1. What was used before operating systems were developed?

a) Only machine language programs

b) Human operators, punched cards, and switches

c) High-level programming languages

d) Graphical user interfaces

2. What was the main motivation for developing operating systems?

a) To make computers more colorful

b) To replace human operators and increase execution speed

c) To create video games

d) To develop internet connectivity

3. Which problem did batch processing solve?

a) Computer overheating

b) Manual switching between programs by human operators

c) Lack of programming languages

d) Slow internet speeds

4. What was the significance of time-sharing systems?

a) They allowed multiple users to share a single computer simultaneously

b) They made computers smaller

c) They introduced the first computer games

d) They created the first programming languages

5. What was Multics?

 a) The first video game

b) An early operating system developed by MIT, GE, and Bell Labs

c) The first personal computer

d) A programming language

6. Who was the leader of the Multics development team?

a) Linus Torvalds

b) Dennis Ritchie

c) Fernando J. Corbato

d) Bill Gates

7. Why did Bell Labs withdraw from the Multics project?

a) They thought it wouldn't benefit their communications focus

b) The project was too expensive

c) They wanted to work on personal computers

d) The technology wasn't advanced enough

8. What was UNICS?

a) The first version of Unix

b) A competitor to Multics

c) The first personal computer OS

d) A programming language

9. Who developed UNICS?

a) Bill Gates
 b) Ken Thompson

c) Linus Torvalds

d) Steve Jobs

10. Why was Unix rewritten in C language?

a) To make it more portable

b) To make it run faster

c) To add graphics capabilities

d) To make it compatible with Windows

11. What was BSD?

a) A version of Unix developed at Berkeley

b) The first Windows operating system

c) A programming language

d) An early computer hardware standard

12. Who added virtual memory to BSD?

a) Ken Thompson

b) Dennis Ritchie

c) Bill Joy

d) Ozlap Babaoğlu

13. What was CP/M?

a) The first operating system for personal computers

b) The first version of Windows

 c) A programming language

d) A computer hardware standard

14. Who created CP/M?

a) Bill Gates

b) Gary Kildall

c) Tim Paterson

d) Steve Jobs

15. What was 86-DOS?

a) The basis for MS-DOS

b) The first version of Windows

c) A competitor to CP/M

d) A programming language

16. Who created 86-DOS?

a) Bill Gates

b) Tim Paterson

c) Gary Kildall

d) Steve Jobs

17. What was the significance of operating systems for programmers?

a) They no longer needed to think about hardware specifics

b) They could use only machine language

c) They had to learn more about hardware

 d) They could stop using high-level languages

18. Which feature was introduced by Multics and still exists in modern OS?

a) File hierarchy

b) Touchscreen support

c) Cloud storage

d) Virtual reality

19. What did Linus Torvalds develop?

a) The Linux kernel

b) Windows NT

c) MacOS

d) The first personal computer

20. What was the main advantage of time-sharing systems?

a) Multiple users could work on the same computer simultaneously

b) Computers became smaller

c) Programming became unnecessary

d) Internet speeds increased

## Process Concepts (20 questions)

21. What is a process?

a) A computer hardware component

b) A program in execution

c) A type of memory

d) A programming language
22. What is contained in a process's text section?

a) Global variables

b) The executable code

c) Local variables

d) Dynamic memory allocations

23. Where are local variables stored?

a) Text section

b) Data section

c) Stack

d) Heap

24. What is the heap used for?

a) Storing executable code

b) Dynamic memory allocation

c) Storing global variables

d) Storing function parameters

25. What happens when a function is called?

a) An activation record is pushed onto the stack

b) Memory is allocated on the heap

c) Global variables are modified

d) The text section grows

26. What is the difference between a program and a process?

a) A program is passive, a process is active

b) A program is active, a process is passive

c) They are the same thing

d) A program is hardware, a process is software

27. What information is contained in a PCB?

a) Process state and program counter

b) Only the process name

c) Only memory information

d) Only scheduling information

28. What is the "new" process state?

a) The process is being created

b) The process is running

c) The process is waiting for I/O

d) The process has terminated

29. What is the "ready" process state?

a) The process is waiting to be assigned to a processor

b) The process is running

c) The process is waiting for I/O

d) The process has terminated

30. What is the "waiting" process state?

 a) The process is waiting for some event (like I/O)

b) The process is running

c) The process is ready to execute

d) The process has terminated

31. What is degree of multiprogramming?

a) The number of processes in memory

b) The speed of the CPU

c) The amount of RAM available

d) The number of processors in a system

32. What is an I/O-bound process?

a) A process that spends more time doing I/O than computations

b) A process that never does I/O

c) A process that only does computations

d) A process that manages I/O devices

33. What is a CPU-bound process?

a) A process that generates I/O requests frequently

b) A process that spends more time doing computations than I/O

c) A process that only does I/O

d) A process that manages the CPU

34. What is the ready queue?

a) Processes waiting for I/O

 b) Processes ready and waiting to execute

c) Terminated processes

d) New processes being created

35. What is a wait queue?

a) Processes waiting for an event (like I/O)

b) Processes ready to execute

c) Terminated processes

d) New processes being created

36. What is context in process scheduling?

a) The set of CPU register values and process state data

b) The process name

c) The amount of memory used

d) The process priority

37. What happens during a context switch?

a) The current process's state is saved and another is loaded

b) A process is terminated

c) Memory is allocated

d) I/O operations begin

38. Why is context switch time considered overhead?

a) Because it does useful work

b) Because no useful work is done during switching

 c) Because it improves performance

d) Because it allocates memory

39. What is stored when saving a process's context?

a) Only the program counter

b) CPU registers and process state

c) Only memory information

d) Only I/O information

40. What is the purpose of the dispatcher?

a) To give CPU control to the selected process

b) To terminate processes

c) To manage memory

d) To handle I/O operations

## CPU Scheduling (20 questions)

41. What is CPU scheduling?

a) The basis of multiprogramming operating systems

b) A memory management technique

c) A file system organization method

d) A power management feature

42. What is a CPU burst?

a) A period of I/O activity

b) A period of CPU execution

c) When the CPU overheats

 d) When the CPU is idle

43. When does CPU scheduling occur?

a) Only when a process terminates

b) When a process changes state (running to wait, etc.)

c) Only during system startup

d) Only when requested by the user

44. What is nonpreemptive scheduling?

a) Processes can be interrupted at any time

b) Processes run until they terminate or wait for I/O

c) Only used in modern systems

d) Requires frequent context switches

45. What is preemptive scheduling?

a) Processes cannot be interrupted

b) Processes can be interrupted before completing

c) Only used in batch systems

d) Doesn't use context switching

46. What is the dispatcher's function?

a) Memory management

b) Giving CPU control to the selected process

c) File management

d) User authentication
47. What is dispatch latency?

a) Time to stop one process and start another

b) Time to allocate memory

c) Time to complete I/O

d) Time to load a program

48. What is CPU utilization?

a) Keeping the CPU as busy as possible

b) Minimizing CPU usage

c) Measuring CPU temperature

d) Counting CPU cores

49. What is throughput?

a) Number of processes completed per time unit

b) CPU speed

c) Memory capacity

d) Disk space

50. What is turnaround time?

a) Time from process arrival to termination

b) Time between I/O operations

c) Time to switch processes

d) Time to load a program

51. What is waiting time?

a) Time process spends waiting in ready queue

b) Time for I/O operations

c) Time to terminate a process

d) Time to create a process

52. What is response time?

a) Time from submission to first response

b) Time to complete execution

c) Time between I/O operations

d) Time to switch processes

53. What is FCFS scheduling?

a) Shortest job first

b) First come, first served

c) Priority-based

d) Round-robin

54. What is the convoy effect?

a) Short processes wait behind long ones in FCFS

b) Processes run too quickly

c) Too many context switches

d) Memory fragmentation

55. What is SJF scheduling?

 a) First come, first served

b) Shortest job first

c) Priority-based

d) Round-robin

56. What is priority scheduling?

a) Jobs run in order of arrival

b) Jobs run in order of size

c) Jobs run based on assigned priority

d) Jobs run in time slices

57. What is round-robin scheduling?

a) Each process gets equal CPU time in turns

b) Shortest jobs run first

c) Highest priority jobs run first

d) Jobs run to completion

58. What happens if time quantum is too large in RR?

a) It becomes like FCFS

b) Too many context switches

c) Processes get starved

d) Priority is ignored

59. What happens if time quantum is too small in RR?

a) Too many context switches

 b) It becomes like FCFS

c) Processes complete too quickly

d) Memory usage increases

60. How is response time in RR scheduling?

a) Poor for short processes

b) Good for all processes

c) Only good for long processes

d) Unpredictable

## Answer Key

1. b

2. b

3. b

4. a

5. b

6. c

7. a

8. a

9. b

10. a

11. a

12. d

13. a

14. b

15. a
16. b

17. a

18. a

19. a

20. a

21. b

22. b

23. c

24. b

25. a

26. a

27. a

28. a

29. a

30. a

31. a

32. a

33. b

34. b

35. a

36. a

37. a

38. b

39. b

40. a

41. a

42. b
43. b

44. b

45. b

46. b

47. a

48. a

49. a

50. a

51. a

52. a

53. b

54. a

55. b

56. c

57. a

58. a

59. a

60. b