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Human Health and Disease Notes Hinglish

The document provides detailed notes on human health and disease, covering definitions of health and disease, types of diseases, pathogens, immunity, and specific diseases such as AIDS and cancer. It discusses various aspects of immunity, including innate and acquired immunity, vaccination, and lymphoid organs. Additionally, it addresses drug and alcohol abuse, their effects, and prevention strategies.

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Dhruv Tanwar
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14 views2 pages

Human Health and Disease Notes Hinglish

The document provides detailed notes on human health and disease, covering definitions of health and disease, types of diseases, pathogens, immunity, and specific diseases such as AIDS and cancer. It discusses various aspects of immunity, including innate and acquired immunity, vaccination, and lymphoid organs. Additionally, it addresses drug and alcohol abuse, their effects, and prevention strategies.

Uploaded by

Dhruv Tanwar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class 12 Biology – Chapter: Human Health and Disease

Detailed Notes in Table Format (Hinglish)

Topic Details (Hinglish Explanation)


1. Health Health = Physical + Mental + Social well-
being. Not just disease-free.
Good health promotes productivity and
efficiency.
2. Disease Abnormal condition that affects body
functions.
Types: Congenital (birth se), Acquired
(baad me)
3. Types of Diseases (i) Infectious – Pathogen se hoti hai, spread
hoti hai.
(ii) Non-infectious – Genetic, nutritional ya
lifestyle se hoti hai.
4. Pathogens Disease-causing organisms:
Bacteria, Virus, Protozoa, Fungi, Helminths
5. Common Bacterial Diseases Typhoid: Salmonella typhi – via
contaminated food/water
Pneumonia: Streptococcus pneumoniae –
affects lungs, spread by droplets
6. Common Viral Diseases Common Cold – Rhinovirus, throat and
nasal infection
Dengue, Chikungunya – mosquito-borne
7. Protozoan Diseases Malaria: Plasmodium via female Anopheles
mosquito
Amoebiasis: Entamoeba histolytica,
spreads via contaminated food/water
8. Helminthic Diseases Ascariasis: Roundworm (intestine
infection)
Filariasis: Wuchereria (causes
elephantiasis)
9. Immunity Ability of body to fight against pathogens
10. Innate Immunity Present from birth, non-specific
Includes: Skin, mucous, saliva, phagocytes
11. Acquired Immunity Develops after birth, specific
Involves: Lymphocytes (B-cells & T-cells),
Antibodies
12. Active Immunity Body khud antibodies banata hai
Via natural infection or vaccination
13. Passive Immunity Ready-made antibodies milti hain (e.g.,
mother to baby via milk or injection)
14. Vaccination Weakened or dead pathogen body me daal
ke immunity develop karte hain
Example: BCG, OPV, Hepatitis vaccines
15. Lymphoid Organs Primary: Bone marrow (B-cell mature),
Thymus (T-cell mature)
Secondary: Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils,
Peyer's patches
16. AIDS (HIV) Cause: HIV (Retrovirus)
Affects: Helper T-cells
Transmission: Sexual contact, infected
blood, mother to child
Test: ELISA
No cure, prevention is key
17. Cancer Uncontrolled cell division
Benign: Non-cancerous
Malignant: Cancerous (spreads =
metastasis)
Causes: Carcinogens, genes, radiation
18. Cancer Detection Biopsy, CT scan, MRI, blood tests
19. Cancer Treatment Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy
20. Allergy Immune system overreacts to allergens
Mediators: Histamine from mast cells
Symptoms: Sneezing, itching, rashes
21. Autoimmunity Immune system attacks own body cells
Example: Rheumatoid arthritis
22. Drugs and Alcohol Abuse Drugs: Opioids (morphine), Cannabinoids
(ganja), Coca alkaloids (cocaine)
Effect: Brain damage, loss of control,
physical harm
23. Drug Prevention & Control Awareness, family support, counseling,
peer pressure control, rehab programs

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