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Chopper_Operations_and_Control

Choppers are classified into types based on their quadrant operations, including Type A for forward motoring, Type B for regenerative braking, and Type E for bidirectional power flow. Control techniques such as Time Ratio Control (TRC) and Current Limit Control (CLC) are used to manage output voltage and current. Additionally, step-up choppers increase DC voltage for applications like electric vehicles, while multiphase choppers enhance performance in high-power applications.

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Harsha Patil
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2 views2 pages

Chopper_Operations_and_Control

Choppers are classified into types based on their quadrant operations, including Type A for forward motoring, Type B for regenerative braking, and Type E for bidirectional power flow. Control techniques such as Time Ratio Control (TRC) and Current Limit Control (CLC) are used to manage output voltage and current. Additionally, step-up choppers increase DC voltage for applications like electric vehicles, while multiphase choppers enhance performance in high-power applications.

Uploaded by

Harsha Patil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chopper Circuits and Control Techniques

Quadrant Operations of Choppers

Choppers are classified into different types based on their quadrant operation in the voltage-current

(V-I) plane:

1. Type A Chopper (First Quadrant): Operates with positive output voltage and current. Used for

motoring mode in forward direction.

2. Type B Chopper (Second Quadrant): Positive voltage, negative current. Used for regenerative

braking.

3. Type C Chopper (First and Second Quadrants): A combination of Type A and Type B choppers.

4. Type D Chopper (First and Fourth Quadrants): Capable of working with positive/negative current

and voltage.

5. Type E Chopper (All Four Quadrants): Used in applications requiring bidirectional power flow

(e.g., electric traction).

Control Techniques for Choppers - TRC and CLC

1. Time Ratio Control (TRC): In this method, the output voltage is controlled by varying the on and

off times of the switch. There are two types:

a. Constant Frequency System: The on-time varies while keeping total time constant.

b. Variable Frequency System: Both on and off times vary, changing the frequency.

2. Current Limit Control (CLC): The switch is turned ON/OFF to maintain current within a specified

range using feedback.

Detailed Analysis of Type A Chopper

- A Type A chopper works in the first quadrant (positive voltage and current).

- Operation: When the switch is ON, the supply is connected to the load, and energy is transferred.

When OFF, the diode provides a freewheeling path.

- Output voltage: V_out = D × V_s (D is the duty cycle).


- Used in applications requiring forward motoring only.

Step-Up Chopper (Boost Converter)

- Used to increase the DC output voltage above the input.

- Operation: When the switch is ON, the inductor stores energy. When OFF, the energy is

transferred to the output via diode.

- Output voltage: V_out = V_in / (1 - D), where D is the duty cycle.

- Applications: Electric vehicles, renewable energy systems.

Multiphase Chopper

- Multiphase choppers use multiple interleaved switches to reduce current ripple.

- Advantages:

* Reduced ripple current and voltage.

* Better thermal performance.

* Higher efficiency and power handling.

- Common in high-power applications like DC motor drives and power supplies.

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