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Emetics and Antiemetics Summary Clean

Emetics are drugs that induce vomiting, used primarily in certain types of poisoning, while contraindicated in children and unconscious patients. Antiemetics are classified into several categories, including anticholinergics, antihistamines, 5-HT receptor antagonists, prokinetic agents, neuroleptics, cannabinoids, and adjuvant antiemetics, each with specific uses and side effects. The document provides a summary table detailing the drug classes, their uses, and associated side effects.

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5 views3 pages

Emetics and Antiemetics Summary Clean

Emetics are drugs that induce vomiting, used primarily in certain types of poisoning, while contraindicated in children and unconscious patients. Antiemetics are classified into several categories, including anticholinergics, antihistamines, 5-HT receptor antagonists, prokinetic agents, neuroleptics, cannabinoids, and adjuvant antiemetics, each with specific uses and side effects. The document provides a summary table detailing the drug classes, their uses, and associated side effects.

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klelyzadcosta01
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Summary: Emetics and Antiemetics

Summary of Emetics and Antiemetics

Emetics

- Definition: Drugs that induce vomiting.

- Examples: Mustard, common salt, ipecac syrup, apomorphine.

- Indications: Used in certain types of poisoning.

- Contraindications:

1. Children

2. Unconscious patients

3. Corrosive/caustic poisoning

4. CNS stimulant poisoning

5. Kerosene or morphine poisoning

Mechanism of Vomiting

- Controlled by vomiting center in medulla.

- Stimuli from:

- Peripheral: GIT, blood, vestibular system

- Central: Cortex, CTZ

- Neurotransmitters: ACh, Histamine (H), Dopamine (D), Serotonin (5-HT)

Antiemetics

Used to prevent/control vomiting.

Classification:

1. Anticholinergics

- Examples: Scopolamine, dicyclomine

- Use: Motion sickness

- Side effects: Sedation, dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention


Summary: Emetics and Antiemetics

2. Antihistamines (H-blockers)

- Examples: Dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, promethazine, meclizine

- Use: Morning/motion sickness

- Side effects: Drowsiness, dry mouth

3. 5-HT Receptor Antagonists

- Examples: Ondansetron, granisetron

- Use: Chemo/post-op vomiting

- Side effects: Headache, dizziness, diarrhoea

4. Prokinetic Agents

- Examples: Metoclopramide, domperidone

- Mechanism: D receptor antagonists (also 5-HT by metoclopramide)

- Uses: GERD, postop vomiting, gastroparesis, intractable hiccups

- Side effects: EPS (mostly metoclopramide), dizziness, diarrhoea

5. Neuroleptics

- Examples: Chlorpromazine, haloperidol

- Use: Drug-induced and uremic vomiting

- Side effects: EPS, sedation, hypotension

6. Cannabinoids

- Example: Dronabinol

- Use: Refractory chemo-induced vomiting

- Side effects: Sedation, hallucinations, drug dependence

7. Adjuvant Antiemetics

- Glucocorticoids: Dexamethasone, betamethasone

- Benzodiazepines: Lorazepam, alprazolam

Summary Table
Summary: Emetics and Antiemetics

| Drug Class | Uses | Side Effects |

|--------------------|----------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|

| Anticholinergics | Motion sickness | Sedation, dry mouth, blurred vision |

| Antihistamines | Motion, morning sickness | Drowsiness, dryness |

| 5-HT antagonists | Cancer, radiation, post-op vomiting | Headache, dizziness, diarrhoea |

| Prokinetics | GERD, gastroparesis, postop vomiting | EPS, diarrhoea, headache |

| Neuroleptics | Drug-induced vomiting | EPS, sedation, hypotension |

| Cannabinoids | Chemo-vomiting not responding to others| Hallucinations, dependence |

| Glucocorticoids | Adjuvant in chemo-vomiting | Metabolic effects |

| Benzodiazepines | Psychogenic vomiting | Sedation, drowsiness |

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