Of Boys and Men PDF

Richard V. Reeves

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 Of Boys and Men
Addressing the Male Crisis in a Modernizing World
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About the book
In "Of Boys and Men," Richard V. Reeves delves into the
profound transformations affecting modern masculinity,
presenting a compelling and urgent exploration of the social,
economic, and cultural shifts that have left many boys and
men adrift. With meticulous research and poignant
storytelling, Reeves illuminates the prevailing challenges that
hinder male progress in education, the workforce, and personal
development, shedding light on the disparities that exist in
today's society. This timely investigation challenges
conventional narratives and invites readers to reconsider their
perspectives on gender dynamics, ultimately advocating for a
more inclusive approach that empowers both men and boys to
thrive in an egalitarian world. By blending insightful analysis
with human stories, Reeves creates a narrative that is not only
informative but also deeply engaging, making "Of Boys and
Men" an essential read for anyone concerned about the future
of our societies.

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About the author
Richard V. Reeves is a British-American social and economic
scholar known for his incisive analysis of contemporary
societal shifts and their implications on different
demographics. Currently a senior fellow at the Brookings
Institution, Reeves has earned a notable reputation for his
research on inequality, social mobility, and family dynamics.
His academic and professional journey includes significant
tenures at esteemed institutions like the London School of
Economics and the Centre for Economic Performance.
Throughout his career, Reeves has authored several
thought-provoking works, providing deep insights into
pressing issues such as education, economic opportunity, and
now, the evolving challenges faced by boys and men in
modern society. With a unique blend of rigorous analysis and
accessible prose, Reeves's work continues to influence
policymakers, scholars, and the public discourse.

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Summary Content List
Chapter 1 : GIRLS RULE

Chapter 2 : WORKING MAN BLUES

Chapter 3 : DISLOCATED DADS

Chapter 4 : DWIGHT’S GLASSES

Chapter 5 : CLASS CEILING

Chapter 6 : NON-RESPONDERS

Chapter 7 : MAKING MEN

Chapter 8 : PROGRESSIVE BLINDNESS

Chapter 9 : SEEING RED

Chapter 10 : REDSHIRT THE BOYS

Chapter 11 : MEN CAN HEAL

Chapter 12 : NEW DADS

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 Chapter 1 Summary : GIRLS RULE

Section Summary

Boys Are Behind in Significant gender gap in education with boys, especially Black boys and those from low-income
Education families, underperforming. The pandemic exacerbated issues like college enrollment and online
learning challenges.

Changing Gender Girls outperform boys at all levels globally, with higher academic achievements, GPAs, and graduation
Dynamics in rates. Literacy and verbal skills are areas where boys lag behind girls.
Education

Timing of Brain Boys' slower brain development leads to educational struggles, as maturity gaps widen, particularly
Development during adolescence, impacting impulse control and academic performance.

Increasing Gender Women are earning the majority of degrees at all levels, making gains in traditionally male-dominated
Gap in Higher fields, while men do not reciprocate in female-dominated areas.
Education

Affirmative Action Colleges are becoming more female-dominated, with some evidence of lower admission standards for
by Stealth men compared to women, raising concerns about equitable admissions practices.

Stop Outs and Men are more likely to drop out of college and express lower educational aspirations compared to
Dropouts women, contributing to lower graduation rates.

Conclusion Policy responses to boys' underperformance in education are slow. As gaps widen, it is essential for
policymakers to address these changes for equitable opportunities.

Boys Are Behind in Education

Carol Frances and others highlight the significant gender gap

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in education where boys are falling behind girls. Despite
efforts like Title IX, which aimed to promote gender
equality, boys are currently underperforming, especially
among Black boys and those from low-income families. This
educational disadvantage impacts their future employment
and economic mobility. Trends worsened during the
pandemic, with a more significant decline in male college
enrollment and challenges in online learning.

Changing Gender Dynamics in Education

In the past few decades, girls have outperformed boys at all

educational levels. In Finland, for instance, girls dominate
high reading levels. This trend is evident globally, with girls
showing higher academic achievement, better GPAs, and
more likelihood to graduate high school. As girls advance in
literacy and verbal skills, boys' performance in these areas
lag behind.

Timing of Brain Development

Boys' slower brain development contributes significantly to

their educational struggles. Differences in maturity between
boys and girls create a gap that widens at crucial educational

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stages. Boys often exhibit lower impulse control, affecting
their academic performance, particularly as they undergo
adolescence.

Increasing Gender Gap in Higher Education

The gender gap persists in higher education, with women

earning a majority of bachelor’s, master’s, and doctorate
degrees. Notably, women have made gains in fields
previously dominated by men, while men have not
reciprocated in traditionally female domains. This trend is
global, reflecting a shift in educational attainment.

Affirmative Action by Stealth

Colleges are becoming predominantly female environments,

with some evidence suggesting that admission standards for
men are lower than for women at selective institutions. This
raises questions about equitable admissions practices across
genders and how they impact future college completion rates.

Stop Outs and Dropouts

Men are more likely than women to drop out of college,

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facing numerous barriers to completion. Even after
controlling for various factors, male students express lower
aspirations for education than their female counterparts,
which could be a contributing factor to lower graduation
rates.

Conclusion

Despite a growing awareness of the underperformance of

boys and men in education, policy responses have been slow
to develop. As academic gaps continue to widen and reverse
historical trends, it is crucial for policymakers to recognize
and address the changing dynamics in education to create
equitable opportunities for both genders.

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Example
Key Point:The educational disadvantage facing boys,
especially those from marginalized backgrounds,
needs urgent attention.
Example:Imagine feeling like you’re two steps behind
your classmates in every subject at school. As you sit in
class, you notice how quickly your female peers grasp
complex topics, participate in discussions, and easily
achieve higher grades. You, on the other hand, struggle
to keep up, causing frustration and leading to a sense of
inferiority. This reality is particularly pronounced for
boys, especially those from low-income families or
minority backgrounds, who find themselves even further
behind, unable to catch up due to various systemic
barriers. If this continues, the implications extend
beyond school, affecting opportunities in jobs and
economic mobility later in life.

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Critical Thinking
Key Point:Boys' Educational Underperformance
Critical Interpretation:The chapter highlights a critical
issue regarding boys' underperformance in education,
which has provoked significant debate about the impact
of societal and developmental factors on academic
results. However, it is essential to question whether
attributing boys' educational struggles predominantly to
brain development differences and changing gender
dynamics is overly simplistic. Critics argue that
systemic issues, including economic disparity,
educational policies, and cultural expectations, play
substantial roles in shaping boys' academic experiences,
as suggested by sources like 'The Gender Gap in
Education' by the National Center for Education
Statistics. Furthermore, the perspective that focuses
solely on biological determinism may overlook the
potential for reform in educational methods and
curriculum to better support boys' learning styles. Such
discussions encourage a deeper exploration into
multifaceted environmental and social influences,
suggesting that the true reasons behind the educational
gap may be more complex than the author presents.

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 Chapter 2 Summary : WORKING MAN
BLUES
Section Summary

Men Are Losing The focus of economic inequality discussions is shifting to men, revealing significant challenges
Ground in the Labor such as detachment from paid work and stagnant wages, primarily due to structural issues rather than
Market individual failures.

MISSING MEN Labor force participation among men, especially young men (25-34 years), has decreased; 9 million
prime-aged men were not employed pre-COVID-19, with many opting out of the labor force
entirely.

ROBOTS AND Automation and global trade threaten jobs in male-dominated sectors like construction and
TRADE transportation, leading to a skills mismatch as the economy increasingly values emotional
intelligence.

BUT WHAT ABOUT The gender pay gap is complex, with overlapping wage distributions and various contributing
THAT GENDER PAY factors, including career choices and family responsibilities, impacting earnings.
GAP?

THE PAY GAP IS A The arrival of children significantly impacts women's wages, while childless adults have comparable
PARENTING GAP earnings; institutional factors may influence career progression differently for men and women.

THE $2 TRILLION Women's workforce participation has notably increased, aiding economic growth and partially
WOMAN offsetting men's economic decline, but challenges remain in their representation in leadership and
high-stakes roles.

Men Are Losing Ground in the Labor Market

In recent decades, the discussion around economic

inequalities has shifted focus from women and children to
men, revealing significant challenges faced by men in the
U.S. labor market. Many men are becoming detached from
paid work, while those who are employed experience
stagnant wages. The gender pay gap has narrowed, but this is
largely due to the decline in men's median pay rather than

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equal advancement. Structural issues in the labor market
contribute to these declining fortunes, not individual failings.

MISSING MEN

Men's labor force participation has decreased significantly,

with a notable drop among young men aged 25 to 34. Many
men, particularly those with only a high school education,
have exited the labor force altogether, leading to a
concerning statistic of 9 million prime-aged men not in
employment even before the COVID-19 pandemic. The
pandemic led to a temporary drop in employment for both
genders, yet recovery was swift and many previous trends
persisted.

ROBOTS AND TRADE

The job market for men is increasingly threatened by

automation and global trade, predominantly affecting
male-dominated occupations such as construction and
transportation. Men are more likely to lack the skills needed
in an economy that values emotional intelligence over
physical skills. The long-term shift towards service sectors
further complicates matters, as many of the growing jobs are

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traditionally occupied by women. Free trade has also
negatively affected manufacturing jobs, particularly in
specific U.S. regions.

BUT WHAT ABOUT THAT GENDER PAY GAP?

The gender pay gap is often misunderstood. While women

earn less than men on average, the wage distributions of both
genders overlap significantly. Factors such as career choices
and family responsibilities contribute to the pay gap, and the
impact of children has a particularly pronounced effect on
women's earnings.

THE PAY GAP IS A PARENTING GAP

Children play a central role in explaining the gender pay gap.

Initial evidence shows that for childless adults, earnings
between men and women are comparable. However, the
arrival of children disproportionately impacts women's
wages, often resulting in long-term economic disadvantage.
While maternal roles and choices contribute to wage
differences, institutional factors may also play a role in career
progression.

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THE $2 TRILLION WOMAN

Women’s workforce participation has surged, contributing

significantly to economic growth. The increase in women’s
earnings over the past few decades has partially mitigated the
economic decline experienced by many men. Though women
have made substantial advancements in various professions,
issues remain concerning their representation in leadership
and high-stakes fields. As men struggle to adapt to these
changes, the evolving economic dynamics have transformed
family and societal structures.

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Chapter 3 Summary : DISLOCATED
DADS

Fathers Have Lost Their Traditional Role in the

Family

In the mid-20th century, a shift occurred in societal attitudes

toward marriage and gender roles, illustrated by the
contrasting commencement speeches at Smith College from
Adlai Stevenson in 1955 and Gloria Steinem in 1971.
Stevenson emphasized the supportive role of wives, while
Steinem criticized marriage as a means of female
subjugation. The women's movement effectively advocated
for economic independence, rendering marriage less of a
necessity for women, thereby altering the dynamics of
familial roles.

Dads as Providers

Historically, men were defined as providers, a role that has

been culturally ingrained across many societies. However, as
women gained economic independence, this traditional

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model of fatherhood has remained stagnant, leading to what
is described as a "dad deficit." Many men are now struggling
to fulfill the breadwinner role while being unable to engage
in caregiving, creating a disconnect in their relationships with
children.

Bicycles in a World of Fish

Currently, women lead in breadwinning in many U.S.

households, shifting the paradigm away from husbands as
sole providers. This change has been accompanied by
evolving societal norms around marriage and motherhood,
resulting in a significant increase in non-marital births.
Despite advancements for women, men are increasingly
grappling with their identities as traditional breadwinners
lose significance.

Culture Lags Economics

While economic conditions have shifted dramatically,

cultural perceptions of masculinity have not evolved to
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societal and to
pressure
Audio leaving those who
be the primary financial providers,
struggle in the job market with diminished marriage

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 Chapter 4 Summary : DWIGHT’S
GLASSES
Section Summary

Black Boys and Dwight, a Black car salesman, exemplifies the unique challenges Black men face in America, including
Men Face Acute perceptions of danger and experiences with racism and sexism.
Challenges

Reverse Sexism The concept of intersectionality reveals how different forms of oppression affect both Black women and
men, emphasizing the distinct challenges faced by Black men as described by scholars like Tommy
Curry.

Hard Facts on Statistics indicate alarming rates of imprisonment, low marriage rates, and educational disparities
Black Men among Black boys and men, particularly from low-income backgrounds, compared to peers.

The Threat Black men face a dangerous stereotype leading to disproportionate policing and incarceration, with high
Stereotype father absence rates exacerbating socio-economic struggles.

The Black Family Black women often shoulder economic and caregiving burdens as single parents, while Black men feel
Under Stress pressured to be breadwinners amid declining job prospects.

Free Men Post-Ferguson initiatives aim to improve circumstances for Black boys and men, with the establishment
of the Commission on the Social Status of Black Men and Boys highlighting the need to address their
specific challenges.

Conclusion Dwight’s desire for his sons to live without fear illustrates the broader struggles of Black boys and men
and underscores the need for systemic change to address racism and gendered discrimination.

Black Boys and Men Face Acute Challenges

The author reflects on Dwight, a Black car salesman who

uses glasses as a strategy to appear less threatening,
highlighting the unique challenges Black men face in
America, particularly regarding perceptions of danger
associated with their masculinity. Dwight's experiences,
including being a victim of mistaken identity and frequent

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police encounters, showcase the deep-seated issues of racism
and sexism affecting Black men.

Reverse Sexism

The concept of intersectionality, introduced by Kimberlé

Crenshaw, is discussed as a framework that reveals how
different forms of oppression interact. While focused on
Black women, this perspective can also be applied to Black
men, emphasizing that their experiences of discrimination are
complex and multifaceted. The discussion includes insights
from scholars like Tommy Curry, who argues for a distinct
focus on the challenges facing Black men.

Hard Facts on Black Men

Statistics reveal the harsh realities faced by Black boys and

men, particularly those from low-income backgrounds in
areas like Rosemont, West Baltimore. The data show
alarming rates of imprisonment, low marriage rates, and
educational disparities compared to their peers. While Black
women have made strides in educational attainment, Black
men lag significantly behind, entering the workforce with
fewer qualifications and facing increased obstacles.

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The Threat Stereotype

Black men are perceived as dangerous, leading to

disproportionate rates of policing and incarceration. This
stereotype affects their everyday lives and social interactions,
creating a cycle of discrimination that exacerbates existing
inequalities. High rates of father absence further contribute to
the socio-economic struggles faced by Black boys and men,
with familial bonds and support systems deeply impacted by
systemic racism.

The Black Family Under Stress

Examining the family dynamics, the author notes that Black

women often bear a heavier economic and caregiving burden,
as they are more likely to be single parents compared to
women of other races. In economic terms, Black men feel
pressure to be breadwinners, which is complicated by their
declining job prospects and wages. This discussion highlights
the importance of addressing economic disparities without
positioning aid for Black men against the progress of Black
women.

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Free Men

Following the unrest after Michael Brown's death in

Ferguson, initiatives aimed at improving the circumstances
for Black boys and men, like the Race and Opportunity Lab,
emerged. Despite some progress, there remains a hesitancy to
directly address the specific challenges faced by Black males.
The creation of the Commission on the Social Status of
Black Men and Boys marks a crucial step towards
recognizing and remedying the unique obstacles they
confront in society.
In summation, Dwight's hope for his sons to be free from fear
encapsulates the broader struggles of Black boys and men,
reflecting a need for systemic change in addressing the
challenges rooted in racism and gendered discrimination.

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Chapter 5 Summary : CLASS CEILING

Poor Boys and Men Are Suffering

In this chapter, Richard V. Reeves highlights the concerning

trend of "deaths of despair," which includes mortality from
drug overdoses, suicides, and alcohol-related issues,
particularly affecting middle-aged, less-educated white men.
The phenomenon reflects broader social and economic
issues, particularly affecting the male population, who face a
"cumulative disadvantage," impacting their relationships,
employment, and overall well-being.

DEATHS OF DESPAIR

Reeves discusses the alarming rise in male suicides and

drug-related deaths, linking these crises to broader economic
decline and social disconnection. Many men are grappling
with loss of dignity due to poor job prospects, and the despair
often leads to substance abuse as a means of coping with
their situations. The narrative stresses the urgency of
understanding these deaths not merely as individual tragedies
but as indicative of larger social problems affecting men.

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FAMILY MISFORTUNES

The economic struggles of men have significantly impacted

families, with many women stepping in as primary earners.
This shift in family dynamics can lead to weakened
relationships, as women increasingly view men who are
economically unstable as less viable partners. The chapter
analyzes trends in marriage and family formation, showing
how economic factors influence relationships and contribute
to a growing class gap in marriage rates.

THE HAPHAZARD SELF

Reeves investigates the concept of "the haphazard self,"

where many working-class men struggle with the absence of
stable institutional frameworks that once defined
masculinity. Without clear roles and expectations, these men
often lack the direction and support necessary for personal
success, leading to disconnection and instability in their
lives.

ALL THE LONELY MEN

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The chapter explores the increasing social isolation among
men, noting a decline in male friendships and a rise in
loneliness. This isolation has profound implications for
mental health, with many men lacking the social support
networks that can provide crucial emotional and practical
assistance. The discussion includes comparisons with global
phenomena like the hikikomori trend in Japan, where
individuals withdraw entirely from society.

MALE ORCHIDS

Reeves contrasts the resilience of boys and girls under

adverse conditions, arguing that boys tend to suffer more
significantly from economic and social disadvantages.
Factors such as family instability and neighborhood
environments exacerbate these issues, indicating that boys
face a steeper hill to climb toward academic and economic
success than their female counterparts.

NEW GENDER ECONOMICS

Reeves calls for a re-evaluation of gender equality narratives,

stressing the need to recognize the unique challenges boys
and men face, particularly in less advantaged families. He

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argues for policies that address the factors contributing to
male disadvantage, highlighting that failure to do so risks
perpetuating cycles of poverty and inequality across
generations. By aligning the concerns of conservatives and
liberals, Reeves suggests that addressing male malaise could
foster bipartisan support for comprehensive solutions to
economic disparity.

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Example
Key Point:Cumulative disadvantage leads to despair
among less-educated men.
Example:Imagine a middle-aged man who once felt
proud of his job, but as automation took over his
factory, he found himself unemployed and struggling to
provide for his family. This loss of purpose makes him
question his worth, leading to isolation as he watches
friends turn to drugs and alcohol to cope with similar
fates. Alone, he feels abandoned by a society that once
valued his contributions, spiraling deeper into despair as
he tries to navigate a world that seems to have no place
for him anymore.

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Critical Thinking
Key Point:The rise of male suicides and deaths due
to despair reflects broader societal failures beyond
individual circumstances.
Critical Interpretation:Reeves’ emphasis on the
'cumulative disadvantage' faced by men highlights a
systemic problem, suggesting that societal structures
play a critical role in male vulnerability. However, this
perspective can be challenged as oversimplified,
ignoring the complexity of interpersonal relationships
and individual choices. Research from sources such as
the American Psychological Association and studies on
male mental health may provide alternative insights that
question the determinants of these trends and advocate
for a more nuanced understanding of mental health
issues facing men. It’s essential to approach Reeves'
conclusions with caution and consider various factors,
including emotional intelligence and social connections,
when analyzing male struggles.

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Chapter 6 Summary :
NON-RESPONDERS

Policies Aren’t Helping Boys and Men

In a discussion about the academic performance of men

versus women, Jonathan, a college junior, observes that
women are succeeding more in college primarily due to a
lack of motivation among men. Despite initiatives like the
Kalamazoo Promise, which offers free college tuition to local
students, men have not seen the same benefits as women,
with evaluations showing substantial increases in female
college completion rates, while men's rates remain stagnant.

Immune to Initiatives: Education

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Interviews with young men reveal a troubling trend where
social programs, including mentoring and support initiatives,
have notably helped women but failed to impact men
positively. Quamari's educational journey highlights the
struggles many young men face, such as lack of drive and
motivation. Research suggests male students often zigzag
through their college years compared to their female
counterparts, further illustrating gender disparities in
educational success. Initiatives like the Stay the Course
program have shown success for women but little to no effect
on men.
Several studies indicate that educational programs have
disproportionately benefited girls and women, including
preschool programs, summer reading initiatives, and
scholarship offerings. The consistent pattern suggests that
while programs aimed at improving educational outcomes
are available, they tend to be less effective for boys and men.

If You Can Make It Here: Work

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but yielded disappointing
results, making evident the limited effectiveness of wage

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Chapter 7 Summary : MAKING MEN

Nature and Nurture Both Matter

This chapter explores the intricate interplay between

biological sex differences and social influences, focusing on
how both aspects shape human behavior. Various cultural
creation myths highlight the fundamental male-female
dichotomy and how sex differences influence biology,
psychology, and behavior. Research indicates that while
biological sex differences exist in areas such as aggression,
risk-taking, and sex drive, culture and environment
significantly modulate these traits.

Key Themes:

1.
Sex Differences in Biology
:
- Biological variations manifest in aggression, risk
preferences, and sex drive, which are typically more
pronounced in males.
- Cognitive and developmental differences arise from these

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biological bases, such as earlier brain maturation in females.
2.
The Interaction of Nature and Nurture
:
- Sex differences are influenced by cultural context. For
instance, societal norms can either amplify or suppress
biological tendencies.
- Acknowledging both biological and social factors is
essential for understanding human behavior.
3.
Testosterone and Aggression
:
- Testosterone plays a critical role in male aggression,
which varies across cultures and times.
- While males generally display higher aggression levels,
this attribute does not solely arise from biology; societal
factors play a crucial role.
4.
Risk-Taking Behavior
:
- Historically and across cultures, men exhibit a higher
propensity for risk-taking, linked to their reproductive
strategies.
- The competitive adaptation of men leads them to take

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risks for potential reproductive advantages.
5.
Sexual Drive
:
- Men generally have a higher sex drive than women,
rooted in evolutionary biology that prioritizes procreation
opportunities.
- Cultural attitudes toward male sexuality reflect and shape
the expression of sexual desires.
6.
Cultural Influence
:
- The chapter emphasizes that culture shapes the expression
of biological differences and influences social behaviors and
identities.
- Marriage and familial structures have been shown to
influence male aggression and testosterone levels.
7.
Fragility of Manhood
:
- Masculinity is considered more socially constructed than
femininity, making manhood subject to societal pressures
and expectations.
- Rites of passage in various cultures indicate societal

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recognition of the challenges coming with the transition to
manhood.
8.
The STEM Paradox
:
- Insights on occupational choices reveal a gender-equality
paradox where women are less likely to pursue STEM fields
in more gender-equal societies.
- Women’s choices in careers reflect individual preferences
influenced by cultural context rather than mere socialization
or discrimination.
9.
Psychological Implications
:
- The American Psychological Association's guidelines on
masculinity have faced criticism for neglecting biological
influences on male psychology.
- A balanced perspective recognizing both biological and
social constructs is crucial for understanding gendered
behavior.
10.
Concluding Insights
:
- Effective maturity, shaped by cultural learning, is an

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essential part of transitioning from boyhood to manhood.
- Societal progress requires integrating acknowledgment of
biological differences while fostering positive cultural
behaviors and expectations.
Overall, this chapter underscores that while natural
differences exist between the sexes, both nature and nurture
are pivotal in shaping human behavior and identity. Clear
communication of these ideas allows for the potential to
celebrate individual choices and promote societal progress.

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Chapter 8 Summary : PROGRESSIVE
BLINDNESS

The Political Left Is in Denial

Toxic Masculinity in Schools

The author discusses the culture of "toxic masculinity" in an

affluent, liberal high school. An incident where a boy ranked
girls based on attractiveness led to widespread media
coverage and protests, framing the behavior as a symptom of
toxic masculinity, which the author argues is a problematic
label.

Pathologizing Masculinity

The first failure of the political Left highlighted is the

pathologization of aspects of masculine identity. The author
critiques the broad application of "toxic masculinity" to
various male behaviors and cautions against painting
masculinity as inherently negative, as this may alienate

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young men and push them toward harmful ideologies.

Inventing Toxic Masculinity

The term toxic masculinity only gained widespread use after

the rise of Donald Trump and the #MeToo movement, with
many attributing it to various social ills without clear
definitions. This framing may contribute to negative
self-perception in young men, as they feel targeted by a
narrative that suggests something is inherently wrong with
their identity.

Blaming the Victim

The author argues that progressives often blame individual

men for societal issues rather than recognizing systemic
causes. This blame shift reflects a tendency to overlook
structural challenges that contribute to men's mental health
issues, particularly highlighted during the COVID-19
pandemic.

Science Is Real

Contrary to their self-image, progressives sometimes deny

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biological differences between genders. While
acknowledging the role of socialization, the author
emphasizes that some psychological and behavioral
differences between sexes have a biological basis, which is
often ignored in liberal discourse.

One-Way Inequality

The final failing of the political Left examined is its

one-sided view of gender inequality, focusing predominantly
on women's issues while neglecting those affecting men.
This bias is evident in policy approaches and reports that fail
to address male challenges, perpetuating a zero-sum
mentality where addressing men's issues is seen as detracting
from women's progress.

Conclusion

The author calls for a more balanced, inclusive approach to

gender equality that recognizes the challenges faced by boys
and men. Bridging the divide in gender discussions is
essential to ensure all voices are heard, and that solutions are
found for the issues faced by both genders in society.

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Chapter 9 Summary : SEEING RED

The Political Right Wants to Turn Back the Clock

On November 1, 2021, Senator Josh Hawley addressed the

National Conservatism Conference, highlighting challenges
faced by men in education, employment, and family life. He
positioned these challenges as a result of a leftist agenda
against masculinity, claiming that the Left aims to redefine
traditional masculine virtues as toxic. However, while
Hawley articulated the issues, he lacked substantial solutions
beyond vague economic promises and a marriage tax
incentive. His opposition to women's military draft eligibility
reveals a biased stance toward traditional gender roles.

Grievance Politics

The political right, particularly in the U.S. and

internationally, has capitalized on male grievances, with
figures like Donald Trump winning significant male support
by playing into fears of a "war on men." This perception has
fueled populist sentiments tied to various socio-economic
changes, which are framed as threats to traditional

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masculinity. The rise of right-wing support among younger
men reflects broader anxieties about gender and societal
shifts, leading to the exploitation of male discontent without
providing meaningful remedies.

Lobsters Against Equality

Jordan Peterson garnered a following for addressing the

needs of young men, emphasizing biological determinism in
gender differences and establishing social hierarchies.
However, while he resonates with men seeking
acknowledgment, his views risk oversimplifying complex
social dynamics; biological differences cannot solely explain
current gender disparities. The conservative stance often
defends traditional roles based on these perceived biological
imperatives, further complicating the dialogue about gender
roles and societal expectations.

Forward to the Past

Conservative perspectives often suggest restoring traditional

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This zero-sum mentality,
reflected in a significant portion of Republican men's beliefs,

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Chapter 10 Summary : REDSHIRT THE
BOYS

Boys Need an Extra Year in the Classroom

In this chapter, the author shares a personal anecdote

regarding his son, Bryce, and discusses the concept of
“redshirting,” which involves delaying a child's school entry
by a year. He reflects on Bryce’s struggles in school,
particularly highlighting how developmental differences,
especially for boys, can affect academic outcomes. The
author suggests that treating boys equitably in education
means recognizing their developmental disadvantages and
advocating for reforms that cater specifically to male
students.

The Gift of Time

Redshirting is highlighted as a common, albeit often

class-based, practice among parents who feel their children
are not ready for school. The author proposes that all boys
should be redshirted by default to provide them an advantage

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in their early development compared to girls. Studies indicate
that starting school later can have beneficial effects on boys,
including improved academic performance and reduced
hyperactivity.

Will Redshiriting Work?

The effectiveness of redshirting is backed by research,

showing it could narrow the gender gap in education
significantly, especially for lower-income boys. The findings
suggest that starting boys later can lead to better long-term
academic and social outcomes.

Objections to Redshirting

The chapter addresses potential concerns regarding the

implications of redshirting, including childcare burdens for
families and possible dropout rates. The author offers
solutions, such as providing universal pre-K to mitigate
childcare issues and adjusting legal drop-out ages to
encourage higher graduation rates.

More Men Teaching Boys

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The author discusses the importance of male teachers in the
education system, citing concerns over the declining number
of male educators and the positive impact they can have on
boys' academic performance. There is a clear need for
targeted recruitment efforts to attract more male teachers in
all educational settings, particularly in early education and
subjects where boys lag behind, such as English.

Less Talk, More Shop

A call for a renewed focus on vocational education (CTE) is

made, emphasizing the need for more hands-on learning
experiences that better fit boys' educational preferences. The
chapter advocates for more technical high schools and
expanded apprenticeship programs, arguing that these
pathways are essential for improving outcomes for boys,
especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds.
Overall, the author presents a multi-faceted approach to
reforming the education system by addressing the specific
needs of boys, advocating for policy changes that include
later school starts, increased male teacher representation, and
enhanced vocational training. The proposals emphasize the
importance of equitable education that considers
developmental differences, with the aim of improving
academic outcomes for boys across various demographics.

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Chapter 11 Summary : MEN CAN
HEAL

Getting Men into the Jobs of the Future

Introduction

The chapter begins with a personal anecdote highlighting a

young boy’s perception of gender roles in professions such as
medicine and education, emphasizing the importance of
exposing children to diverse role models in various careers.

Structural Issues in Employment

The author discusses the significant decline in well-paid jobs

in traditionally male-dominated sectors, such as
manufacturing, and contrasts this with the rise of "pink
collar" jobs that are predominantly occupied by women,
particularly in Health, Education, Administration, and
Literacy (HEAL) occupations. There is a strong gender
imbalance, with men showing low interest in these fields.

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The Case for More Men in HEAL

1.
Job Availability
: With traditional male jobs declining, men must consider
careers in HEAL to secure employment.
2.
Labor Demand
: The increasing need for workers in healthcare and education
sectors creates an opportunity for male recruitment.
3.
Provider-Client Gender Match
: Enhancing the gender balance among providers of services
can facilitate better connections with male clients,
particularly in counseling and education settings.

Policy Proposals to Increase Male Representation

The author outlines a comprehensive "Men Can HEAL" plan,

aimed at encouraging more men to enter HEAL fields
through:
- Building educational pipelines.
- Offering financial incentives.

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- Combating social stigma associated with men in caregiving
roles.

The Importance of HEAL vs. STEM

- HEAL occupations are essential and expanding, often

outpacing job creation in STEM fields. Despite lower
average pay in some HEAL roles, the economic outlook is
strong for these careers.

Challenges and Labor Shortages

With an impending workforce shortage in critical sectors

such as nursing and education, the text addresses the severe
lack of male workers contributing to these fields. Strategies
for recruitment and retention, including altering perceptions
and pay levels, are necessary to alleviate these shortages.

Investment Needed for Change

The author calls for a significant investment, citing

successful initiatives to increase female representation in
STEM, to also foster male representation in HEAL roles.
This includes scholarship funds and targeted workforce

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programs.

Creating a Supportive Pipeline

1. Campaigns like "He Can HEAL" would promote HEAL

careers to boys at younger ages, fostering an interest early on.
2. Increasing the presence of male educators in health and
education disciplines can provide role models and encourage
male participation.

Financial Support and Incentives

- Establishing scholarships for men pursuing HEAL careers.

- Allocating funds to organizations that support male
recruitment in these fields similar to those in place for
women in STEM.

Cultural Perception and Social Marketing

To reduce stigmas around men in HEAL roles, there's a need

for social marketing and representation in media that shows
masculinity in caregiving professions. Campaigns should
focus on the rewarding aspects of HEAL careers without
compromising male identity.

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Conclusion

The chapter argues for a national initiative to improve male

representation in HEAL jobs as a path to enhance economic
opportunities for men and address labor shortages,
positioning it as a dual benefit for both the workforce and
society at large. Men can thrive in HEAL professions with
appropriate support and societal shifts in perception.

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Chapter 12 Summary : NEW DADS

Fatherhood as an Independent Social Institution

Fatherhood has evolved significantly, yet traditional

perceptions often still dominate the cultural landscape.
Despite the rise of working mothers, stay-at-home fathers
remain a rarity, indicating a need for societal change in the
understanding of fatherhood.

The Challenge of Redefining Fatherhood

The traditional model of fatherhood, based solely on

economic provision, is inadequate in an equal society.
Fatherhood needs to encompass a broader, more nurturing
role that aligns with modern family dynamics where care

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responsibilities are shared. However, the cultural discourse
has polarized around fatherhood, creating division between
progressive and conservative viewpoints.

The Importance of Fathers

Research highlights that fathers positively influence various

aspects of their children's development, including mental
health, academic performance, and social skills. Fathers are
not merely supplementary to mothers; they provide unique
contributions to child-rearing. This is particularly vital during
adolescents, a period where fathers can encourage
independence and responsible risk-taking.

Direct Dads: A New Family Model

Modern fatherhood should be framed around the idea of

"direct dads," where fathers engage actively in their
children’s lives, regardless of their relationship status with
the mother. Policy supports need to align with this model,
recognizing the distinct role fathers play in nurturing.
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for Supporting Fathers

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Best Quotes from Of Boys and Men by
Richard V. Reeves with Page Numbers
View on Bookey Website and Generate Beautiful Quote Images

Chapter 1 | Quotes From Pages 15-27

1.For Hanna Rosin, author of The End of Men, it is
'the strangest and most profound change of the
century, even more so because it is unfolding in a
similar way pretty much all over the world.'
2.Boys are 50% more likely than girls to fail at all three key
school subjects: math, reading, and science.
3.The gap is much wider for boys than for girls, because they
have both more acceleration and less braking power.
4.The gender bias in the education system was harder to see
when girls were discouraged from pursuing higher
education or careers and steered toward domestic roles
instead.
5.Equalizing verbal skills at age 16 would close the gender
gap in college enrollment in England.
6.But I think there is a bigger, simpler explanation staring us

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 in the face. Boys’ brains develop more slowly, especially
during the most critical years of secondary education.
7.I know; I have three sons. These findings are consistent
with survey evidence on attention and self-regulation,
where the biggest sex differences occur during middle
adolescence.
8.But getting more men to college is just the first step. They
also need help getting through college.
Chapter 2 | Quotes From Pages 28-39
1.I am really worried about the extent to which men
in the U.S. are being pushed to the side of
economic, social and family life,” she responded.
“For 20, 30 or 40 years … scholars focused on
women and children. Now we really need to think
about men.
2.Many in the women’s movement and in the mass media
complain that men just ‘don’t want to give up the reins of
power,’ ” writes Susan Faludi. “But that would seem to
have little applicability to the situations of most men, who

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 individually feel not the reins of power in their hands but
its bit in their mouths.
3.Over the last three decades, the labor market trajectory of
males in the U.S. has turned downward along four
dimensions: skills acquisition; employment rates;
occupational stature; and real wage levels.
4.The long-term trend in men’s earnings has been quite
different than that for women.
5.The one-word explanation for the pay gap is: children.
6.For men who are in work, pay levels are typically lower
than in the past.
7.Essentially all of the income gains that middle-class
American families have experienced since 1970 are due to
the rise in women’s earnings.
8.The crucial years for wage gains are from the mid-30s
onward, which, as Michelle Budig, another top economist
in the field, points out, is the same period when intensive
family responsibilities, particularly for mothers, are in full
force.

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9.The barrier is the time bind. Children require time; careers
require time.
10.Over the last few decades, girls and women have shot past
men in school and on college campuses.
Chapter 3 | Quotes From Pages 40-48
1.Dependence represents a lack of alternatives,”
wrote Margaret Mead, a few years after Steinem’s
speech. “A woman equipped to earn her own living
need never feel trapped.… Independence begins
with economic independence.
2.Too many fathers … are … missing—missing from too
many lives and too many homes,” said Barack Obama, on
Father’s Day in 2008. “And the foundations of our families
are weaker because of it.
3.A man who knows he must provide for a wife and children
has a clear sense of how to be 'purposeful' and 'whole.'
4.The family may be a myth,” writes Dench, “but it is a myth
that works to make many men tolerably useful.
5.A welfare system that was originally designed to

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compensate men for loss of earnings is slowly and messily
redesigned to compensate women for the loss of men.

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Chapter 4 | Quotes From Pages 49-60
1.Knowing they are perceived as a threat, Black men
resort to unneeded eyewear, not to see us, but so
that we might see them.
2.There is something unique about the obstacles Black males
face.
3.We need to be able to talk confidently about the issues
facing Black boys and men.
4.Just free of the fear, free of just the crushing awareness of it
all. Just free.
Chapter 5 | Quotes From Pages 61-71
1.When Donald Trump talked about 'American
carnage' in his inaugural address, I admit to
having rolled my eyes.
2.Men in particular felt the loss not only of income but also
of dignity that accompanied a good job.
3.I think opioids are just as much a barometer of social
problems as they are a cause.
4.The true cause of the male malaise, I believe, is not lack of

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 labor force participation but cultural redundancy.
5.If men were doing better, most families would benefit.
6.A vicious cycle may ensue, with the poor economic
prospects of less-educated males creating differentially
large disadvantages for their sons, thus potentially
reinforcing the development of the gender gap in the next
generation.
Chapter 6 | Quotes From Pages 72-78
1.Women are just naturally smarter than men, and
now they are on the rise.
2.I just felt like I was wasting my time in college,” says
Quamari, another of my interviewees.
3.The women are so driven. They know they have to provide
for their family.
4.If we want answers, we won’t find them in the metrics, but
in the minds of the young men themselves.
5.Women tend to live in the future, men tend to live in the
present.
6.The only real exception to this rule is vocationally oriented

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programs or institutions, which do seem to benefit men
more than women.

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Chapter 7 | Quotes From Pages 79-92
1.Nature and nurture both matter, and they also
interact in important ways.
2.The reality of the male sex drive means, whether we like it
or not, that sex workers will always be with us.
3.Even if, on average, women are wired to be a little more
nurturing (which they are), it does not mean that my son
cannot be an excellent, caring, and empathetic teacher of
young children (which he is).
4.Masculinity is defined at least as much by behavior as
biology.
5.Human behavior is driven by a combination of nature (our
instincts based in biology), nurture (the instructions we get
from our surrounding culture), and agency (our personal
initiative).
6.The making of masculinity is an important cultural task in
any society, especially during periods of rapid social
change like our own.
7.Getting boys and men to care for others is one of the

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 primary functions of human culture.
Chapter 8 | Quotes From Pages 93-101
1.We should be able to learn in an environment
without the constant presence of objectification
and misogyny.
2.Toxic masculinity is a counterproductive term.
3.But there is not. Masculinity is not a pathology.
4.If men are depressed, it is because they won’t express their
feelings.
5.There is strong evidence for a biological basis for some
differences of psychology and preferences between the
sexes.
6.The assumptions that gender gaps run only one way even
get embedded in inequality measures.
7.The fight for gender equality has historically been
synonymous with the fight for and by girls and women, and
for good reason.
8.What is required here is a simple change in mindset,
recognizing that gender inequalities can go in both

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 directions.
Chapter 9 | Quotes From Pages 102-110
1.The attack on men has been the tip of the spear of
the Left’s broader attack on America.
2.Rather than helping men adapt to the new world,
conservatives beguile them with promises of the old.
3.The key to the recovery of masculinity does not lie in any
wistful hope of humiliating the aggressive female and
restoring the old masculine supremacy.
4.Roles are changing for both men and women.

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Chapter 10 | Quotes From Pages 111-122
1.The switch from a mindset of equality to one of
equity has been powerful in considerations of
racial justice, especially in the U.S. But there are
gender implications here too.
2.I propose that all boys be redshirted by default.
3.An equitable education system...will be one that recognizes
natural sex differences, especially the fact that boys are at a
developmental disadvantage to girls at critical points in
their schooling.
4.The only way to find out for sure is to do it, initially in the
form of some pilot programs, perhaps in a selection of
school districts in a range of settings. I expect these would
show good results in terms of reducing the gender gap in
education, and a good return on investment.
5.To get children to the same level, you need to give taller
boxes to the shorter children.
Chapter 11 | Quotes From Pages 123-135
1.‘Women are always saying, ‘We can do anything

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 that men can do,’ … but men are not saying, ‘We
can do anything that women can do.’’
2.‘If certain occupations are seen as no-go zones for men,
their choices are constrained, just as for women in the
reverse case.’
3.‘But we are trying to solve them with only half the
workforce.’
4.‘We need to reduce what Claudia Goldin calls ‘the ‘auras of
gender’ that attach to certain occupations—and especially,
now, the female-dominated ones.’
5.‘You can’t be what you can’t see.’
Chapter 12 | Quotes From Pages 136-146
1.The old model of fatherhood, narrowly based on
economic provision, is unfit for a world of gender
equality.
2.The importance of engaged fatherhood is now
undismissable in ways it was not in earlier decades.
3.Fathers matter to their children whether or not they are in a
relationship with their mother.

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4.If we truly believe in gender equity, we must find a way to
honor fathers’ attempts to build relationships with their
children just as we do mothers’—to assign fathers rights
along with their responsibilities.
5.To those of us blessed to be dads, fatherhood is a core
component of our identity.

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Of Boys and Men Questions
View on Bookey Website

Chapter 1 | GIRLS RULE| Q&A

1.Question
What is the current state of the gender gap in education
for boys and girls?
Answer:The current state shows that girls have
surpassed boys in educational attainment at all
levels. Girls and women have outperformed boys in
key subjects like reading, mathematics, and science,
leading to a significant gender gap in high school
and higher education, where women now earn more
degrees than men.

2.Question
How has the pandemic impacted boys' education
compared to girls'?
Answer:The pandemic has worsened educational
inequalities, with college enrollment declines being seven
times greater for male than female students. Boys struggle

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more with online learning, suggesting a greater learning loss
that could have long-term implications for their education.

3.Question
What is the main argument for needing to address boys'
underperformance in education?
Answer:The underperformance of boys in school,
particularly among Black boys and those from poorer
families, has damaging implications for their future
employment prospects and economic mobility. Therefore, it's
essential to address the educational inequalities impacting
boys.

4.Question
What factors contribute to the observed gender
differences in educational achievements?
Answer:One significant factor is the differing maturational
rates of boys and girls; studies indicate that the brain areas
important for impulse control and academic success mature
earlier in girls. This developmental gap impacts boys'
academic performance during critical school years.

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5.Question
What historical changes have led to a widening gender
gap in higher education?
Answer:Historically, educational reforms such as Title IX
created opportunities for girls and women, but now, as
women have gained access and excelled, systemic biases
have resulted in a majority female presence in higher
education, leaving many boys behind.

6.Question
How do cultural expectations and aspirations differ
between boys and girls regarding education?
Answer:Cultural expectations have increasingly emphasized
the importance of education for girls, leading them to have a
sharper focus on their future. In contrast, many boys exhibit a
lack of motivation and lower educational aspirations, which
reflects a growing aspiration gap.

7.Question
What role do teacher demographics play in boys'
educational outcomes?
Answer:The predominance of female teachers in schools

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(about three out of four) could contribute to the challenges
boys face, potentially placing them at a disadvantage within
an educational framework largely tailored to female learning
styles.

8.Question
Why is the education system perceived to favor girls at
this time?
Answer:The education system is viewed as favoring girls due
to their earlier maturation and better alignment with school
structures that prioritize behaviors and skills commonly
associated with female students. This systemic bias has
become more apparent as boys struggle in the current
educational climate.

9.Question
What is the implication of the 'stop out' and dropout
rates between male and female students in higher
education?
Answer:Male students exhibit higher rates of stopping out
and dropping out of college compared to female students,
highlighting a crucial gap in their ability or support to

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navigate higher education successfully.

10.Question
What is recommended as a primary step to address the
educational disparities between boys and girls?
Answer:The primary recommendation is to directly improve
educational outcomes for boys in the K–12 system by
addressing the factors contributing to their
underperformance, ensuring they have equal opportunities to
succeed.

11.Question
What is the potential impact of changing policy to focus
on boys' education?
Answer:Adjusting policies to focus on boys' education may
help to rebalance the current inequalities and ensure that boys
are given the necessary support to thrive in an educational
setting, ultimately benefiting society as a whole.
Chapter 2 | WORKING MAN BLUES| Q&A
1.Question
Why is the decline of men's economic status a pressing
concern today?

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Answer:The decline in men's economic status is
concerning because it impacts not only individual
men's lives but also society as a whole. As men
detach from paid work and face stagnant wages,
their ability to participate meaningfully in economic,
social, and family life diminishes. This has
implications for family structures and child-rearing,
ultimately affecting future generations'
opportunities and well-being.

2.Question
What structural changes in the economy have contributed
to the decline in male employment?
Answer:The economic landscape has seen shifts, primarily
driven by automation and free trade, which have
disproportionately affected jobs traditionally held by men,
such as manufacturing, construction, and transportation.
Many of these occupations are at high risk of automation,
while the opportunities in emerging sectors lean towards
roles often filled by women.

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3.Question
How does motherhood specifically contribute to the
gender pay gap?
Answer:Motherhood significantly contributes to the gender
pay gap because women often make career sacrifices once
they have children. The fact that women's earnings plummet
after childbirth, while men's do not, indicates that family
responsibilities are a primary factor influencing the disparity
in earnings. The dynamics of work-life balance after having
children can place additional burdens on mothers, leading to
reduced working hours and career advancement.

4.Question
What does the term 'HEAL' jobs refer to, and why are
they important?
Answer:HEAL jobs stand for Health, Education,
Administration, and Literacy roles, which are predominantly
filled by women and are projected to grow in the future.
Encouraging men to pursue these careers is crucial for
balancing gender representation in the labor market and

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adapting to a changing economy where traditional male jobs
are declining.

5.Question
What does the author suggest about the relationship
between education and the labor market for men?
Answer:The author suggests that despite higher education
levels, many men are still struggling in the labor market due
to the mismatch between their skills and those required in
evolving, rapidly changing job sectors. Encouraging lifelong
learning and reskilling may be essential for men to remain
competitive.

6.Question
How does the article frame the evolution of women's roles
in the workforce?
Answer:The article frames women's roles in the workforce as
having dramatically evolved over recent decades, with
women's participation rates rising and their wages increasing,
contributing significantly to economic growth. Women have
made inroads into fields previously dominated by men, and

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their economic success has reshaped societal expectations
and aspirations regarding gender roles.

7.Question
What is the implication of the statement that 40% of
women now earn more than the typical man?
Answer:This statement highlights the significant changes in
the wage distribution between genders, underscoring that
many women are now achieving economic success
traditionally associated with men. It suggests a shift towards
greater gender equality in earnings, which challenges
outdated notions of gender roles in both the workplace and
society.

8.Question
What recommendations might be devised to address the
struggles faced by men in the current economy?
Answer:Recommendations could include expanding access
to vocational training, increasing support for skills
development in rapidly growing sectors, promoting men’s
participation in HEAL jobs, and fostering awareness of the

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necessity for shared family responsibilities, thereby shaping a
more equitable balance in caregiving and career
advancement.

9.Question
From a societal perspective, what are the potential effects
of the ongoing economic challenges faced by men?
Answer:The ongoing economic challenges for men may lead
to broader societal issues such as increased mental health
problems, family instability, and potential rises in crime due
to feelings of inadequacy or disenfranchisement. Addressing
these challenges is crucial for achieving social stability and
ensuring the well-being of families and communities.
Chapter 3 | DISLOCATED DADS| Q&A
1.Question
What was the central message of Adlai Stevenson’s
commencement speech in 1955 regarding the role of
women in marriage?
Answer:Stevenson's central message was that
women had an important role to play in ensuring
their husbands were 'truly purposeful' and to help

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keep them 'whole,' implying that women's support
was crucial for men's personal and social
fulfillment.

2.Question
How did Gloria Steinem's perspective on marriage differ
from that of Adlai Stevenson?
Answer:Steinem's perspective described marriage as an
institution that led to women's subjugation and dependency
on men, advocating for women's economic independence and
autonomy as a means to liberate them from traditional gender
roles.

3.Question
What does the term 'dad deficit' refer to in the context of
modern fatherhood?
Answer:The 'dad deficit' refers to the phenomenon where
many fathers are absent or detached from their children's
lives, particularly due to changing societal norms around
marriage and parenting, leading to a decline in the active role
fathers play in their children's upbringing.

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4.Question
How has the role of mothers evolved in the family
structure according to the chapter?
Answer:Mothers' roles have expanded to include both
breadwinning and caring, reflecting a shift in cultural
expectations where women are no longer solely caretakers
but also financial providers, significantly changing the
traditional family dynamic.

5.Question
What challenge do men face in contemporary society
regarding their traditional role as breadwinners?
Answer:Men increasingly struggle to fulfill the traditional
breadwinner role as economic dependency has shifted,
leaving them feeling dislocated in their identities and unsure
of how to navigate family and societal expectations.

6.Question
In what ways do economic independence and changing
marriage norms affect men's identities today?
Answer:Economic independence for women has diminished
men's traditional breadwinning status, making them question

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their roles and identities, often leading to feelings of
inadequacy and disconnection from family and social
structures.

7.Question
What is the significance of fatherhood in contemporary
discussions about masculinity?
Answer:Fatherhood is seen as a vital aspect of masculine
identity, providing men with purpose and social integration,
and it is essential for the healthy development of children,
which highlights the need for a reevaluation of men's roles in
the family.

8.Question
Why is it important for cultures to update their views on
fatherhood in light of economic changes?
Answer:Updating views on fatherhood is crucial to align
with the economic realities where fathers are no longer just
providers, but also need to develop nurturing relationships
with their children, fostering stronger family bonds and
improved mental health for men.

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9.Question
How have societal attitudes towards marriage and
parenthood shifted in recent years?
Answer:Societal attitudes have become more accepting of
unmarried parenthood and diverse family structures, and
fewer people view marriage as essential for a fulfilling life,
reflecting a departure from traditional norms that previously
bound men and women.

10.Question
What does Barack Obama mean when he says 'Fathers
matter' in relation to children's well-being?
Answer:Obama emphasizes that fathers play critical roles as
mentors, role models, and support figures in their children's
lives, asserting that active fatherhood is essential for
children's emotional and psychological development.

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Chapter 4 | DWIGHT’S GLASSES| Q&A
1.Question
What challenges do Black boys and men face in America
according to the text?
Answer:Black boys and men face acute challenges
stemming from systemic racism, economic
disparities, unequal access to education,
discriminatory employment practices, and the
effects of mass incarceration. They often navigate
societal perceptions that label them as threats,
resulting in heightened scrutiny and risk of violence.

2.Question
How does Dwight's story illustrate the societal
perceptions of Black men?
Answer:Dwight wears glasses to appear less threatening to
white customers, demonstrating how Black men often alter
their appearance or behavior to navigate societal biases and
reduce fear among others. This reflects a broader theme of
adaptation to survive in a racially charged environment.

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3.Question
What is intersectionality, and why is it significant in the
context of Black men and boys?
Answer:Intersectionality is a framework for understanding
how various forms of discrimination intersect and compound.
In this context, it highlights how Black men and boys face
unique struggles due to the interplay of racism and sexism,
which creates specific disadvantages that differ from those
experienced by Black women or white men.

4.Question
How does educational attainment differ between Black
men and women according to the text?
Answer:Black women are outpacing Black men in
educational achievement. Statistics show that for every Black
man earning a college degree, two Black women achieve the
same, reflecting a significant gender gap in education that
leaves Black men at a disadvantage.

5.Question
In what ways does the economic status of Black men
affect Black families?

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Answer:The economic challenges faced by Black men lead to
higher rates of single parenthood and lower marriage rates, as
many Black women are raising children without a partner.
This situation perpetuates cycles of poverty and instability
within Black families, compounding the socio-economic
difficulties.

6.Question
What does Dwight desire for his sons, and what does that
reveal about the aspirations of Black fathers?
Answer:Dwight desires for his sons to be 'free' from fear and
the burdens of societal expectations, which reveals a deep
yearning for safety and liberation from prejudice. This
underscores the emotional weight carried by Black fathers
regarding the future and well-being of their children.

7.Question
How do perceptions of Black masculinity impact social
interactions and opportunities for Black men?
Answer:Black men often tailor their social interactions to
avoid being seen as threats, which leads to missed

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opportunities for engagement and networking, particularly in
predominantly white environments. This reflects a significant
social burden that affects their integration and mobility.

8.Question
What statistics illustrate the challenges of Black men in
the criminal justice system?
Answer:Statistics indicate that one in four Black men born
since the late 1970s have been incarcerated by their mid-30s,
showing a stark overrepresentation in the prison system
compared to their white counterparts. This pattern is
exacerbated by implicit biases and societal perceptions
framed around dangerousness.

9.Question
What initiatives have been proposed to address the
specific challenges faced by Black men?
Answer:Initiatives like the My Brother’s Keeper program
and the establishment of the Commission on the Social
Status of Black Men and Boys aim to focus on the unique
challenges faced by Black men, advocating for tailored

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policies and reforms to address issues in education,
employment, and criminal justice.

10.Question
What is the significance of the term "New Deal for Black
Men" as mentioned in the text?
Answer:The 'New Deal for Black Men' signifies a call to
action for comprehensive reforms that directly address the
socio-economic and systemic barriers facing Black men,
emphasizing the urgency of creating equitable opportunities
to lift this demographic out of the challenges they face.
Chapter 5 | CLASS CEILING| Q&A
1.Question
What are 'deaths of despair' and how do they relate to
gender differences?
Answer:'Deaths of despair' refer to the increasing
mortality rates from drug overdoses, suicides, and
alcohol-related illnesses, primarily among
less-educated middle-aged whites. The data indicates
that men are nearly three times as likely to die from

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these causes compared to women, highlighting a
significant gender disparity linked to social and
economic challenges.

2.Question
How do economic difficulties impact family structures
and responsibility?
Answer:Economic struggles faced by men lead to poorer
family outcomes, as women often become the primary
financial providers. This shift in roles contributes to a
growing trend where women, particularly single mothers,
perceive men as burdens rather than partners. Many women
are now the main breadwinners, which influences their
decisions about marriage and family.

3.Question
What is the significance of the gender pay gap versus the
class pay gap?
Answer:While the gender pay gap is
narrowing—demonstrated by the increase of women's
earnings relative to men's—the class pay gap is widening. It

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emphasizes the need to address both gender and class
inequalities together instead of focusing on one at the
expense of the other.

4.Question
How do childhood adversities uniquely impact boys?
Answer:Research shows that boys suffer worse from
childhood adversities such as economic disadvantage than
girls do. For instance, boys from poor families are less likely
to escape poverty in adulthood compared to girls. This
disparity indicates that the problems faced by boys can create
a cyclical pattern of disadvantage.

5.Question
Why is it essential to examine gender issues through the
lenses of both race and class?
Answer:Considering gender issues alongside race and class
provides a fuller understanding of the disadvantages faced by
specific groups. For example, socioeconomic challenges
disproportionately affect boys and men, and understanding
these intersections is vital for effective policymaking and

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targeted interventions.

6.Question
What does the term 'haphazard self' refer to in the
context of men facing economic challenges?
Answer:The 'haphazard self' describes men who lack stable
attachments to traditional institutions such as work, family,
and religion, leading to a sense of confusion and
purposelessness in their lives. Many struggle to find direction
or stability, often resulting in feelings of isolation and
despair.

7.Question
What are the implications of increasing male loneliness
on mental health?
Answer:Increasing loneliness among men correlates with a
rise in mental health issues. Reports indicate a 'friendship
recession' where men are less likely to seek support from
friends, leading to isolation and potential increases in
depression and suicidal tendencies.

8.Question
How do societal expectations affect men's experiences

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with marriage and family formation?
Answer:Societal expectations have shifted marriage from
being an economic necessity to a partnership based on shared
responsibilities and parenting. As women gain more financial
independence, men are seen as needing to fulfill higher
standards to be viewed as 'husband material,' impacting
marriage rates among economically disadvantaged men.

9.Question
Why is it critical to reform public policy regarding boys
and men in the context of economic mobility?
Answer:Public policy aimed at improving social mobility
and reducing economic inequality must consider the specific
challenges faced by boys and men. Addressing their
disadvantages can lead to better outcomes for families and
communities, ultimately benefiting society as a whole.

10.Question
What hopeful message is suggested for the relationship
between economic inequality and the male problematic?
Answer:The connection between economic inequality and

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the struggles of boys and men opens paths for bipartisan
action. Both conservatives and liberals have interests that can
align to address these challenges, suggesting that collective
efforts could lead to meaningful changes.
Chapter 6 | NON-RESPONDERS| Q&A
1.Question
What is one potential reason discussed for the educational
gap between boys and girls?
Answer:One potential reason is lower levels of
motivation among young men, as noted by
Jonathan, who observes that men's motivation is
lacking, which may stem from a mental and
emotional disengagement from educational
opportunities.

2.Question
How did the Kalamazoo Promise impact male versus
female college completion rates?
Answer:The Kalamazoo Promise resulted in a 45% increase
in female college completion rates, while the rates for males

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did not change, showing a stark gender divide in outcomes.

3.Question
What common observation did many young men share
regarding their college experiences in relation to women?
Answer:Young men like Quamari noticed that women were
more driven, asked more questions, and pursued their goals
more tenaciously, leading them to seek out female-dominated
study groups.

4.Question
What key factors did Tyreese identify that differentiate
the behaviors of women and men regarding academic
success?
Answer:Tyreese identified four key factors: motivation,
independence, persistence, and planning. He noted that
women are more driven, tend to be independent, persist
through challenges, and think more about their futures
compared to men.

5.Question
What did the evaluation of the Stay the Course program
reveal about gender outcomes in education?

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Answer:The evaluation found that while the Stay the Course
program significantly increased associate degree completion
for women, it had no impact on male students, indicating a
persistent gender gap.

6.Question
According to the text, how is the investment in education
and training programs seen in relation to gender?
Answer:The investment in education and training programs
is viewed as problematic because many programs do not
effectively serve male participants, raising questions about
the efficiency of resource allocation.

7.Question
What cultural changes are mentioned that might
contribute to the differences in aspirations between young
men and women?
Answer:The text discusses the rebalancing of power
dynamics between men and women and how men's
traditional roles as family breadwinners have become less
relevant, creating confusion in what it means to succeed as a
man in today's society.

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8.Question
How does Tyreese summarize the overall state of
motivation between boys and girls in the academic
context?
Answer:Tyreese concludes that the motivation and
aspirational drive seen in young women, who actively pursue
their goals, starkly contrasts with the lack of initiative and
future planning among young men.

9.Question
Why are the findings about educational programs that
benefit women over men significant?
Answer:These findings are significant because they highlight
a systemic issue where existing initiatives don't equitably
serve all genders, suggesting a need for policy adjustments to
address this disparity.

10.Question
What critical feeling does the author express regarding
the handling of gender disparities in educational
programs?
Answer:The author expresses frustration, emphasizing that

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policymakers and researchers need to take gender disparities
seriously and consider the specific needs of boys and men in
program design and evaluation.

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Chapter 7 | MAKING MEN| Q&A
1.Question
What fundamental dichotomy is reflected in creation
stories across different religions?
Answer:The fundamental dichotomy is the
distinction between male and female, as seen in
creation stories from various religions, which
narrate the origins of humanity as male and female
in relation to each other.

2.Question
How do biological sex differences manifest in aggressive
behavior?
Answer:Biological sex differences manifest in aggressive
behavior where men, influenced by higher levels of
testosterone, exhibit greater tendencies towards physical
aggression than women, with boys being more aggressive
from a young age.

3.Question
What role does culture play in shaping the expression of
biological differences?

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Answer:Culture significantly shapes how biological
differences are expressed; for example, while men may be
predisposed to aggression, societal norms can encourage or
discourage violent behavior, impacting the degree to which
these tendencies are acted upon.

4.Question
Why is it important to avoid stereotyping based on
average sex differences?
Answer:Avoiding stereotyping is essential because average
sex differences do not determine individual capabilities or
behaviors; a nurturing woman can be just as capable as a
nurturing man, and individual skills should be valued over
generalizations.

5.Question
How do risk-taking behaviors differ between men and
women, and what historical reasons explain these
differences?
Answer:Men generally display a greater appetite for risk than
women, which is rooted in evolutionary history where higher
reproductive variance among males made risk-taking

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strategically advantageous for mating opportunities.

6.Question
What is the relationship between testosterone levels and
masculinity in different social contexts?
Answer:Testosterone levels vary in men depending on their
social contexts; those in stable family environments tend to
have lower testosterone, showcasing how social roles like
marriage influence biological factors.

7.Question
In what ways can societal changes impact the expression
of masculinity?
Answer:Societal changes can redefine masculinity by
promoting qualities such as emotional expression and
nurturing roles, influencing how men perceive their identities
and responsibilities in modern contexts.

8.Question
How does personal agency interact with biological
predispositions in shaping behavior?
Answer:Personal agency allows individuals to navigate their
biological predispositions rather than be strictly driven by

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them; for instance, a man might choose not to act
aggressively despite a biological inclination towards risk.

9.Question
What is the STEM paradox related to gender
representation in STEM fields?
Answer:The STEM paradox suggests that as gender equality
increases, differences in interest may persist, leading to fewer
women entering STEM fields not due to discrimination but
because of varying preferences influenced by biology.

10.Question
Why is it critical for discussions about masculinity to
acknowledge biological influences?
Answer:Acknowledging biological influences in discussions
about masculinity is critical to develop a nuanced
understanding of male behavior and to avoid the
oversimplification that masculinity is entirely a social
construct.

11.Question
What does the Carnegie Hero Fund demonstrate about
the willingness of men to take risks?

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Answer:The Carnegie Hero Fund demonstrates that men
often display a remarkable willingness to take risks for
altruistic acts, which can reflect deeper evolutionary
motivations for protectiveness and care.

12.Question
What does Richard V. Reeves mean by 'fragile
manhood'?
Answer:'Fragile manhood' refers to how masculinity is often
socially constructed and can be undermined by societal
changes, emphasizing that it is a constant pursuit of
validation rather than a singular milestone.

13.Question
How can recognizing both biological and cultural
influences lead to more effective policies and societal
outcomes?
Answer:Recognizing both biological and cultural influences
ensures policies acknowledge natural differences while
promoting equality and flexibility, allowing societies to
harness diverse human potential effectively.

14.Question

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What lesson about manhood can be drawn from the
contrast between being 'acceptable at a dance' and being
'invaluable in a shipwreck'?
Answer:The lesson highlights the importance of cultivating
emotional intelligence and social skills alongside courage
and self-sacrifice, underscoring that maturity is about
balancing various aspects of one’s identity.
Chapter 8 | PROGRESSIVE BLINDNESS| Q&A
1.Question
What example of toxic masculinity does the author use to
illustrate the issue in an affluent school district?
Answer:The author discusses an incident in which a
boy at Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School created a
list ranking his female classmates based on
attractiveness. This incident sparked widespread
media coverage and protests, highlighting a culture
of objectification and misogyny.

2.Question
What is the author's stance on the labeling of behaviors
as 'toxic masculinity'?

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Answer:The author argues that indiscriminately labeling
male behavior as toxic masculinity is a mistake and can
alienate boys from constructive dialogue. It pathologizes
natural aspects of masculinity rather than fostering
understanding.

3.Question
How does the author suggest that the term 'toxic
masculinity' affects young boys?
Answer:The author posits that labeling behaviors as toxic
masculinity is likely to push boys towards online
communities that reinforce negative beliefs about
masculinity instead of promoting healthy discussions about
their experiences.

4.Question
What analogy does the author draw between boys'
behaviors and girls' behaviors?
Answer:The author notes that while boys' bullying and
disrespect may be labeled as toxic masculinity, similar
behaviors exhibited by girls towards other girls are not

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similarly categorized as toxic femininity.

5.Question
What are the four major failings of the political Left
regarding boys and men, according to the author?
Answer:1. Pathologizing natural aspects of masculinity under
the banner of toxic masculinity. 2. Individualism, focusing
on personal failings rather than structural challenges. 3.
Denying the biological basis for sex differences. 4. Assuming
gender inequality only affects women.

6.Question
How does the author view men's health issues in the
context of gender-specific medicine?
Answer:The author argues for the establishment of more
gender-specific research and health policies, including an
Office of Men’s Health, emphasizing that men's health
challenges are often overshadowed or ignored, particularly in
contexts like the COVID-19 pandemic.

7.Question
What impact does the perceived individualism in the
political Left's perspective have on men's issues?

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Answer:The political Left tends to blame individual men for
societal issues, such as mental health or educational failure,
rather than looking at structural or societal factors that
contribute to these problems.

8.Question
How does the author illustrate the gender disparities in
higher education?
Answer:The author highlights that women now outnumber
men in college yet emphasizes that this trend is used
sometimes solely to discuss women's debt rather than
addressing the challenges facing boys and men in education.

9.Question
What is the overall message the author wants to convey
about gender inequality and boys and men?
Answer:The author calls for a balanced understanding of
gender issues, acknowledging that inequalities can affect
both genders and urging progressive thinkers to address and
recognize problems facing boys and men without fear of
compromising women's rights.

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10.Question
Why does the author believe conversations about
masculinity should not be avoided by progressives?
Answer:The author believes that ignoring the issues affecting
boys and men creates a dangerous dynamic, where these
discussions may be taken over by less supportive groups,
leading to further alienation and misunderstanding.
Chapter 9 | SEEING RED| Q&A
1.Question
What are the main issues faced by boys and men today
according to Senator Josh Hawley?
Answer:Hawley highlights challenges in education,
employment, and family life, attributing them to a
perceived targeted political assault from the Left
rather than social change.

2.Question
How do conservative politicians typically view the
problems of men?
Answer:Conservatives often view these problems as
grievances to be politically exploited, rather than recognizing

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the need for genuine solutions to modern challenges.

3.Question
What is the significance of the phrase "Make America
Great Again" in the context of young male voters?
Answer:This phrase resonates with many men, reflecting a
nostalgic longing for traditional roles and status, which they
perceive as lost.

4.Question
What role does the idea of biological differences play in
conservative arguments about masculinity?
Answer:Conservatives often emphasize biological sex
differences to justify traditional gender roles, sometimes
overlooking their complex interactions with social factors.

5.Question
What is the danger of framing the issues facing boys and
men as a 'war on men'?
Answer:This narrative fosters a sense of victimhood and
resentment, which can lead to deeper societal divisions and
hinder productive discussions on gender roles.

6.Question

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According to the text, why are proposed conservative
solutions for men unhelpful?
Answer:The conservative agenda tends to focus on restoring
traditional roles rather than helping men adapt to modern
realities, which can prevent meaningful progress.

7.Question
How does the manosphere contribute to the challenges
faced by young men?
Answer:The manosphere can lead young men into
communities that foster misogyny and resentment, diverting
them from constructive paths and healthy relationships.

8.Question
What was Jordan Peterson's appeal to young men,
according to the chapter?
Answer:Peterson offered a message that validates their
struggles without mocking them, addressing their need for
purpose and identity.

9.Question
What is a key difference between conservative and
progressive perspectives on gender roles?

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Answer:Progressives tend to deny significant biological
underpinnings of gender roles, while conservatives often
overemphasize them, leading to polarized views lacking
nuance.

10.Question
What is the critical mistake conservatives make regarding
the solution for masculinity issues?
Answer:Conservatives mistakenly believe that restoring
traditional gender roles will solve men's problems, rather
than recognizing that adaptation to an egalitarian society is
necessary.

11.Question
What potential outcome does the chapter suggest may
result from neglecting the issues of boys and men?
Answer:If these issues are ignored, it creates a vacuum that
irresponsible parties may exploit, potentially leading to
negative social consequences.

12.Question
What does the author suggest is needed for the future of
masculinity?

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Answer:The author calls for constructive solutions that help
men adjust to new social dynamics rather than yearning for a
past that cannot be restored.

13.Question
How does the perception of masculinity and femininity
impact young men's political views?
Answer:Young men's political views are significantly
influenced by fears regarding their diminishing traditional
roles, leading them to support candidates who promise to
restore those roles.

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Chapter 10 | REDSHIRT THE BOYS| Q&A
1.Question
Why did the author choose to redshirt his son, Bryce,
before he started school?
Answer:The author noticed that Bryce was not
ready for school, both socially and intellectually, as
confirmed by his pre-K teachers. They decided to
delay his enrollment by four months, believing it
would be beneficial for his development.

2.Question
What is meant by 'redshirting' in the context of
education?
Answer:Redshirting refers to the practice of delaying a
child's entry into kindergarten or first grade to give them
more time to develop socially and academically. The term is
borrowed from collegiate athletics, where it means holding a
player back from competition to allow for maturation.

3.Question
What key reforms does the author propose for a more
equitable education system for boys?

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Answer:The author argues for three main reforms: 1) Giving
boys an extra year of pre-K before starting school, 2)
increasing the recruitment of male teachers in classrooms,
and 3) investing heavily in vocational education.

4.Question
How could starting boys a year later in school impact
their educational outcomes?
Answer:Delaying school entry for boys could help narrow
the gender gap in education. Research shows that redshirted
boys often display higher academic performance, lower
chances of hyperactivity, and greater overall satisfaction.
Studies indicate that being older than classmates has
significant positive effects on test scores and grade retention.

5.Question
What are the potential benefits of having more male
teachers in schools?
Answer:Male teachers can serve as positive role models for
boys, and evidence suggests that they positively influence
boys' academic outcomes in certain subjects, particularly in

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English. Having male teachers may also help in reducing
disciplinary issues among boys.

6.Question
How does the author address the concern about
redshirting boys impacting their future careers due to
spending an extra year in school?
Answer:The author argues that while there may be a concern
about lost earnings from an additional year in school, many
young men are already facing challenges in the labor market,
and that improved educational outcomes from redshirting
could enhance their future job prospects. An extra year could
ultimately equip them better for long-term success.

7.Question
What does the author suggest regarding vocational
education and its relevance for boys?
Answer:The author suggests significant investment in
vocational education, stating it is often undervalued
compared to the traditional academic track, yet many boys do
better with hands-on learning. He advocates creating more
vocational programs and technical schools to provide diverse

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pathways to success.

8.Question
Why does the author emphasize the need for a diverse
teacher workforce?
Answer:The author emphasizes that having a diverse teacher
workforce, including both males and females, can provide
various perspectives and role models for students, which
contributes to their overall educational experience and
reduces stereotypes about gender roles in caregiving and
education.

9.Question
What challenges does the proposal to redshirt boys face
from a legal perspective according to the author?
Answer:The author acknowledges that legal challenges may
arise, particularly concerning claims of sex discrimination
based on differing developmental needs of boys and girls.
However, he argues that the proposal merely adjusts the age
at which boys advance in the education system based on their
developmental needs, rather than excluding anyone.

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10.Question
How might the education reforms discussed impact
gender equality according to the author?
Answer:The proposed reforms aim to provide equitable
opportunities for boys, recognizing their developmental
needs in comparison to girls. This approach seeks to foster
true equality by addressing differences in educational
trajectories, ultimately enhancing educational success for all
genders.
Chapter 11 | MEN CAN HEAL| Q&A
1.Question
What does the author suggest about the perceptions of
boys regarding career roles?
Answer:The author illustrates that boys often
perceive certain professions, such as teaching and
nursing, as female-dominated and may not consider
them as viable career options for themselves. This
perception limits their career choices and potential
contributions to these fields.

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2.Question
How does the author propose to mitigate the shortage of
male workers in HEAL occupations?
Answer:The author proposes creating a structured pipeline in
the education system to promote HEAL careers to boys,
similar to initiatives that have successfully encouraged
women into STEM fields. This includes awareness
campaigns like 'He Can HEAL' and providing
service-learning opportunities.

3.Question
In what ways does the author connect the issue of gender
representation in HEAL professions to broader societal
needs?
Answer:The author connects gender representation in HEAL
professions to crucial societal needs by highlighting the labor
shortages in healthcare and education. By attracting more
men into these fields, it would not only help fill these gaps
but also provide a better gender balance in service provision.

4.Question
What initiatives or policies are suggested to support men

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entering HEAL careers?
Answer:The author suggests several initiatives including
financial incentives, scholarships specifically for men
entering HEAL careers, and public campaigns aimed at
reshaping perceptions of masculinity in these roles, as well as
promoting male role models in these professions.

5.Question
How does the author relate the concept of 'identity
economics' to men's choices regarding careers in HEAL
fields?
Answer:The author references 'identity economics' to
illustrate that men face societal costs when they break
traditional gender norms by pursuing careers in HEAL fields.
These costs can discourage them from entering such
professions, contributing to the gender imbalance.

6.Question
What impact did the pandemic have on the job demand in
HEAL sectors, according to the text?
Answer:The pandemic exacerbated pre-existing staffing

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shortages in HEAL sectors, particularly in nursing,
highlighting an urgent need for more qualified workers as
many healthcare professionals faced burnout and retirement.

7.Question
Why is it important to improve the gender match between
service providers and clients in HEAL professions?
Answer:Improving gender match is important because it can
enhance the comfort level for clients, particularly men, in
seeking help in services like mental health counseling, where
male clients may feel more at ease discussing issues with
male providers.

8.Question
What role does cultural perception play in careers within
HEAL fields, according to the author?
Answer:Cultural perception plays a significant role in
shaping career choices, as media representations and societal
stereotypes contribute to the stigmatization of men in HEAL
professions, reinforcing the idea that these roles are
unsuitable for them.

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9.Question
What financial strategies does the author suggest to
encourage men to pursue HEAL occupations?
Answer:The author suggests allocating funds for scholarships
aimed at men, offering financial support for those entering
HEAL careers, and providing employer incentives to hire
more men, emulating successful strategies from the
women-into-STEM movement.

10.Question
What is the '30 by 30' goal mentioned in the chapter?
Answer:The '30 by 30' goal refers to the objective of
achieving 30% male representation in HEAL occupations by
2030, aiming to recruit over 3 million more men into these
vital sectors.
Chapter 12 | NEW DADS| Q&A
1.Question
What significant cultural shift regarding fatherhood does
Richard V. Reeves highlight in Chapter 12 of 'Of Boys
and Men'?
Answer:Reeves emphasizes a shift from traditional

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models of fatherhood, primarily seen as economic
providers, to more expansive roles that include
caregiving and emotional support, advocating for a
new understanding of fathers as essential, active
figures in their children's lives.

2.Question
What is the evolutionary basis for fathers' involvement in
child-rearing, according to the chapter?
Answer:Fathers have evolved as crucial contributors to
child-rearing, originally motivated by the need to provide
food and protection, which have led to a pivotal role in the
survival and development of their children.

3.Question
How does engaging fatherhood correlate with positive
outcomes for children?
Answer:Engaged fathers are linked to numerous positive
outcomes for children, including better mental health, higher
academic success, improved social skills, and lower rates of
teen delinquency.

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4.Question
What unique contributions do fathers make compared to
mothers in parenting?
Answer:Fathers uniquely contribute through protection and
teaching, fostering resilience and independence in children
during their developmental stages.

5.Question
Discuss the importance of fathers during the adolescent
years according to the chapter.
Answer:During adolescence, fathers play a critical role in
helping children establish independence and navigate risks,
which is vital for their mental health and academic
achievements.

6.Question
What policies does Reeves propose to support a modern
understanding of fatherhood?
Answer:He proposes policies such as equal and independent
parental leave for fathers, a reformed child support system
that considers non-monetary contributions, and
father-friendly employment opportunities to encourage more

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direct involvement from dads.

7.Question
What challenges do unmarried fathers face in
establishing their parental roles?
Answer:Unmarried fathers often struggle due to legal
systems that prioritize mothers' rights, requiring them to
navigate complex processes to gain custody and visitation
while simultaneously facing financial obligations.

8.Question
How does Reeves redefine a successful fatherhood model
in relation to employment?
Answer:Reeves calls for 'father-friendly' jobs that allow for
flexible working arrangements, enabling fathers to balance
work and caregiving responsibilities effectively, thus
enhancing their involvement with their children.

9.Question
What future does Reeves envision for the role of fathers
within family dynamics?
Answer:He envisions a future where fatherhood is
recognized as an independent and equally vital role in the

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family structure, promoting strong connections between
fathers and their children regardless of their relationship
status with the mother.

10.Question
How can societal perceptions of fatherhood evolve
according to Reeves?
Answer:Societal perceptions can evolve by promoting the
understanding that caregiving and emotional support are
essential qualities for fathers, emphasizing that fathers can be
nurturing and involved in a children's lives just as much as
mothers.

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Of Boys and Men Quiz and Test
Check the Correct Answer on Bookey Website

Chapter 1 | GIRLS RULE| Quiz and Test

1.Boys are currently performing better than girls in
education.
2.Boys' slower brain development contributes to their
educational struggles.
3.Women are earning a majority of higher education degrees,
while men have made equal gains in traditionally female
fields.
Chapter 2 | WORKING MAN BLUES| Quiz and
Test
1.Men are losing ground in the labor market due to
individual failings rather than structural issues.
2.The gender pay gap has narrowed primarily because of
equal advancement among men and women in the labor
market.
3.Men are more likely than women to have the skills needed
in an economy that values emotional intelligence over

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 physical skills.
Chapter 3 | DISLOCATED DADS| Quiz and Test
1.In the mid-20th century, societal attitudes towards
marriage and gender roles began to change,
highlighted by commencement speeches from
Adlai Stevenson and Gloria Steinem.
2.The traditional role of fathers as primary providers has
adapted successfully to women's growing economic
independence, maintaining a harmonious family structure.
3.Cultural perceptions of masculinity have evolved in step
with economic changes, reducing pressures on men to be
the primary financial providers.

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Chapter 4 | DWIGHT’S GLASSES| Quiz and Test
1.Black men in America do not face distinct
challenges that are different from those faced by
men of other races.
2.The concept of intersectionality can only be applied to
Black women and not to Black men.
3.Statistics indicate that Black men have made significant
strides in educational attainment compared to their peers.
Chapter 5 | CLASS CEILING| Quiz and Test
1.Deaths of despair primarily affect middle-aged,
less-educated white men.
2.The economic struggles of men have strengthened
relationships within families by encouraging male
involvement as primary earners.
3.Boys tend to suffer more significantly from economic and
social disadvantages compared to girls, according to the
chapter.
Chapter 6 | NON-RESPONDERS| Quiz and Test
1.Research indicates that educational programs

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 have disproportionately benefited girls and women
while having little effect on boys and men.
2.The Kalamazoo Promise has significantly improved college
completion rates for men, matching the success seen in
women.
3.Cultural shifts have led to an increase in motivation and
aspiration among young men compared to young women.

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Chapter 7 | MAKING MEN| Quiz and Test
1.Biological variations manifest in aggression, risk
preferences, and sex drive, which are typically
more pronounced in females.
2.Cultural attitudes toward male sexuality reflect and shape
the expression of sexual desires.
3.Masculinity is considered more socially constructed than
femininity, making womanhood subject to societal
pressures and expectations.
Chapter 8 | PROGRESSIVE BLINDNESS| Quiz and
Test
1.The term 'toxic masculinity' gained widespread
use due to the rise of Donald Trump and the
#MeToo movement.
2.The author believes that all aspects of masculine identity
are inherently problematic and should be pathologized.
3.The political Left fully recognizes the systemic causes that
contribute to men's mental health issues.
Chapter 9 | SEEING RED| Quiz and Test

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1.Senator Josh Hawley addressed the National
Conservatism Conference and claimed that
traditional masculine virtues are being redefined
as toxic by the Left.
2.Jordan Peterson’s views simplify complex social dynamics
by attributing gender disparities solely to biological
differences.
3.Conservative perspectives encourage progress for women
as a way to address men's struggles in society.

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Chapter 10 | REDSHIRT THE BOYS| Quiz and Test
1.Boys benefit academically from starting school
later, which can narrow the gender gap in
education.
2.Redshirting is beneficial only for wealthy families and has
no positive effects on lower-income boys.
3.The chapter highlights the need for more male teachers in
schools to positively impact boys' academic performance.
Chapter 11 | MEN CAN HEAL| Quiz and Test
1.The chapter advocates for more men to enter
traditionally female-dominated fields such as
healthcare and education due to declining job
opportunities in male-dominated sectors.
2.The author suggests that HEAL jobs are experiencing a
decline in job availability compared to STEM fields.
3.The chapter proposes financial incentives and educational
pipelines as part of a plan to increase male representation in
HEAL careers.
Chapter 12 | NEW DADS| Quiz and Test

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1.Traditional perceptions of fatherhood still
dominate the cultural landscape despite the rise of
working mothers.
2.Stay-at-home fathers have become a common and accepted
norm in modern society.
3.Active engagement by fathers is crucial during adolescence
as it fosters independence and responsible risk-taking in
children.

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