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Process and State Diagram

A process is a program in execution, representing the basic unit of work in a system, and is divided into four sections: stack, heap, text, and data. The process life cycle includes five states: Start, Ready, Running, Waiting, and Terminated, each representing a different stage in the execution of a process. These states may vary across different operating systems, but generally follow this sequence as a process is created, scheduled, executed, and eventually terminated.

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43 views1 page

Process and State Diagram

A process is a program in execution, representing the basic unit of work in a system, and is divided into four sections: stack, heap, text, and data. The process life cycle includes five states: Start, Ready, Running, Waiting, and Terminated, each representing a different stage in the execution of a process. These states may vary across different operating systems, but generally follow this sequence as a process is created, scheduled, executed, and eventually terminated.

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Process

A process is basically a program in execution. The execution of a process must progress in a sequential fashion.
A process is defined as an entity which represents the basic unit of work to be implemented in the system.
To put it in simple terms, we write our computer programs in a text file and when we execute this program, it becomes
a process which performs all the tasks mentioned in the program.
When a program is loaded into the memory and it becomes a process, it can be divided into four sections ─ stack,
heap, text and data.

Process Life Cycle


When a process executes, it passes through different states. These stages may differ in different operating systems,
and the names of these states are also not standardized.
In general, a process can have one of the following five states at a time.

S.N. State & Description

1 Start
This is the initial state when a process is first started/created.

2 Ready
The process is waiting to be assigned to a processor. Ready processes are waiting to have the
processor allocated to them by the operating system so that they can run. Process may come into
this state after Start state or while running it by but interrupted by the scheduler to assign CPU to
some other process.

3 Running
Once the process has been assigned to a processor by the OS scheduler, the process state is set to
running and the processor executes its instructions.

4 Waiting
Process moves into the waiting state if it needs to wait for a resource, such as waiting for user
input, or waiting for a file to become available.

5 Terminated or Exit
Once the process finishes its execution, or it is terminated by the operating system, it is moved to
the terminated state where it waits to be removed from main memory.

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