matrix C
(d) Column 1 of matrix C
QUESTION

−1 5
−1 0 2
If A = and B = 2 7 , then
3 1 2
3 10

A AB and BA both exist

B AB exists but not BA

C BA exists but not AB

D Both AB and BA do not exist

QUESTION

0 1 1 x
The root of the equation x 1 2 1 0 1 −1 = 0 is
1 1 0 1

A 1/3

B –1/3

C 0

D 1
QUESTION

1 0 2 x
If x −5 −1 0 2 1 4 = O, then x equals
2 0 3 1

A ±2 3

B ±4 3

C ±3 2

D ±4 2
QUESTION

2 3 4 1 −3 5
Let A = 3 4 5 , B = 0 2 4 & AB = C, where C = [Cij]3 × 3 then find
4 5 6 3 0 5
(a) C21
(b) C32
(c) Row 1 of matrix C
(d) Column 2 of matrix C
QUESTION

Find the value of x and y that satisfy the equations.

3 −2 y y 3 3
3 0 x x = 3y 3y
2 4 10 10
QUESTION

1 2 x 1 −2 y
If A = 0 1 0 and B = 0 1 0 and AB = I3 , then x + y equals
0 0 1 0 0 1

A 0

B –1

C 2

D none of these
QUESTION

Consider three matrices A = aij , B = bij and C = cij such that

2×p 3×n m×2
i+j i−j
aij = and bij = , then
2 2

A if AB = C, then value of m + n + p is equal to 7.

B if BA = C, then value of m − n + p is equal to 3.

1
C if AB = C, then c12 equals .
4

D if BA = C, then c32 equals 1.

Ans. A, B
 Home Challenge - 04

If a, b and c are the roots of the cubic x 3 − 3x 2 + 2 = 0 then find the value of the
b+c 2 a2 a2
determinant b2 c+a 2 b2 .
c2 c2 a+b 2
QUESTION BPP 1

1 5 −2 5
If A − 2B = and 2A − 3B = , then matrix B is equal to
3 7 0 7

−4 −5
A
−6 −7

0 6
B
−3 7

2 −1
C
3 2

6 −1
D
0 1

Ans. A
QUESTION BPP 2

3 4 −7 8
Let A = and B = . If A + 2X = B, then X equals
1 −6 9 2

2 3
A
−1 0

3 5
B
−1 0

5 2
C
−1 0

−5 2
D 4 4

Ans. D
QUESTION BPP 3

x−1 0 2 5
3 x2 − 2 4 1
If the trace of the matrix A = is 0, then x is equal to
−1 −2 x−3 1
2 0 4 x2 − 6
A –2

B 2

C –3

D 3

Ans. B, C
QUESTION BPP 4

3−x 2 2
Number of real values of x for which the matrix A = 2 4−x 1 is singular, is
−2 −4 −1 − x

A 1

B 2

C 3

D Infinite
QUESTION BPP 5

1 0 0 1 −2 2
Let A = −2 1 3 and B = 2 3 1 then find 2A + 3B – 5I.
0 −1 2 0 1 0
QUESTION [MHT CET 2021 (20 Sep)] (KTK 1)
3 2 4
If A = 1 2 1 and Aij are cofactors of the elements aij of A, then
3 2 6
a11 A11 + a12 A12 + a13 A13 is equal to

A 8

B 6

C 4

D 0

Ans. A
QUESTION [COMEDK 2024] (KTK 2)
0 x 16
If A = x 5 7 is a singular matrix then x is equal to
0 9 x

A –12

B 21

C –144

D 144

Ans. A
QUESTION [COMEDK 2023] (KTK 3)
2 −1 4 5 0 3
If 2A + 3B = and A + 2B = then B =
3 2 5 1 6 2

−8 −1 −2
A
1 −10 1

8 1 −2
B
−1 10 −1

8 1 2
C
−1 10 −1

8 −1 2
D
−1 10 −1

Ans. C
QUESTION [COMEDK 2023] (KTK 4)
2+x 3 4
If 1 −1 2 is a singular matrix, then x is
x 1 −5

5
A
13
25
B −
13
13
C
25
25
D
13

Ans. B
 Mathematics

Lecture - 03

By – Ashish Agarwal Sir

(IIT Kanpur)
1. A2 × 3  B3 × 4 = Cx × y then x = ________________, y = _____________________

2. Am × n  Bn × p = C then
a. Cij = _______________________ = ________________________
b. ith row of C = _______________________
c. jth column of C = _______________________

3. If A is a square matrix of order n then det (KA) = ___________________ also if

det (A)  0 then A is called ____________________ and if det A = 0 then A is called
__________________
4. Addition of matrices is _____________________ i.e. A + B = ________________________

3 2 4
5. If A = then 3A = ____________________________
1 −2 3

2 4 6 1 2 3 1 2 3
6. If A = 8 6 12 then A = λ 4 3 6 & det A = μ 4 3 6 then
10 12 14 5 6 7 5 6 7

 = ____________________,  = ________________
7. Let A = [aij]4×4 & B = [3aij]4×4 then det B = ____________ det A.

3 i>j
8. If A is square matrix s.t. aij = ቎2 i = j then A = ____________ & det(A) = ____________
0 i<j

9. Tr(A + B) = __________________________________

10. Tr(KA) = __________________________________

QUESTION [AIEEE 2006]

1 2 a 0
Let A = and B = , a, b ∈ N. Then
3 4 0 b

A there cannot exists any B such that AB = BA.

B there exists more than one but finite number of B's such that AB = BA.

C there exists exactly one B such that AB = BA.

D there exists infinitely marry B's such that AB = BA.

QUESTION

2 1 3 4 3 −4
Let three matrices A = ;B = and C = then
4 1 2 3 −2 3
ABC A(BC)2 A(BC)3
t r (A) + t r + tr + tr + ⋯+ ∞ =
2 4 8

A 6

B 9

C 12

D none
QUESTION

3
1 4 −3 r ⋅ 3r 2r
Let A = 2 ,B = and Cr = be given matrices.
1 2 −2 2 0 (r − 1)3r
50
If ෌r=1 t r ⋅ (AB)r . Cr = 3 + a ⋅ 3b where tr.(Λ) denotes trace of matrix Λ, then find the
(a+b)
value of . [Where a and b are relatively prime.]
25

Ans. 4
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2025 (23 Jan)]

0 0 4 0 2 1
Let A = aij be a 3 × 3 matrix such that A 1 = 0 , A 1 = 1 and A 1 = 0 , then
0 1 3 0 2 0
a23 equals:

A 2

B –1

C 1

D 0

Ans. B
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2025 (8 April)]

Let a be a solution of x 2 + x + 1 = 0, and for some a and b in R

1 16 13 4 m n
4 a b −1 −1 2 = 0 0 0 . If 4 + a + b = 3, then m + n is equal to
α α α
−2 −14 −8

A 11

B 3

C 8

D 7

Ans. A
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2025 (29 Jan)]

Let A = aij be a matrix of order 3 × 3, with aij = ( 2)i+j . If the sum of all the elements
in the third row of A2 is α + β 2, α, β ∈ 𝐙, then α + β is equal to:

A 210

B 280

C 224

D 168

Ans. C
QUESTION

1 −1 1 1
A is a 2 × 2 matrix such that A = and A2 = . The sum of the element
−1 2 −1 0
of A, is

A –1

B 0

C 2

D 5
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (April)]

2 −1
If A = , and trace of A13 = 3m , then find m.
1 1

Ans. 7
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (30 June)]

Let A and B be two square matrices of order 2. If det (A) = 2, det (B) = 3 and
det ((det (5 (det A) B)A2) = 2a 3b 5c for some a, b, c, ∈ N, then a + b + c is equal to:

A 10

B 12

C 13

D 14

Ans. B
 Home Challenge - 05

The set of natural numbers is divided into arrays of rows and columns in the form of
6 7 8
2 3
matrices as A1 = (1), A2 = , A3 = 9 10 11 ........ and so on. Find the value
4 5
12 13 14
of Tr A10 . [Note : Tr (A) denotes trace of A]
Basic Practice Problems (BPP)

2 0 7 −x 14x 7x
1. Find the value of x for which the matrix product 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 −2 1 x −4x −2x
equal to an identity matrix.

2. If w is a complex cube root of unity, show that

1 w w2 w w2 1 1 0
w w2 1 + w2 1 w w = 0
w2 1 w w w2 1 w2 0

2 0 1
3. If A = 2 1 3 , find A2 − 5A + 4I and hence find a matrix X such that
1 −1 0
A2 − 5A + 4I + X = 0. [CBSE 2015]
Basic Practice Problems (BPP)

2 3
4. Show that the matrix A = satisfies the equation A3 − 4A2 + A = 0.
1 2
[CBSE 2005]
3 −5
5. If A = , find A2 − 5A − 14I. [CBSE 2004]
−4 2
BPP Answers

1. x = 1/5

−1 −1 −3 1 1 3
3. A2 − 5A + 4I = −1 −3 −10 & x = 1 1 10
−5 4 2 5 −4 −2

0 0
5.
0 0
QUESTION (KTK 1)

Let A = aij , B = bij are two 3 × 3 matrices such that bij = λi+j−2 aij & |B| = 81. Find
|A| if λ = 3.

A 1/9

B 3

C 1/81

D 1/27

Ans. C
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2021 (17 March)] (KTK 2)

If x, y, z are in arithmetic progression with common difference d, x ≠ 3d, and the

3 4 2 x
determinant of the matrix 4 5 2 y is zero, then the value of k 2 is :

5 k z
A 72

B 12

C 36

D 6

Ans. A
QUESTION [MP PET 1988] (KTK 3)
−5 4 0
If A = 1 2 3 and B = 0 2 −1 , then AB =
1 −3 2
−5 4 0
A 0 4 −2
3 −9 6
3
B 1
1

C −2 −1 4

−5 8 0
D 0 4 −3
1 −6 6 Ans. C
QUESTION [MP PET 1988] (KTK 4)
cos θ sin θ sin θ − cos θ
cos θ + sin θ =
− sin θ cos θ cos θ sin θ

0 0
A
0 0
1 0
B
0 0
0 1
C
1 0
1 0
D
0 1

Ans. D
QUESTION (KTK 5)

α β 0
Let A = β α 0 and 2A3 = 212 where α, β ∈ I, then possible values of tr(A) are
0 0 α−β

A 2

B –2

C 6

D –4

Ans. B, C
 Mathematics

Lecture - 04

By – Ashish Agarwal Sir

(IIT Kanpur)
 1 0 1
1. 1 −1 2 1 2 1 =
1 3 1
1 −1 0 1
2. 2 −1 1 0 =
3 −2 1 1

3. Only matrices of same order can be added. (T/F)

4. Square or higher powers of matrix A is defined only if A is a ________________

5. Matrix multiplication can only be done row by column. (T/F)

6. If for two matrices A & B we have AB = 0 then either A or B is a null matrix. (T/F)
 1 2 −1 −1 0 0
7. +2 +X= then X = ___________
3 4 2 −2 0 0

1 0 −1 5 2
8. 1 −1 0 ⋅ 2 2 = ___________
−1 0 1 1 1

9. If A is a square matrix of order 4 × 4 with determinant value 3, the value of

det(2A3) = ___________

10. Order of the matrix product A2×3 ⋅ B3×5 ⋅ C5×2 is ___________

11. If for a square matrix A, det(A) = 0 then A is a null matrix. (T/F)

12. Every matrix has a value. (T/F)

13. Every square matrix has a value. (T/F)

14. A(BC) = (AB)C provided products are defined. (T/F)

15. Matrix multiplication is commutative i.e. AB = BA. (T/F)

16. If A is a square matrix then Am ⋅ An = _________________ & Am n

= _______________

17. If A & B commute then _________________ & if they anti-commute then _______________
 1
18. 2 ⋅ 1 −1 3 = _________________
3

19. If A + X = 0 ⇒ X = _______________
1 2 3 2 0 −2
2 + − 2X = O
1 5 7 4 −6 −4

where O is a _________________ of order _____________ and X = ___________

20. If AB = O then BA = O. (T/F)

21. A2 × 3  B3 × 4 = Cx × y then x = ________________, y = _____________________

22. |det In| = _____________________

23. A  (B ± C) = _____________________ this property is called _____________________

24. A(BC) = _____________________ this property is called _____________________

25. O3 × 2  A2 × 5 = ________________________, A3 × 4  O4 × 3 = ________________________,

26. Identity matrix ____________________ with every square matrix of same order
________________ i.e. if A is a square matrix then __________________ = ______________

27. diag 1 2 3 ⋅ diag −1 −2 5 =

28. (diag (d1 d2 ......, dn))p, p  N = ______________________

29. Om × n = On × p = ____________________
Find the mistake:
1 2 3 −1 0 2 3
1. 4 5 6 + −4 = 0 5 6
7 8 9 −7 0 8 9

1 2 1 3 1×1+2×3 1×5+2×4
2. ⋅ =
3 4 5 4 3×1+4×3 3×5+4×4

3. If Tr(A) = 3 then Tr(A3) = 33 = 27

4. A(BC) = (AC)B

5. AB = AC  B = C
Kuch Swaalo ke Jawab??
1. Matrix has no value, then how is AB = 0 possible?

2. Agar two square matrix Kaa product null matrix hai toh kyaa unka determinant
value zero hoga ??

3. Can elements of a matrix be complex numbers?

4. If power of a matrix is negative toh reciprocal nahi kar Sakte?

Any square matrix to the power, zero.

QUESTION

3
1 4 −3 r ⋅ 3r 2r
Let A = 2 ,B = and Cr = be given matrices.
1 2 −2 2 0 (r − 1)3r
50
If ෌r=1 t r ⋅ (AB)r . Cr = 3 + a ⋅ 3b where tr.(Λ) denotes trace of matrix Λ, then find the
(a+b)
value of . [Where a and b are relatively prime.]
25

Ans. 4
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2025 (8 April)]

Let a be a solution of x 2 + x + 1 = 0, and for some a and b in R

1 16 13 4 m n
4 a b −1 −1 2 = 0 0 0 . If 4 + a + b = 3, then m + n is equal to
α α α
−2 −14 −8

A 11

B 3

C 8

D 7

Ans. A
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (April)]

2 −1
If A = , and trace of A13 = 3m , then find m.
1 1

Ans. 7
QUESTION (KTK 5)

α β 0
Let A = β α 0 and 2A3 = 212 where α, β ∈ I, then possible values of tr(A) are
0 0 α−β

A 2

B –2

C 6

D –4

Ans. B, C
QUESTION

Find Matrix A
1 2 3 −7 −8 −9
1. A = [NCERT]
4 5 6 2 4 6

2 −1 −1 −8 −10
2. If 1 0 A= 1 −2 −5 , find A. [NCERT EXEMPLAR]
−3 4 9 22 15
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (6 April)]

Let A = aij , where aij ≠ 0 for all i, j and A2 = I. Let a be the sum of all diagonal
2×2
elements of A and b = |A|. Then 3a2 + 4b2 is equal to

A 4

B 3

C 14

D 7

Ans. A
QUESTION

If A and B be two square matrices of order 3 × 3 which satisfy AB = A and BA = B, then

(A + B)7 equals.

A 8(A + B)

B 16(A + B)

C 32(A + B)

D 64(A + B)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2019]

1 1 1 2 1 3 1 n−1 1 78 1 n
If ..... = then the is
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2021 (25 July)]

1 0
If P = , then P 50 is:
1/2 1

1 0
A
25 1
1 50
B
0 1
1 25
C
0 1
1 0
D 50 1

Ans. A
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2019]

cos α −sin α 0 −1
Let A = , (a ∈ R) such that A32 = . Then a value of α is:
sin α cos α 1 0

A /32

B 0

C /64

D /16
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (1 Feb)]

1 1 3
If A = , then:
2 − 3 1

A A30 − A25 = 2I

B A30 + A25 − A = I

C A30 = A25

D A30 + A25 + A = I
 Home Challenge - 05

The set of natural numbers is divided into arrays of rows and columns in the form of
6 7 8
2 3
matrices as A1 = (1), A2 = , A3 = 9 10 11 ........ and so on. Find the value
4 5
12 13 14
of Tr A10 . [Note : Tr (A) denotes trace of A]
QUESTION (KTK)
1 1 1 2 1 3 1 n
1. If the product of n matrices … is equal to the matrix
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 378
then the value of n is equal to
0 1
(A) 26 (B) 27 (C) 377 (D) 378 [Ans. B]

1 2 x 1 −2 y
2. If A = 0 1 0 and B = 0 1 0 and AB = I3 , then x + y equals
0 0 1 0 0 1
(A) 0 (B) –1 (C) 2 (D) none of these [Ans. A]

3 4 −2 5
3. If A = and B = then X such that A + 2X = B equals
1 −6 6 1
2 3 3 5 5 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these [Ans. D]
−1 0 −1 0 −1 0
QUESTION (KTK)
1 2r − 1 1 2r − 1
4. For a matrix A = , the value of ς50
r=1 is equal to
0 1 0 1
1 100 1 4950 1 5050 1 2500
(A) (B) (C) (D) [Ans. D]
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

2 0 7 −α 14α 7α
5. Let A = 0 1 0 and B = 0 1 0 . If AB = I, where I is an identity
1 −2 1 α −4α −2α
matrix of order 3 then trace B has value equal to
2 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) 5 [Ans. B]
5 5

1 2 0 2 −1 5
6. Let A + 2B = 6 −3 3 and 2A − B = 2 −1 6 then Tr(A) − Tr(B) has the
−5 3 1 0 1 2
value equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) none [Ans. C]
QUESTION (KTK)
cos α sin α
7. If Aα = , then which of following statement is true
− sin α cos α
cos n α sinn α
(A) Aα ⋅ Aβ = Aαβ and Aα = n
− sinn α cosn α
cos nα sin nα
(B) Aα ⋅ Aβ = Aαβ and Aα n =
− sin nα cos nα
cos n α sinn α
(C) Aα ⋅ Aβ = Aα+β and Aα = n
− sinn α cos n α
cos nα sin nα
(D) Aα ⋅ Aβ = Aα+β and Aα = n [Ans. D]
− sin nα cos nα

0 −1 1 1 1 0
8. Let M be a 3 × 3 matrix satisfying M 1 = 2 , M −1 = 1 , and M 1 = 0 .
0 3 0 −1 1 12
Then the sum of the diagonal entries of M is: [IIT-JEE 2011]
[Ans. 9]
 Mathematics

Lecture - 05

By – Ashish Agarwal Sir

(IIT Kanpur)
 1 x 1 y 1 z
1. = _______________________
0 1 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
2. ⋅ ⋯⋯ = _______________
1 1 2 1 3 1 100 1

1 1 180
2 2
3. −1 1 = ______________________
2 2

n
cos θ − sin θ
4. = __________________
sin θ cos θ
5. Tr(A ± B) = ____________________, Tr(kA) = __________________

6. If A is a square matrix of order n then

det (kA) = ____________________, det (–A) = ____________________
det (AP)= ____________________, det (AB) = ____________________
7. If A, B are square matrix of same order then
(a) |A ± B| = |A| ± |B| (T/F)

(b) Tr(AB) = Tr(A) ⋅ Tr(B) (T/F)

(c) Kisi bhi matrix ka trace nikala ja skta hai? (Yes/No)

(d) Kisi bi matrix ki determinant value nikali ja skti hai? (Yes/No)

(e) Tr An = ൫Tr(A))n (T/F)

(f) (AB)2 = A2 B2 (T/F)

(g) A5 = A ⋅ A4 = A4 ⋅ A = A3 ⋅ A2 = A2 ⋅ A3 (T/F)
8. If A, B and C are matrices of order three and |A| = –2, |B| = 3 and |C| = 5, then find
(a) A2 =
(b) (2A)2 =
(c) det. 2A∗ 3B∗ 4C =
(d) 2A 3BC =

9. If A & B commute i.e. ___________________then

(AB)2 = A2 B2 , (AB)3 = A3 B3 … , (AB)n = An Bn (T/F)

10. Identity matrix ______________ with every ______________ matrix A of ________ order
hence we apply _____________________ for expanding (I + A)n .
11. (A + B)n can be expanded using B. Thm. if A & B __________________

12. If A & B commute then

(A + B)4 = _____________________________________
(A + B)5 = _____________________________________
(I + A)6 = _____________________________________
(I − A)4 = _____________________________________

13. k1 A ⋅ k 2 B ⋅ k 3 C = __________________________
5
14. diag 1 2 3 = ______________________

15. diaig a1 a2 … an ⋅ diag b1 b2 … bn = ______________________

 Home Challenge - 05

The set of natural numbers is divided into arrays of rows and columns in the form of
6 7 8
2 3
matrices as A1 = (1), A2 = , A3 = 9 10 11 ........ and so on. Find the value
4 5
12 13 14
of Tr A10 . [Note : Tr (A) denotes trace of A]
QUESTION

4 1
Let A = , then find A100 .
−9 −2
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2021 (20 July)]

1 −1 0
Let A = 0 1 −1 and B = 7A20 − 20A7 + 2I, where I is an identity matrix of order
0 0 1
3 × 3. If B = bij , then b13 is equal to

Ans. 910
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (25 July)]

1 a a 1 48 2160
Let A = 0 1 b , a, b ∈ ℝ. If for some n ∈ ℕ, An = 0 1 96 then n + a + b is
0 0 1 0 0 1
equal to

Ans. 24
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2016]

1 0 0
Let P = 4 1 0 and I be the identity matrix of order 3. If Q = [qi] is a matrix such
16 4 1
q31 +q32
that p − Q = I, then
50 equals
q21

A 52

B 103

C 201

D 205
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (12 April)]

1
1 1 2 −1 −2
Let A = 51 . If B = A , then the sum of all the elements of the
0 1 −1 −1 1 1
50

matrix ෍ Bn is equal to
n=1

A 50

B 75

C 100

D 125
Ans. C
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2025 (2 April)]

Let A be a 3 × 3 real matrix such that A2 (A − 2I) − 4(A − I) = O, where I and O are the
identity and null matrices, respectively. If A5 = αA2 + βA + γI, where α, β, and γ are real
constants, then α + β + γ is equal to:

A 76

B 12

C 4

D 20

Ans. B
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (29 Jan)]

Let α and β be real numbers. Consider a 3 × 3 matrix A such that A2 = 3A + αI. If

A4 = 21A + βI, then

A α=1

B α=4

C β=8

D β = −8
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2025 (2 April)]

α −1
Let A = , α > 0, such that det(A) = 0 and α + β = 1. If I denotes 2 × 2 identity
6 β
matrix, then the matrix (I + A)8 is:

257 −64
A
514 −127
766 −255
B
1530 −509
1025 −511
C
2024 −1024
4 −1
D
6 −1

Ans. B
QUESTION

3 1
Consider a matrix A = , then (I + A)99 equals
−6 −2
(where I is a unit matrix of order 2)

A I + 298 A

B I + 299 A

C I + 299 + 1 A

D I + 299 − 1 A
QUESTION

1 0
Show that the matrix A = can be decomposed as a sum of a unit and a nilpotent
2 1
1 0 2007
matrix. Hence evaluate the matrix .
2 1
QUESTION

If A is an idempotent non-zero matrix and I is an Identify matrix of the same order, find
the value of n, n ∈ N, such that (A + I)n = I + 127A.
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (31 Jan)]

1 0 0
Let A = 0 4 −1 . Then the sum of the diagonal elements of the matrix (A + I)11 is
0 12 −3
equal to:

A 6144

B 4094

C 4097

D 2050
QUESTION

1 1
If the matrix A is involutory, show that (I + A) and (I − A) are idempotent and
2 2
1 1
(I + A) ⋅ (I − A) = 0.
2 2
Basic Practice Problems (BPP)

Find Matrix A in each of the following

2 −1 −1 −8 −10
1. 1 0 A = 1 −2 −5 [CBSE 2017]
−3 0 9 22 15

−7 −8 −9
1 2 3
2. A = 2 4 6 [CBSE 2017]
4 5 6
11 20 17

4 −4 8 4
3. 1 A = −1 2 1 [NCERT EXEMPLAR]
3 −3 6 3

−3 2 1 0
4. If A = and I = , find scalar k so that A2 + I = kA. [CBSE 2020]
1 −1 0 1
BPP Answers

1 −2 −5
1. A=
3 4 0

1 −2
2. 2 0
−5 4

3. A = −1 2 1

4. k = –4
QUESTION

1. If A2 = A, (A is a square matrix) and (I + A)4 = I + kA(k is a scalar), then value of k

is __________ [Ans. 15]

2. Matrix A satisfies A2 = 2A − I where I is the identity matrix and A10 = αA − βI

(α, β ∈ scalar), then value of α + β = ________
[Ans. 1]

1 2 a b
3. Let A = and B = be two matrices such that there product is
3 4 c d
a−d
commutative to each other and c ≠ 3b, find the value of . [Ans. 1]
3b−c

3 1
4. Consider a matrix A = , then (I + A)99 equals (where I is a unit matrix of
−6 −2
order 2)
(A) I + 298 A (B) I + 299 A (C) I + 299 + 1 A (D) I + 299 − 1 A
[Ans. D]
QUESTION

β −1
5. Let A = and det A4 = 16, then the product of all possible real values of β
1 2β
equals
1 −1 [Ans. B]
(A) (B) (C) 0 (D) 2
2 2

1 1
6. If A = , then A + A2 + A3 + A4 + A5 is equal to :
0 1
(A) 1 (B) 25 (C) 30 (D) 32 [Ans. B]

7. If A and B are two square matrices which satisfy AB = A and BA = B, then (A + B)6
is equal to
(A) 6(A + B) (B) 36(A + B) (C) 32(A + B) (D) 64(A + B)
[Ans. C]
QUESTION

8. Let A and B be square matrices of same order satisfying AB = A and BA = B, then

A2B2 equals
(A) A (B) B (C) I (D) Null matrix
[Ans. A]
 Mathematics

Lecture - 06

By – Ashish Agarwal Sir

(IIT Kanpur)
1. If A & B are two square matrices of same order then (AB)n = An Bn if
A & B ____________________ i.e. AB = ___________________

2. (A + B)n can be expanded using B. Thm. if A & B _____________________

n n
1 x 1 0
3. = ________________, = _________________
0 1 x 1

n n
cos θ sin θ cos θ − sin θ
4. = ________________, = _________________
− sin θ cos θ sin θ cos θ
5. If AB = 0 then it does not imply that ____________________

6. If det A = 0 then it does not imply that A is a __________________

7. If A2 + B2 = 0 then it does not imply that _____________________

8. K1 A ⋅ K 2 B = ____________________

1 −1 3
9. A = 2 −1 1 is a Nilpotent matrix. (True/False)
1 −3 −2
10. Index of a Nilpotent matrix  ______________________

12. (A + B)3 = A3 + 3A2B + 3AB2 + B3 for all square matrices of same order. (True/False)

13. If A is idempotent then A2 = ___________________ & An = _______________ for all

n  N, n  2.
14. If A is involutary then A2 =

15. If A is nilpotent of index P then

16. If A is nilpotent matrix of index P then AP+1 = _____________ AP+2 = ____________

17. Every idempotent matrix is periodic with period =

QUESTION

If A, B, C are the given matrices such that AB = O and BC = 1, then prove that
(A + B)2 (A + C)2 = I where I is an identity matrix.
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (6 April)]

Let P be a square matrix such that P 2 = I − P. For α, β, γ, δ ∈ ℕ,

if P α + P β = γI − 29P and P α − P β = δI − 13P, then α + β + γ − δ is equal to :

A 18

B 22

C 24

D 40

Ans. C
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (25 June)]

2 −2 −1 2
Let A = and B = . Then the number of elements in the set
1 −1 −1 2
{ n, m ∶ n, m ∈ {1, 2, . . . , 10} and nAn + mBm = I} is

Ans. 1
QUESTION

A & B are 2 square matrices such that A2 B = BA & if (AB)10 = Ak B10 then find the value
of 'k'.

Ans. 1023
QUESTION

Show that
(a) All positive integral o f a symmetric matrix are symmetric
(b) All odd integral powers of a skew symmetric matrix are skew symmetric and even
integral of a skew symmetric matrix are
QUESTION

Let A and B be symmetric matrices of the same order then prove that
(a) A + B is a symmetric matrix.
(b) AB + BA is a symmetric matrix.
(c) AB – BA is a skew matrix.
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2019 (12 April)]

2 3
If A is a symmetric matrix and B is a skew-symmetric matrix such that A + B = ,
5 −1
then AB is equal to:

4 −2
A
1 −4
−4 −2
B −1 4
−4 2
C 1 4
4 −2
D −1 −4

Ans. D
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2015]

Let X and Y be two arbitrary, 3 × 3, non-zero, skew-symmetric matrices and Z be an

arbitrary 3 × 3, non-zero, symmetric matrix. Then Which of the following matrices is
(are) skew symmetric?

A Y3Z4 – Z4Y3

B X44 + Y44

C X4Z3 – z3X4

D X23 + Y23
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (28 July)]

Let A and B be any two 3 × 3 symmetric and skew symmetric matrices respectively.
Then which of the following is NOT true?

A A4 − B4 is a symmetric matrix

B AB − BA is a symmetric matrix

C B5 − A5 is a skew-symmetric matrix

D AB + BA is a skew-symmetric matrix
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (25 Jan)]

Let A, B, C be 3 × 3 matrices such that A is symmetric and B and C are skew-symmetric.

Consider the statements
(S1) A13 B26 − B26 A13 is symmetric
(S2) A26 C13 − C13 A26 is symmetric
Then,

A Only S2 is true

B Only S1 is true

C Both S1 and S2 are false

D Both S1 and S2 are true

Ans. A
Basic Practice Problems (BPP)

2 3
1. If A = , prove that A − AT is a skew-symmetric matrix. [CBSE 2001]
4 5

2 3
2. For the matrix A = , find A + AT and verify that it a symmetric matrix.
5 7
[CBSE 2019]
4 x+2
3. If is a symmetric matrix, then find the value of x. [CBSE 2020]
2x − 3 x + 1

5 2 x
4. If the matrix A = y z −3 is a symmetric matrix, find x, y, z and t.
4 t −7
3 2 7
5. Let A = 1 4 3 . Find matrices X and Y such that X + Y = A, where X is a
−2 5 8
symmetric and Y is a skew-symmetric matrix.
BPP Answers

4 8
2. A=
8 14

3. 5

4. x = 4, y = 2, z ∈ C, t = −3

3 3/2 5/2 0 1/2 9/2

5. X = 3/2 4 4 , Y = −1/2 0 −1
5/2 4 8 −9/2 1 0
QUESTION

1. The system of equation −2x + y + z = 1, x − 2y + z = −2, x + y + λz = 4 will have

no solution if
(A) λ = –2 (B) λ = –1 (C) λ = 3 (D) none of these
[Ans. A]

2. The system of the linear equations x + y − z = 6, x + 2y − 3z = 14 and

2x + 5y − λz = 9(λ ∈ R) has a unique solution if
(A) λ = 8 (B) λ ≠ 8 (C) λ = 7 (D) λ ≠ 7 [Ans. B]

3. If the system of equations x + 2y + 3z = 4, x + λy + 2z = 3, x + 4y + μz = 3 has an

infinite a number of solutions then
(A) λ = 2, μ = 3 (B) λ = 2, μ = 4 (C) 3λ = 2μ (D) None of these
[Ans. D]
QUESTION

1 1 3
4. The matrix A = 5 2 6 is
−2 −1 −3
(A) idempotent matrix (B) involutory matrix
[Ans. C]
(C) nilpotent matrix (D) None of these

5. If A = diag(2, –1, 3), B = diag(–1, 3, 2), then A2B equal to

(A) diag (5, 4, 11) (B) diag(–4, 3, 18) (C) diag (3, 1, 8) (D) B [Ans. B]

0 1
6. If A = . I is the unit matrix of order 2 and a, b are arbitrary constants, then
0 0
(aI + bA)2 is equal to
(A) a2 I + b2 A (B) a2 I = abA (C) a2 I + 2abA (D) None of these
[Ans. C]
QUESTION

7. A and B be 3 × 3 matrices. Then AB = 0 implies

(A) A = 0 and B = 0 (B) A = 0 and B = 0
(C) either A or B = 0 (D) A = 0 or B = 0 [Ans. C]

1 −1
8. Which of the following is true for matrix A =
2 3
(A) A + 4I is a symmetric matrix
(B) A2 − 4A + 5I2 = 0
α −1
(C) A − B is a diagonal matrix for any value of α if B =
2 5 [Ans. B, C]
(D) A − 41 is a skew symmetric matrix
QUESTION

9. If B is an idempotent matrix, and A = I − B, then

(A) A2 = A (B) A2 = I (C) AB = 0 (D) BA = 0
[Ans. A, C, D]

10. If A is a square matrix, then

(A) AA' is symmetric (B) AA' is skew-symmetric
(C) A'A is symmetric (D) A'A is skew-symmetric [Ans. A, C]
 Mathematics

Lecture - 07

By – Ashish Agarwal Sir

(IIT Kanpur)
1. If A & B are two square matrices of same order then Tr(AB) = _____________,
Tr(A + B) = _____________, Tr(A − B) = _____________, Tr(KA) = _____________,
det(AB) = _____________, det An = _____________, det A⊤ = _____________

2. For any two matrices A & B conformable for multiplication (AB)' = _________________

3. For any matrix Tr AA⊤ = Tr A⊤ A = _________________

4. A square matrix A is said to be symmetric if _________ i.e. aij = _________ i.e. _________
elements are ____________________
5. A square matrix is said to be skew-symmetric if ____________ i.e. aij = _____________ i.e.
______________ elements are ________________ of each other also diagonal entries of such
a matrix are _________________

6. For any matrices A & B, (A⊤)⊤ = _____________, (A + B)⊤ = ____________, (KA)⊤ = ___________

7. If A is a symmetric matrix then An is also ____________________ ∀ n ∈ N.

8. If A is a skew-symmetric then An is symmetric if _________________________ & is

skew-symmetric if ________________________
9. If A is a symmetric matrix then A + A⊤ is _______________ while A − AT is _______________

10. If A is a skew symmetric matrix then

A + A3 + A5 + A7 is ____________________ while A2 + A4 + A6 + A8 is ____________________

11. Let D be a determinant of order 3 with value equal to 5 then the value of
determinant which is obtained by replacing each element of D by the respective
co-factors is equal to __________

13. If value of a determinant is zero, then the value of its co-factor determinant is equal
to _____________
QUESTION

State whether True or False

(a) A symmetric matrix is always a square matrix.

(b) A square matrix is always either symmetric or skew-symmetric matrix.

(c) The determinant of a skew-symmetric matrix is always zero.

(d) The determinant of a skew symmetric matrix of odd order is always zero.

(e) If A is symmetric as well as skew-symmetric matrix, then A is always a null matrix.

(f) The determinant of a symmetric matrix is always non zero.

(g) Every skew symmetric matrix of odd order is also a singular matrix.
QUESTION

9. If B is an idempotent matrix, and A = I − B, then

(A) A2 = A (B) A2 = I (C) AB = 0 (D) BA = 0
[Ans. A, C, D]

10. If A is a square matrix, then

(A) AA' is symmetric (B) AA' is skew-symmetric
(C) A'A is symmetric (D) A'A is skew-symmetric [Ans. A, C]
QUESTION

Show every square matrix can be uniquely expressed as a sum of a symmetric and a
skew-symmetric matrix.
QUESTION

−2 3 2
Express the matrix 𝐴 = 2 5 1 into sum of a symmetric & skew-symmetric matrix.
−1 0 4
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2021 (20 July)]

2 3
Let A = , a ∈ R be written as P + Q where P is a symmetric matrix and
a 0
Q is skew symmetric matrix. If det(Q) = 9, then the modulus of the sum of all possible
value of determinant of P is equal to:

A 36

B 24

C 45

D 18

Ans. A
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (29 Jan)]

2 1 1 2
Let A be a symmetric matrix such that |A| = 2 and 3 3 A = . If sum of the
2
α β
βs
diagonal elements of A is s, then 2 is equal to _______________
α

Ans. 5
QUESTION [IIT-JEE 2012]

If P is 3 × 3 matrix such that PT = 2P + I, where PT is the transpose of P and I is the 3 × 3

x 0
identity matrix, then there exists a column matrix X = y ≠ 0 such that
z 0
0
A PX = 0
0
B PX = X

C PX = 2X

D PX = – X
QUESTION

Which of the following is an orthogonal matrix

6/7 2/7 −3/7 6/7 2/7 3/7

A 2/7 3/7 6/7 B 2/7 −3/7 6/7
3/7 −6/7 2/7 3/7 6/7 −2/7

−6/7 −2/7 −3/7 6/7 −2/7 3/7

C 2/7 3/7 6/7 D 2/7 2/7 −3/7
−3/7 6/7 2/7 −6/7 2/7 3/7
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2015]

1 2 2
If A = 2 1 −2 is a matrix satisfying the equation AAT = 9I, where I is 3 × 3 identity
a 2 b
matrix, then the ordered pair (a, b) is equal to:

A (2, 1)

B (–2, –1)

C (2, –1)

D (–2, 1)
QUESTION [IIT-JEE 2004]

If M is a 3 × 3 matrix, where MT M = I and det(M) = 1, then prove that det(M − I) = 0.

QUESTION [IIT-JEE 2005]

3 1
2 2 1 1
If P = and A = and Q = PAPT and x = PTQ2005P then x is equal to
1 3 0 1
−
2 2

1 2005
A
0 1
4 + 2005 3 6015
B
2005 4 − 2005 3
1 2+ 3 1
C
4 −1 2− 3
1 2005 2− 3
D
4 2+ 3 2005
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (8 April)]

3 1
2 2 1 1 a b
Let P = ,A = and Q = PAP T . If P T Q2007 P = , then
1 3 0 1 c d
−
2 2
2a + b − 3c − 4d equal to

A 2004

B 2006

C 2007

D 2005

Ans. D
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2025 (28 Jan)]

1
−2 cos θ − sin θ
Let A = 2 and P = , θ > 0. If B = PAP ⊤ , C = P ⊤ B10 P and the
0 1 sin θ cos θ
m
sum of the diagonal elements of C is , where gcd(m, n) = 1, then m + n is:
n

A 127

B 2049

C 258

D 65

Ans. D
QUESTION

1 2 3
Given A = 5 0 4 find (adj. A)
2 6 7
 Home Challenge - 06

0 1 −1
Let X be the solution set of the equation AX = 1, where A = 4 −3 4 and I is the
3 −3 4
corresponding unit matrix and x ⊆ N then find the minimum value of
∑ cos x θ + sinx θ , θ ∈ ℝ.
QUESTION

1. Find adjoint matrices of following matrices

−2 4 7 −4
(i) P = Ans.
1 7 −1 −2

−1 2 −3 −6 −4 6
(ii) Q = 4 0 3 Ans. 7 4 −9
1 2 −1 8 4 −8

−1 2 0 −10 −8 4
(iii) R = 1 −1 2 Ans. −8 −4 2

−2 3 4 1 −1 −1
QUESTION

3−1 3+1
cos θ − sin θ −
2 2 2 2
2. A= ,B= , C = BAB⊤ and D = B⊤ C 2006 B, then:
sin θ cos θ 3+1 3−1
2 2 2 2
π π
(A) D = I, if θ = (B) D = I, if θ =
1003 4012
π π
(C) D = −I, if θ = (D) D = I, if θ = [Ans. A, C]
2006 2

3. Which of the following is/are correct :

(A) The multiplication of two diagonal matrices is again a diagonal matrix.
(B) The multiplication of two triangular matrices (square order) is again a
triangular matrix.
(C) The multiplication of two scalar matrices is also a scalar matrix.
(D) If A and B are two matrices of the same order, then A −B = −A B = − AB
[Ans. A, B, C, D]
QUESTION

4. If A and B are two matrices of the same order, then which of the following is/are
correct:
(A) (A + B)2 = A2 + B2 + AB + BA
(B) (A − B)2 = A2 + B2 − AB − BA
(C) A − B A + B = A2 − B2 + AB − BA
(D) A + B A − B = A2 − B2 − AB + BA [Ans. A, B, C, D]

α β
5. If A = is a orthogonal matrix, where α, β and the roots other than the
−β α
common root of the equations x 2 − px + q = 0 & x 2 + px − q = 0, then:
1 1 1
(A) p = ± ,q = ± (B) p = 0, q = ±
2 2 2
1
(C) p = ± ,q = 0 (D) none of these [Ans. B]
2
QUESTION

1 2
6. Let A be a matrix such that A. is a scalar matrix and |3A| = 108. Then A2
0 3
equals: [JEE Mains 2018]
4 −32 36 0 4 0 36 −32
(A) (B) (C) (D)
0 36 −32 4 −32 36 0 4
[Ans. D]
7. Let A = aij where aij = i2 − j2 . Show that A is skew-symmetric matrix.
n×n

8. For two 3 × 3 matrices A and B, let A + B = 2B⊤ and 3A + 2B = I3 , where B⊤ is the

transpose of B and I3 is 3 × 3 identity matrix. Then: [JEE Mains 2017]
(A) 5A + 10B = 2I3 (B) 10A + 5B = 3I3
(C) B + 2A = I3 (D) 3A + 6B = 2I3 [Ans. B]
 Mathematics

Lecture - 08

By – Ashish Agarwal Sir

(IIT Kanpur)
QUESTION

1. In Kota there 5 cinema halls, 3 water parks, 7 good restaurants. In how many ways
can a boy spend a Sunday with his girlfriend. If he plans to visits a waterpark first
then watch a movie and finally return to his hostel after having a good dinner with
her.

2. There are 23 IITs in the country and suppose each IIT has say 10 branches then find
the number of ways in which a student with AIR 1 can take admission.

3. There are 31 NITs and 23 IITs in the country, a student has secured rank one in both
JEE mains and Advance. Then find the number of ways in which he can select an
institute for himself.
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2015]

The number of integers greater than 6000 that can be formed, using the digits
3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 without repetition, is:

A 120

B 72

C 216

D 192
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (25 Jan)]

The number of numbers, strictly between 5000 and 10000 can be formed using the
digits 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 without repetition, is

A 120

B 6

C 72

D 12
QUESTION

There are n point in a plane, no 3 of which are collinear. Find

(a) Number of straight lines by joining these points
(b) Number of triangles
(c) Number of diagonals in a n-sided polygon
QUESTION

(d) 10 points in a plane no 3 being collinear except 4 which are in the same line. Find
(i) number of line
(ii) number of triangles
QUESTION

6 parallel lines which are cut by another set of 5 parallel lines. Number of parallelograms
QUESTION

(a) Find number of words which can be formed by using all the alphabets of word
DADDY.

(b) In how many ways the letters of word PERMUTATIONS be arranged in word starts
with P end with S.
QUESTION

1. How many ways can 7 girls be arranged in a line so that two girls named
(a) Gulabo and Sitabo always come together
(b) Gulabo and Sitabo never occur together

2. In how many ways can the seven different colours of a rainbow be arranged so that
the blue and green never come together.
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2020]

The number of words (with or without meaning) that can be formed from all the letters
of the word "LETTER" in which vowels never come together is

Ans. 120
QUESTION

Using only the elements 0 and 1, find the number of 3 × 3 matrices that are:
(a) Diagonal
(b) Upper triangular
(c) Non-singular and upper triangular. Generalize to n × n matrices.

Ans. (a) 8; (b) 64; (c) 8

QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (13 April)]

The number of symmetric matrices of order 3 , with all the entries from the set
{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} is:

A 109

B 910

C 106

D 610
QUESTION [IIT-JEE 2009]

Let A be the set of all 3 × 3 symmetric matrices all of whose entries are either 0 or 1.
Five of these entries are 1 and four of them are 0. The number of matrices in A is

A 12

B 6

C 9

D 3

Ans. A
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2017]

How many 3 × 3 matrices M with entries from {0, 1, 2} are there, for which the sum of
the diagonal entries of MTM is 5?

A 198

B 135

C 126

D 162
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2025 (7 April)]

The number of singular matrices of order 2, whose elements are from the set {2, 3, 6, 9},
is ____________

Ans. 36
QUESTION

a11 a12 a13

Let S = a21 a22 a23 : aij ∈ {−1, 0, 1} then the number of symmetric matrices
a31 a32 a33
with trace equals zero, is

A 729

B 189

C 162

D 27
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (27 July)]

Let S be the set containing all 3 × 3 matrices with entries from {–1, 0, 1}. The total
number of matrices A ∈ S such that the sum of all the diagonal elements of ATA is 6 is

Ans. 5376
 Mathematics

Lecture - 09

By – Ashish Agarwal Sir

(IIT Kanpur)
1. A square matrix is orthogonal if ______________________________________

2. If 'A' is an orthogonal matrix then det A = ____________________

3. Adjoint of a square matrix 'A' is the ___________________ of ___________________ of A.

4. If A is a square matrix then A  adj A = adj A  A = _______________

a b
5. If A = then adj A = _________________
c d
6. If A is a square matrix of order n then |adj A| = __________________

7. If A is a square matrix & |adj A| = 36 then |A| = _________________

8. State True/False
(a) Any positive integral power of identity matrix is Identity matrix.

(b) Identity matrix is commutable with every square matrix of same order.

(c) Two diagonal matrix of same order in always commutable.

(d) If A & B are two commutable square matrix, then identity in A & B are just like
algebraic identities.

(e) Product of null matrix with any matrix is null matrix.

8. State True/False
(f) PQR − AQB = Q PR − AB

(g) AB − CA = A B − C

(h) AB − AC = A(B − C)

(i) ABC = ACB

(j) If A is null matrix A = 0 ⇒ A = 0

(k) If |A| = 0 ⇒ A is null matrix (A = 0)

(l) If A is square null matrix ⇒ |A| = 0

9. A⊤ ⊤ = ___________________, (xA ± yB)⊤ = _____________________

(kA)⊤ = ___________________, det A⊤ = ______________________

(AB)⊤ = ___________________, (ABC)⊤ = ______________________

An ⊤ = ____________________
 a1 b1 c1
10. If A = a2 b2 c2 then a12 + b12 + c12 = ________________________
a3 b3 c3
a12 + b12 + c12 = _______________________

a1 b1 + a2 b2 + a3 b3 = ___________________

a2 a3 + b2 b3 + c2 c3 = ________________________
11. State True or False
(a) If Matrix A is nilpotent matrix then it is a singular matrix.
(b) Even powers of an Involutory matrix X is same matrix X.

(d) If A is a periodic matrix then det(A) can be equals to 2.

(e) Every involutory matrix is periodic matrix with period 2.
(f) If A is symmetric matrix then all positive integral powers of A is also
symmetric.
(g) If A is a skew-symmetric matrix then all +ve odd powers of A are skew-
symmetric while all +ve even powers of A are symmetric.
QUESTION

3−1 3+1
cos θ − sin θ −
2 2 2 2
2. A= ,B= , C = BAB⊤ and D = B⊤ C 2006 B, then:
sin θ cos θ 3+1 3−1
2 2 2 2
π π
(A) D = I, if θ = (B) D = I, if θ =
1003 4012
π π
(C) D = −I, if θ = (D) D = I, if θ = [Ans. A, C]
2006 2

3. Which of the following is/are correct :

(A) The multiplication of two diagonal matrices is again a diagonal matrix.
(B) The multiplication of two triangular matrices (square order) is again a
triangular matrix.
(C) The multiplication of two scalar matrices is also a scalar matrix.
(D) If A and B are two matrices of the same order, then A −B = −A B = − AB
[Ans. A, B, C, D]
QUESTION

4. If A and B are two matrices of the same order, then which of the following is/are
correct:
(A) (A + B)2 = A2 + B2 + AB + BA
(B) (A − B)2 = A2 + B2 − AB − BA
(C) A − B A + B = A2 − B2 + AB − BA
(D) A + B A − B = A2 − B2 − AB + BA [Ans. A, B, C, D]

α β
5. If A = is a orthogonal matrix, where α, β and the roots other than the
−β α
common root of the equations x 2 − px + q = 0 & x 2 + px − q = 0, then:
1 1 1
(A) p = ± ,q = ± (B) p = 0, q = ±
2 2 2
1
(C) p = ± ,q = 0 (D) none of these [Ans. B]
2
QUESTION

1 2
6. Let A be a matrix such that A. is a scalar matrix and |3A| = 108. Then A2
0 3
equals: [JEE Mains 2018]
4 −32 36 0 4 0 36 −32
(A) (B) (C) (D)
0 36 −32 4 −32 36 0 4
[Ans. D]
7. Let A = aij where aij = i2 − j2 . Show that A is skew-symmetric matrix.
n×n

8. For two 3 × 3 matrices A and B, let A + B = 2B⊤ and 3A + 2B = I3 , where B⊤ is the

transpose of B and I3 is 3 × 3 identity matrix. Then: [JEE Mains 2017]
(A) 5A + 10B = 2I3 (B) 10A + 5B = 3I3
(C) B + 2A = I3 (D) 3A + 6B = 2I3 [Ans. B]
QUESTION

1 1 1
If A = 1 2 −3 , then find the value of adj adj A .
2 −1 3

A –11

B –113

C 116

D 114

Ans. D
QUESTION

1 1 1
If A = 1 2 −3 , then find the matrix adj adj A .
2 −1 3
1 1 1
A 1 2 −3
2 −1 3
1 1 1 1
B 1 2 −3
11
2 −1 3
1 −1 −1 −1
C −1 −2 3
11
−2 1 −3

D None of these
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (4 April)]

1 2
Let A = and B = I + adj (A) + (adj A)2 + ....... + (adj A)10. Then, the sum of all the
0 1
elements of the matrix B is:

A –110

B 22

C –124

D –88

Ans. D
QUESTION

If A is square matrix of order 3 and |A| = −2. If value of each of the following part is
expressed as (−1)a 2b 3c 5d (where a, b, c, d ∈ N), then find minimum value of
(a + b + c + d) in each part.
(i) adj adj adj A
(ii) 3 adj 2A
(iii) adj 5 adj 3A

(iv) adj 2 adj 3 adj A2

(v) adj adj adj adj adj adj A

(vi) adj A2 adj(3A)

QUESTION [JEE Mains 2019]

1 1 2 |adj B|
If the matrices A = 1 3 4 , B = adj A and C = 3A then is equal to:
|C|
1 −1 3

A 72

B 8

C 16

D 2

Ans. B
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (13 April)]

1 2 3
Let for A = α 3 1 , A = 2. If 2 adj 2 adj 2A = 32n , then 3n + α is equal to
1 1 2

A 11

B 9

C 12

D 10

Ans. A
 Home Challenge - 06

Let A = aij be a square matrix of order 3 such that aij = 2j−i , for all i, j = 1, 2, 3. Then,
the matrix A2 + A3 + ⋯ + A10 is equal to:

310 −3
A A
2

310 −1
B 2
A

310 +1
C 2
A

310 +3
D 2
A

Ans. A
QUESTION

1. Let A & B are matrices of order 3 × 3 and |A| = –2 & |B| = 3, then find value of :
(i) det(2AB) [Ans. –48]
(ii) det 4A2 B3 [Ans. 6912]
(iii) det 3AB A [Ans. 24  312]
(iv) A 2B B2 [Ans. –210  35]

2 −2 −4 −4 −3 −3
2. If A = −1 3 4 and B = 1 0 1 , then find the value of determinant
1 −2 −3 4 4 3
(A + A2 B2 + A3 + A4 B4 + ⋯ upto 100 terms) . [Ans. 0]

3. A square matrix P satisfies P 2 = I − P; where I is an identity matrix. If P n = 5I − 8P,

then find the value of n. [Ans. 6]
 Mathematics

Lecture - 10

By – Ashish Agarwal Sir

(IIT Kanpur)
1. If A is a square matrix of order n then
(A) A adj A = (adj A)  A =

(B) |adj A| =

(C) adj (adj A) =

(D) |adj (adj A)| =

(E) adj (KA) =

(F) (adj A)T =

2. Let A be square matrix of order 3 × 3,
if |adj 24 A| = |adj (3 adj 2A)| then |A|2 = ______________

3. If A is a square matrix of order n then |adj (adj (adj A))| = ______________

4. If A is a square matrix of order n then |adj (adj (adj (adj A)))| = ________________
QUESTION

If A is square matrix of order 3 and |A| = −2. If value of each of the following part is
expressed as (−1)a 2b 3c 5d (where a, b, c, d ∈ N), then find minimum value of
(a + b + c + d) in each part.
(i) adj adj adj A
(ii) 3 adj 2A
(iii) adj 5 adj 3A

(iv) adj 2 adj 3 adj A2

(v) adj adj adj adj adj adj A

(vi) adj A2 adj(3A)

 Home Challenge - 07

Let A = aij be a square matrix of order 3 such that aij = 2j−i , for all i, j = 1, 2, 3. Then,
the matrix A2 + A3 + ⋯ + A10 is equal to:

310 −3
A A
2

310 −1
B 2
A

310 +1
C 2
A

310 +3
D 2
A

Ans. A
 Home Challenge - 06

0 1 −1
Let X be the solution set of the equation AX = 1, where A = 4 −3 4 and I is the
3 −3 4
corresponding unit matrix and x ⊆ N then find the minimum value of
∑ cosx θ + sinx θ , θ ∈ ℝ.
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2025 (2 April)]

Let a ∈ R and A be a matrix of order 3 × 3 such that

1 a 1
det(A) = −4 and A + I = 2 1 0 , where I is the identity matrix of order 3 × 3.
a 1 2
If det a + 1 adj a − 1 A is 2m 3n , m, n ∈ {0, 1, 2, … , 20}, then m + n is equal to:

A 14

B 17

C 15

D 16
Ans. D
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (9 April)]

Let A be a non-singular matrix of order 3.

If det (3 adj (2 adj ((det A) A))) = 3–13  2–10 and det (3 adj (2A) = 2m  3n,
then |3m + 2n| is equal to ___________

Ans. 14
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2025 (22 Jan)]

For a 3 × 3 matrix M, let trace (M) denote the sum of all the diagonal elements of M. Let
1
A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that |A| = and trace (A) = 3. If B = adj(adj(2A)), then the
2
value of |B| + trace (B) equals:

A 56

B 132

C 174

D 280

Ans. D
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (4 April)]

1 2 α
Let α ∈ (0, ∞) and A = 1 0 1 . If det (adj (2A – AT)  adj (A – 2AT)) = 28, then (det (A))2
0 1 2
is equal to:

A 16

B 36

C 49

D 1

Ans. A
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2025 (3 April)]

Let A be a matrix of order 3 × 3 and |A| = 5.

If 2 adj 3A adj 2A = 2α ⋅ 3β ⋅ 5γ , α, β, γ ∈ N, then α + β + γ is equal to

A 26

B 27

C 25

D 28

Ans. B
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (10 April)]

If A is a 3 × 3 matrix and A = 2, then 3 adj 3A A2 is equal to:

A 312 ⋅ 610

B 311 ⋅ 610

C 312 ⋅ 611

D 310 ⋅ 611

Ans. B
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (5 April)]

β α 3 3α −9 3α
Let αβ ≠ 0 and A = α α β . If −α 7 −2α is the matrix of cofactors of the
−β α 2α −2α 5 −2β
elements of A, then det (AB) is equal to:

A 64

B 343

C 125

D 216

Ans. D
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (13 April)]

1 3 α
Let B = 1 2 3 , α > 2 be the adjoint of a matrix A and |A| = 2.
α α 4
α
Then α −2α α B −2α is equal to :
α
A 32

B –16

C 0

D 16
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2017]

2 −3
If A = , then adj (3A2 + 12A) is equal to:
−4 1
51 63
A
84 72
51 84
B
63 72
72 −63
C
−84 51
72 −84
D −63 51

Ans. A
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2013]

1 α 3
If P = 1 3 3 is the adjoint of a 3 × 3 matrix A and |A| = 4, then α is equal to:
2 4 4

A 4

B 11

C 5

D 0

Ans. B
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2019]

Let A be the matrix of order 3 × 3 and det (A) = 2.

Then det(det(A) adj(5 adj (A3))) is equal to ____________.

A 512 × 106

B 256 × 106

C 1024 × 106

D 256 × 1011
 Home Challenge - 08

1 0 0
Let A= 0 1 1 . Then A2025 – A2020 is equal to:
1 0 0

A A5

B A5 – A

C A6

D A6 – A
 Mathematics

Lecture - 11

By – Ashish Agarwal Sir

(IIT Kanpur)
1. A ⋅ adj A = (adj A) ⋅ A = ____________

2. adj A = _____________, |adj(adj A)| = _______________, adj adj adj A = _____________,

adj adj … adj A … . ) = ______________________
m times

3. adj(A⊤) = _________________

4. If A is non singular matrix then adj(adj A) = _________________

5. If A is invertible then A⊤ is also _________________ and (A⊤)–1 = _________________

6. If A & B are two non singular matrix of same order then (AB)–1 = __________________

7. (a) |kA|=

(b) (adj kA) =

(c) (kA)–1 =

(d) Tr(kA) =

(e) |A–1| =
State True or False
1. Every square matrix is invertible

2. Every non singular square matrix is invertible.

3. Every invertible matrix is non singular.

4. If A is an orthogonal matrix then det A = 1.

5. Orthogonal matrix is always invertible.

6. If AB = AC and A is non singular matrix then B = C.

(where A, B & C are square matrix).
State True or False
7. If A3 = O then A2 + A + I is invertible matrix.

8. If A3 = O then A2 + A + I = (I − A)−1 .

9. Adjoint of even order skew-symmetric matrix is skew-symmetric.

10. Adjoint of a symmetric matrix is symmetric.

11. If A is orthogonal then A−1 = A⊤ .

12. If A is involutery then A⊤ = A i.e. A is self inverse.

adj A
13. If A is non singular square matrix then A−1 =
A
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (9 April)]

Let A be a non-singular matrix of order 3.

If det (3 adj (2 adj ((det A) A))) = 3–13  2–10 and det (3 adj (2A) = 2m  3n,
then |3m + 2n| is equal to ___________

Ans. 14
 Yeh Bataao

(A–1)–1 =

(Ak)–1 =

(AT)–1 =

(ABC)–1 =

(kA)–1 =

adj(A–1) = (adj(A))–1 =
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2019 (9 Jan)]

et e−t cos t e−t sin t

If A = et −e−t cos t − e−t sin t −e−t sin t + e−t cos t , then A is:
et 2e−t sin t −2e−t cos t

A invertible for all t ∈ R

B invertible only if t = π

C not invertible for any t ∈ R

π
D invertible only if t =
2

Ans. A
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2018 (15 April)]

Suppose A is any 3 × 3 non-singular matrix and (A − 3I)(A − 5I) = O where I = I3 and

O = O3 . If αA + βA−1 = 4I, then α + β is equal to :

A 8

B 7

C 13

D 12

Ans. A
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2017 (8 April)]

Let A be any 3 × 3 invertible matrix. Then which one of the following is not always true?

A adj A = A ⋅ A−1

B adj adj A = A ⋅A

−1
C adj adj A = |A|2 ⋅ adj A

−1
D adj adj A = |A| ⋅ adj A

Ans. D
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (24 Jan)]

Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that adj adj adj A = 124 . Then A−1 adj A is equal to

A 12

B 2 3

C 1

D 6
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2020]

2 −1 1
Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that adj A = −1 0 2 and B = adj(adj A).
1 −2 −1
If |A| = λ and B −1 T = μ, then the ordered pair, (|λ|, μ) is equal to:

A 3, 81

1
B 9,
9
1
C 3,
81
37
D 9,
16
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022]

Let A and B be two 3 × 3 matrices such that AB = l and ||A| = 1/8.

Then |adj (B adj (B adj (2A)| is equal to

A 16

B 32

C 64

D 128
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2020 (Paper 1)]

Let M be a 3 × 3 invertible matrix with real entries and let I denote the 3 × 3 identity
matrix. If M–1 = adj (adj M), then which of the following statement is/are ALWAYS TRUE?

A M=I

B det M = 1

C M2 = I

D (adj M)2 = I

Ans. B, C, D
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2019 (Paper 1)]

0 1 a −1 1 −1
Let M = 1 2 3 and adj M = 8 −6 2 where a and b are real numbers. Which
3 b 1 −5 3 −1
of the following options is/are correct?

A det (adj M2) = 81

α 1
B If M β = 2 , then α– β + γ = 3
γ 3

C (adj M)–1 + adj M–1 = –M

D a + b=3

Ans. B, C, D
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2016]

3 –1 –2
Let P = 2 0 α , where α ∈ R, Suppose Q = [qij] is a matrix such that PQ = KI, where
3 –5 0
k k2
k ∈ R, k ≠ 0 and I is the identity matrix of order 3. If q23 = – and det (Q) = ,then
8 2

A  = 0, k = 8

B 4 – k + 8 = 0

C det(P adj(Q)) = 229

D det(Q adj(P)) = 213

QUESTION [JEE Mains 2025 (23 Jan)]

If A, B, and adj A−1 + adj B−1 are non-singular matrices of same order, then the
−1
inverse of A adj A−1 + adj B−1 B, is equal to

AB−1 BA−1
A +
A B

B adj B−1 + adj A−1

C AB−1 + A−1 B

1
D adj B + adj A
AB

Ans. D
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2025 (7 April)]

Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that adj adj adj A = 81.

(n−1)2
3n2 −5n−4 n2 +n
If S = n ∈ ℤ: adj adj A 2 = |A| , then ෍ A is equal to
n∈S

A 820

B 866

C 750

D 732

Ans. D
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (15 April)]

Let the determinant of a square matrix A of order m be m – n, where m and n satisfy

4m + n = 22 and 17m + 4n = 93. If det (n adj (adj (mA))) = 3a 5b 6c then a + b + c is equal
to:

A 96

B 84

C 109

D 101
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022]

Let A and B be two 3 × 3 matrices such that AB = l and ||A| = 1/8.

Then |adj (B adj (B adj (2A)| is equal to

A 16

B 32

C 64

D 128
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022]

The positive value of the determinant of the matrix A, whose

14 28 −14
Adj Adj A = −14 14 28 is _____
28 −14 14
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (8 April)]

2 1 0
Let A = 1 2 −1 . If |adj (adj (adj 2A))| = (16)n, then n is equal to
0 −1 2

A 9

B 8

C 10

D 12

Ans. C
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2013]

For 3 × 3 matrices M and N, which of the following statement(s) is (are) NOT correct?

A NTMN is symmetric or skew symmetric, according as M is symmetric or skew

symmetric.
B MN-NM is skew symmetric for all symmetric matrices M and N.

C MN is symmetric for all symmetric matrices M and N.

D (adj M)  (adj N) = adj (MN) for all invertible matrices M and N.

Ans. C, D
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (25 Jan)]

1 log x y log x z
Let x, y, z > 1 and A = log y x 2 log y z . Then adj adj A2 is equal to
log z x log z y 3

A 64

B 28

C 48

D 24

Ans. B
 Home Challenge - 09

2 −1 −1
3i−1
Let A = 1 0 −1 and B = A − I. If ω = , then the number of elements in the
2
1 −1 0
set n ∈ {1, 2, … , 100}: An + (ωB)n = A + B is equal to

Ans. 17
 Mathematics

Lecture - 12

By – Ashish Agarwal Sir

(IIT Kanpur)
1. A square Matrix A is invertible if and only if _______________

2. If A is an orthogonal matrix then |A| = _______________ & A–1 = _______________, while if A

is involutary then A–1 = _______________

3. A–3 = ____________, A–3  A5 = ____________, A–5  A3 = ____________, (A–2)3 = ____________,

A–5  A–2  A3 = ____________, (ABC)–1 = ____________, (A–1)–1 = __________, (KA)–1 = ___________

4. adj A–1 = _________, (adj A)–1 = _________

5. If for square matrices A & B we have AB = I then A–1 = _________, while B–1 = ___________
6. If AB = I = BA for two square matrices then A & B are _____________ of each other i.e.
A–1 = _________ & B–1 = _________

7. If A2 = 0 then A – I & A + I are both _________ (A – I)–1 = ________ while (A + I)–1 = _______

8. If A3 = 0 then (A – I)–1 = _____________

−1 −1
9. diag 1 2 3 = _____________, in general diag k1 k 2 ⋯ k n = ___________
where none of K i 's are zero.

10. Three reversal laws are ________________________________________________

QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2020]

Let M be a 3 × 3 invertible matrix with real entries and let I denote the 3 × 3 identity
matrix. If M–1 = adj (adj M), then which of the following statement is/are ALWAYS TRUE?

A M=I

B det M = 1

C M2 = I

D (adj M)2 = I
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2025 (23 Jan)]

If A, B, and adj A−1 + adj B−1 are non-singular matrices of same order, then the
−1
inverse of A adj A−1 + adj B−1 B, is equal to

AB−1 BA−1
A +
A B

B adj B−1 + adj A−1

C AB−1 + A−1 B

1
D adj B + adj A
AB

Ans. D
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2025 (7 April)]

Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix such that adj adj adj A = 81.

(n−1)2
3n2 −5n−4 n2 +n
If S = n ∈ ℤ: adj adj A 2 = |A| , then ෍ A is equal to
n∈S

A 820

B 866

C 750

D 732

Ans. D
 Home Challenge - 09

2 −1 −1
3i−1
Let A = 1 0 −1 and B = A − I. If ω = , then the number of elements in the
2
1 −1 0
set n ∈ {1, 2, … , 100}: An + (ωB)n = A + B is equal to

Ans. 17
QUESTION

If P & Q are two square matrices of order 3 × 3 such that

P ≠ Q, P 3 = Q3 , and P 2 Q = Q2 P, then find det. P 2 + Q2 .
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2014 (Paper 1)]

Let M and N be two 3 × 3 matrices such that MN = NM. Further, if M ≠ N2 and M 2 = N4 ,

then

A determinant of M2 + MN2 is 0

B there is a 3 × 3 non-zero matrix U such that M 2 + MN2 U is zero matrix

C determinant of M2 + MN2 ≥ 1

D for a 3 × 3 matrix U, if M 2 + MN2 U equals the zero matrix, then U is the zero
matrix

Ans. A, B
QUESTION [IIT-JEE 2011]

Let M and N be two 3 × 3 non-singular skew symmetric matrices such that MN = NM. If
P ⊤ denotes the transpose of P, then M2 N2 M ⊤ N −1 MN −1 ⊤ is equal to

A M2

B −N2

C −M2

D MN

Ans. C
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (9 April)]

1 3
Let B = and A be a 2 × 2 matrix such that
1 5
AB–1 = A–1. If BCB–1 = A and C 4 + αC 2 + βI = O, then 2β − α is equal to

A 16

B 10

C 8

D 2

Ans. B
QUESTION

If A is square matrix of order 2 × 2 such that A2 + A + 2I = O, then which of the

following is INCORRECT?

A A is non-singular

B A2 + A + I = (A − I)−1 (A + I)2

C A − I is non-invertible

1
D A−1 = − (A + I).
2

(Where I is unit matrix of order 2

and O is null matrix of order 2)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (4 April)]

1 3
Let A be a 2 × 2 symmetric matrix such that A = and the determinant of A be 1. If
1 7
A−1 = αA + βI, where I is an identity matrix of order 2 × 2, then α + β equals ________

Ans. 5
QUESTION

1 2 3 −2 0 1
If the Inverse of the Matrix 2 3 4 is 0 3 −2 .
3 4 6 1 −2 1
Then using matrix method, solve the following system of equations:
x + 2y + 3z = 8,
2x + 3y + 4z = 12,
3x + 4y + 6z = 17
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (8 April)]

If the system of equations

x + 4y − z = λ,
7x + 9y + μz = −3,
5x + y + 2z = −1
has infinitely many solutions, then (2μ + 3λ) is equal to:

A –2

B 2

C 3

D –3
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2023]

Let M = aij , i, j ∈ {1,2,3}, be the 3 × 3 matrix such that aij = 1 if j + 1 is divisible by i,

otherwise aij = 0. Then which of the following statements is(are) true?

A M is invertible

a1 a1 −a1
B There exists a nonzero column matrix a2 such that M a2 = −a2
a3 a3 −a3
0
C The set X ∈ ℝ3 : MX = 0 ≠ {0}, where 0 = 0
0

D The matrix (M − 2I) is invertible, where I is the 3 × 3 identity matrix

QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023]

Let A be a n × n matrix such that |A| = 2. If the determinant of the matrix

adj 2 ⋅ adj 2A−1 is 284 , then n is equal to

Ans. 5
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (6 April)]

If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that det(A) = 3 and

det adj −4 adj −3 adj 3 adj (2A)−1 = 2m 3n , then m + 2n is equal to:

A 2

B 4

C 3

D 6

Ans. B
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2025 (8 April)]

2 2+p 2+p+q
Let A = 4 6 + 2p 8 + 3p + 2q . If det adj adj 3A = 2m ⋅ 3n , m, n ∈ ℕ, then m
6 12 + 3p 20 + 6p + 3q
+ n is equal to

A 22

B 20

C 24

D 26

Ans. C
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (5 April)]

Let A and B be two square matrices of order 3 such that |A| = 3 and |B| = 2. Then
AT A(adj(2A))−1 (adj(4B))(adj(AB))−1 AAT is equal to :

A 32

B 81

C 64

D 108

Ans. C
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (29 Jan)]

1 2 2
Let A be a square matrix such that AAT = I. Then A A+ AT + A− AT is equal to
2

A A2 + AT

B A3 + I

C A3 + AT

D A2 + I

Ans. C
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (1 Feb)]

2 1 1 0
If A = ,B = , C = ABAT and X = AT C 2 A, then det X is equal to:
−1 2 1 1

A 243

B 729

C 27

D 891

Ans. B
 Home Challenge - 10

(−1) α 2β
If A3×3 = −2 then value of: adj 2(3A)−1 ⋅ (4A)−1 ⋅ adj(adj A) = γ . Then find
3
minimum value of α + β + γ = __________. (where α, β, γ ∈ N)
 Mathematics

Lecture - 13

By – Ashish Agarwal Sir

(IIT Kanpur)
1. A & B are two square matrices of same order such that AB = O then
(i) if A is non singular i.e. |A| ≠ 0 ⇒ _____________________

(ii) if B is non singular i.e. |B| ≠ 0 ⇒ _____________________

(iii) if A is not a null matrix than ⇒ _____________________

(iv) If B is not a null matrix then ⇒ _____________________

(v) if A & B both are not null matrices ⇒ _____________________

2. a1 x + b1 y + c1 z = d1
a2 x + b2 y + c2 z = d2
a3 x + b3 y + c3 z = d3
then AX = B where A = ___________, X = ___________, B = ____________
Also system of equation has a
(i) unique solution if ______________________ & X = ______________________
(ii) no solution if ______________________
(iii) infinitely many solution if ______________________
 −1
3. diag k1 k 2 k 3 … k n = ______________________ where k i ≠ 0 ∀ 1 ≤ i ≤ n.

4. A square matrix 'A' is nilpotent if _________________ and has index _______________

5. Trace of a nilpotent matrix is __________________________

6. Index of a nilpotent matrix is _______________________

7. If A is involutary matrix A2n = ____________________, A2n+1 = __________________

QUESTION

If A is square matrix of order 2 × 2 such that A2 + A + 2I = O, then which of the

following is INCORRECT?

A A is non-singular

B A2 + A + I = (A − I)−1 (A + I)2

C A − I is non-invertible

1
D A−1 = − (A + I).
2

(Where I is unit matrix of order 2

and O is null matrix of order 2)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (9 April)]

1 3
Let B = and A be a 2 × 2 matrix such that
1 5
AB–1 = A–1. If BCB–1 = A and C 4 + αC 2 + βI = O, then 2β − α is equal to

A 16

B 10

C 8

D 2

Ans. B
 Home Challenge - 10

(−1) α 2β
If A3×3 = −2 then value of: adj 2(3A)−1 ⋅ (4A)−1 ⋅ adj(adj A) = γ . Then find
3
minimum value of α + β + γ = __________. (where α, β, γ ∈ N)
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (4 April)]

1 3
Let A be a 2 × 2 symmetric matrix such that A = and the determinant of A be 1. If
1 7
A−1 = αA + βI, where I is an identity matrix of order 2 × 2, then α + β equals ________

Ans. 5
 Characteristic Equation of a Square Matrix

Let A be any square matrix, then the equation |A – I| = 0 is called characteristic
equation of A and the value of  satisfying it are called characteristic roots of A.
QUESTION

1 0 0
Find the characteristic equation of square matrix A = 0 2 1
2 0 3
QUESTION

1 0 0
Find the characteristic equation of square matrix A = 0 2 1
2 0 3
QUESTION

3 1
Find the characteristic equation of the matrix A =
4 2
Also verify Cayley Hamilton Theorem.
QUESTION

2 1 0
If A = 0 2 1 and A3 = (aA − bI)(cA − di) (where a, b, c, d are scalars), then find
0 1 1
a + b + c + d.
1
Also Show: A−1 = A2 −5A + 7I
2
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2023 (8 April)]

1 5
If A = , A−1 = αA + βI and α + β = −2, then 4α2 + β2 + λ2 is equal to:
λ 10

A 12

B 10

C 19

D 14
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2016 (10 April)]

−4 −1
If A = , then the determinant of the matrix A2016 − 2A2015 − A2014 is :
3 1

A 2014

B –175

C 2016

D –25

Ans. D
QUESTION [IIT-JEE 2005]

1 0 0 1 0 0
1
A = 0 1 1 , I = 0 1 0 and A = A2 + CA + dI , then the value of c and d are
−1
6
0 −2 4 0 0 1

A –6, –11

B 6, 11

C –6, 11

D 6, –11
QUESTION

a b 1
1
Let A = 2 1 3 and A = 5A − A2 then
−1
3
1 c 2

A A =3

B A = −3

C Tr A = 5

D Tr A = a + b + c
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2024 (8 April)]

2 a 0
Let A = 1 3 1 . If A3 = 4A2 − A − 21I, where I is the identity matrix of order 3 × 3,
0 5 b
then 2a + 3b is equal to

A –10

B –12

C –13

D –9

Ans. C
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (27 July)]

4 −2
Let A = . If A2 + γA + 18I = O, then det(A) is equal to
α β

A –18

B 18

C –50

D 50
QUESTION

1 −1 0
1
Show that A−1 = −A2 + 2A + 3I where matrix A = −1 2 1 .
4
2 1 −1
QUESTION [JEE Mains 2022 (27 July)]

1 2
Let A = . Let α, β ∈ ℝ be such that αA2 + βA = 2I. Then α + β is equal to
−2 −5

A –10

B –6

C 6

D 10
QUESTION [IIT-JEE 2010]

Let k be a positive real number and let

2k − 1 2 k 2 k 0 2k − 1 k
A= 2 k 1 −2k and B = 1 − 2k 0 2 k .
−2 k 2k −1 − k −2 k 0
If det(adj A) + det (adj B) = 106, then [k] is equal to ___________
[Note: adj M denotes the adjoint of a square matrix M and [k] denotes the largest
integer less than or equal to k]

Ans. 4
QUESTION [WB JEE 2025]

If adj B = A, P = Q = 1, then adj Q−1 BP −1 =

A PQ

B QAP

C PAQ

D PA−1 Q

Ans. C
QUESTION [WB JEE 2025]

An n × n matrix is formed using 0, 1 and –1 as its elements. The number of such matrices
which are skew symmetric is

n n−1
A
2

B (n − 1)2

C 2n(n−1)/2

D 3n(n−1)/2

Ans. D
QUESTION [BITSAT 2023]

3 2 3 1 13 −3
Let A = 4 1 0 and 49B = −4 −3 12 . If B is the inverse of A, then the value of
2 5 1 α −11 −5
α is

A 0

B 18

C 20

D 5

Ans. B
QUESTION [BITSAT 2023]

sin θ − cos θ
If A = , then A(adj A)−1 equals to
cos θ sin θ

−1 0
A 0 −1
1 0
B 0 1
0 1
C 1 0
0 −1
D −1 0

Ans. B
QUESTION [BITSAT 2022]

1 −1 1 4 2 2
Let A = 2 1 −3 and 10B = −5 0 α . If B is the inverse of A, then the value
1 1 1 1 −2 3
of α is

A 4

B –4

C 3

D 5

Ans. D
QUESTION [MHT CET 2024 (11 May)]

2 1
If A = then A2 − 5A −1 is
7 4

1 −3 1
A −
4 7 −1
1 −3 1
B 4 7 −1
1 3 1
C 4 7 1
1 3 −1
D −4 7 −1

Ans. B
QUESTION [MHT CET 2024 (16 May)]

1 2
Let A = and A−1 = αI + βA, α, β ∈ ℝ, I is the identity matrix of order 2 then
−1 4
4(α − β) is

A 8/3

B 4

C 2

D 5

Ans. B
QUESTION [MHT CET 2024 (15 May)]

5a −b
If A = and A ⋅ adj A = AAT , then 5a + b is equal to
3 2

A –1

B 5

C 3

D 13

Ans. B
 Mathematics

Lecture - 14

By – Ashish Agarwal Sir

(IIT Kanpur)
QUESTION

If A and B are square matrices or order 3, where |A| = –2, |B| = –1, then find
A−1 adj B −1 adj 2A−1 .
QUESTION

If α and β are roots of the equation

1 5 1 5
0 10 0
2 1 −1 2 x 2 − 5x + 20 = [40]
1 25 1 2 0 1 x+2
−1 −1
2 2
then find the value of (1 − α)(1 − β).

Ans. 5
QUESTION

a b c bc − a2 ca − b2 ab − c 2
Let A = b c a and B = ca − b2 ab − c 2 bc − a2 be two non-singular matrices
c a b ab − c 2 bc − a2 ac − b2
such that A2 − 2I B = O where a > b > c > 0, then which of the following statement(s)
is(are) correct?

A Tr ⋅ AB = 6 2

B Tr ⋅ AB = −6 2

C det A − 2B = 54 2

D det A − 2B = −54 2
Ans. B, D
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2019 (Paper 1)]

4 2
Let M = sin θ −1 − sin θ = αI + βM −1 , where α = α(θ) and β = β(θ) are real
1 + cos 2 θ cos4 θ
numbers, and I is the 2 × 2 identity matrix. If α⋆ is the minimum of the set
{α(θ): θ ∈ [0, 2π)} and {β(θ): θ ∈ [0, 2π)}, then the value of α⋆ + β⋆ is

17
A −
16
31
B −
16
37
C −
16
29
D −
16
Ans. D
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2017 (Paper 1)]

Which of the following is (are) NOT the square of a 3 × 3 matrix with real entries?

1 0 0
A 0 1 0
0 0 −1
1 0 0
B 0 −1 0
0 0 −1
−1 0 0
C 0 −1 0
0 0 −1
1 0 0
D 0 1 0
0 0 1
Ans. A, C
QUESTION

Let S be the set which contains all possible values of 𝑙, m, n, p, q, r for which
𝑙2 − 3 p 0
A= 0 m2 − 8 q be a non-singular idempotent matrix. Find the absolute
r 0 n2 − 15
value of sum of the products of elements of the set S taken two at a time.

Ans. 29
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2013 (Paper 2)]

Let  be a complex cube root of unity with   1 and P[pij] be an n × n matrix with
pij = i+j. Then, P2  0, when n = ?

A 57

B 55

C 58

D 56

Ans. B, C, D
QUESTION [JEE Advanced 2019 (Paper 2)]

1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
Let P1 = I = 0 1 0 , P2 = 0 0 1 , P3 = 1 0 0 , P4 = 0 0 1 ,
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
6
0 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 3
P5 = 1 0 0 , P6 = 0 1 0 and X = ෍ Pk 1 0 2 PkT
0 1 0 1 0 0 k=1 3 2 1
Where PkT denotes the transpose of the matrix Pk . Then which of the following options
is/are correct?
A X is a symmetric matrix

B X − 30I is an invertible matrix

1 1
C If X 1 = α 1 , then α = 30
1 1
D The sum of diagonal entries of X is 18 Ans. A, C, D
 Home Challenge - 11

1 2 0
There exist a matrix Q such that PQPT = N where P = 2 1 0 . Given N is a diagonal
0 0 1
matrix of the form N = dia n1 , n2 , n3 where n1 , n2 and n3 are roots of the equation
det P − nI = 0 n1 < n2 < n3 then find the following:
1. det(adj N)
2. Find the Matrix Q
3. tr P2024

1
0 0
3
Ans. 9, Q = 0 1
−3 0 ,3
2024 + 2

0 0 3
Board Bumper Practice Problems

1 −1 0 2 2 −4
1. If A = 2 3 4 and B = −4 2 −4 are two square matrices, find AB and
0 1 2 2 −1 5
hence solve the system of linear equations: [CBSE 2010, 2012]
x – y = 3, 2x + 3y + 4z = 17, y + 2z = 7
[Ans. (x = 2, y = –1, z = 4]

2 −3 5
2. If A = 3 2 −4 , find A−1 and hence solve the system of linear equations:
1 1 −2
2x − 3y + 5z = 11, 3x + 2y − 4z = −5, x + y − 2z = −3
[CBSE 2007, 2009, 2012, 2018, 2020]

[Ans. x = 1, y = 2, z = 3]
Board Bumper Practice Problems

1 2 5
3. Find A−1 , if A = 1 −1 −1 . Hence, solve the following system of linear
2 3 −1
equations: [CBSE 2010, 2012]
x + 2y + 5z = 10, x − y − z = −2, 2x + 3y − z = −11 [Ans. x = −1, y = −2, z = 3]

1 −2 0
4. If A = 2 −1 −1 , find A−1 and use it to solve the following system of equations:
0 −2 1
x − 2y = 10, 2x − y − z = 8, −2y + z = 7 [CBSE 2024]
[Ans. x = 6, y = 42, z = 50]
−1 a 2 1 −1 1
5. If A = 1 2 x and A−1 = −8 7 −5 , find the value of (a + x) − (b + y).
3 1 1 b y 3
[CBSE 2024]
[Ans. 3]
QUESTION KTK

0 2q r
1. Let A = p q −r . If AAT = I3 , then |p| is:
p −q r
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) [Ans. C]
5 3 2 6

5! 6! 7!
1
2. If A = 6! 7! 8! , then adj adj 2A is equal to
5!6!7!
7! 8! 9!
(A) 212 (B) 220 (C) 28 (D) 216 [Ans. D]

3. If A is a 3 × 3 matrix and |A| = 2, then 3 adj |3A|A2 is equal to

(A) 312 ⋅ 610 (B) 311 ⋅ 610 (C) 312 ⋅ 611 (D) 310 ⋅ 611 [Ans. B]
QUESTION KTK

4. Let S denote the set of all real values of λ such that the system of equations
λx + y + z = 1
x + λy + z = 1
x + y + λz = 1
is inconsistent, then ෌λ∈S |λ|2 + |λ| is equal to
[Ans. D]
(A) 12 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6

1 log x y log x z
5. Let x, y, z > 1 and A = log y x 2 log y z . Then adj adjA2 is equal to
log z x log z y 3
(A) 64 (B) 28 (C) 48 (D) 24 [Ans. B]

6. If A and B are two non-zero n × n matrices such that A2 + B = A2 B, then

(A) A2 B = I (B) A2 = I or B = I (C) A2 B = BA2 (D) AB = I [Ans. C]
QUESTION KTK 7

3 1
If A = and Bp is another matrix defined as
4 2
Bp = (Ap) (adj (adj (...... (adj A)))
where adj is written p times, p ∈ N, then identify the correct statement(s)

A Tr B1 = 4

B det B2 = 8
∞

C ෍ det BP−1 = 1
p=1

D adj ∙ adj B2 = A3

Ans. A, B, D
QUESTION KTK 8

7 1
3 0 8 2 2
If X = &Y= & Z = Y T XY.
3 3 −1 7
2 2 8

If M = YZ 2024 Y T where M = mij is a (2 × 2) matrix then find the value of

m21 − m11 − m22
λ= 2024
.
3

Ans. 2022