UNIT-VI
1. What are logic gates?
Logic gates are the fundamental digital circuits. They are used to represent different digital
signals using binary codes. NOT, AND, and OR gates are the basic logic gates. NAND,
NOR, EX-OR and EX-NOR are derived from the basic gets mentioned above.
2. Explain NOT, AND and AND gates?
A NOT gate carries out logical negation on the given signal. If the input signal is false, then
the output signal will be true.
An AND gate carries out logical conjunction. It gives a low output when low input is
processed through the AND gate, and it gives a high output when high input is applied.
OR gate performs logical disjunction. When one of the two input signals are high, the output
signal will also be high. If both input signals are not high, it results in a low output signal.
3. What is meant by a universal gate?
A universal gate is a logic gate that can perform any Boolean function without the need for
any other type of gate.
4. What are the two universal gates?
NOR and NAND are the two universal gates.
5. What is a binary number system?
The binary number system uses only digits 0 and 1 to represent numbers or data. As there are
only two digits, this is known as the “base-2 number system”.
6. Give the logic expression for sum and carry in full adder circuit.
Sum= (A⊕B)⊕Cin Carry=AB+BCin+A Cin
Give the logic expression for sum and carry in full adder circuit.
Sum= (A⊕B)⊕Cin Carry=AB+BCin+A Cin
7. What is the difference between Latch And Flip-flop?
The difference between latches and Flip-flop is that the latches are level triggered and flip-
flops are edge triggered. In latches level triggered means that the output of the latches
changes as we change the input and edge triggered means that control signal only changes its
state when goes from low to high or high to low.
Latches are fast whereas flip-flop is slow.
8. How many types of number system are there?
There are four types of number system:
1. Decimal Number System.
2. Binary Number System.
3. Octal Number System.
4. Hexadecimal Number System.
9. Write the definition of the Duality Theorem?
Duality Theorem states that we can derive another Boolean expression with the existing
Boolean expression by:
1. Changing OR operation (+ Sign) to AND operation (. Dot Sign) and vice versa.
2. Complimenting 0 and 1 in the expression by changing 0 to 1 and 1 to 0 respectively.
10. What are the differences between Combinational Circuits and Sequential Circuits?
The differences between combinational and sequential circuits are as follows:
S.No Combinational Circuits Sequential Circuits
1. These are faster in speed. These are slower.
2. These are easy to design. These are difficult to design.
3. The clock input is not required. The clock input is required.
4. In this, the memory units are not In this, the memory units are required to
required. store the previous values of inputs.
5. Example: Mux, Demux, encoder, Example: Shift registers, counters.
decoder, adders, subtractors.
11. What are the applications of Flip-Flops?
The applications of flip-flops are:
1. Flip-flops are used as the delay element.
2. These are used for Data transfer.
3. Flip-flops are used in Frequency Division and Counting.
4. Flip-Flops are used as the memory element.
12. A register is defined as ___________
A register is defined as the group of flip-flops suitable for storing binary information. Each
flip-flop is a binary cell capable of storing one bit of information. The data in a register can
be transferred from one flip-flop to another.
