MAXIMA - MINIMA

EXERCISE–I
1
Q.1 A cubic f(x) vanishes at x = 2 & has relative minimum/maximum at x = 1 and x = .
3
1
14
If  f ( x ) dx = 3
, find the cubic f (x).
1

x
3 2 2
Q.2 Investigate for maxima & minima for the function, f (x) =  [2 (t  1) (t  2) + 3 (t  1) (t  2) ] dt
1

Q.3 Find the maximum & minimum value for the function ;
(a) y = x + sin 2x , 0  x  2  (b) y = 2 cos 2x  cos 4x , 0  x  
Q.4 Suppose f(x) is real valued polynomial function of degree 6 satisfying the following conditions ;
(a) f has minimum value at x = 0 and 2
(b) f has maximum value at x = 1
f ( x)
x 1 0
1 1
(c) for all x, Limit
x0 ln 0 x 1 = 2.
x
1 0 1
x

Determine f (x).
Q.5 Find the maximum perimeter of a triangle on a given base ‘a’ and having the given vertical angle.
Q.6 The length of three sides of a trapezium are equal, each being 10 cms. Find the maximum area of such a
trapezium.
Q.7 The plan view of a swimming pool consists of a semicircle of radius r attached to a rectangle of length '2r'
and width 's'. If the surface area A of the pool is fixed, for what value of 'r' and 's' the perimeter 'P' of the
pool is minimum.
Q.8 For a given curved surface of a right circular cone when the volume is maximum, prove that the semi
vertical angle is sin1 1 .
3
6
Q.9 Of all the lines tangent to the graph of the curve y = 2 , find the equations of the tangent lines of
x 3
minimum and maximum slope.
Q.10 A statue 4 metres high sits on a column 5.6 metres high. How far from the column must a man, whose eye
level is 1.6 metres from the ground, stand in order to have the most favourable view of statue.

Q.11 By the post office regulations, the combined length & girth of a parcel must not exceed 3 metre. Find the
volume of the biggest cylindrical (right circular) packet that can be sent by the parcel post.

Q.12 A running track of 440 ft. is to be laid out enclosing a football field, the shape of which is a rectangle with
semi circle at each end. If the area of the rectangular portion is to be maximum, find the length of its sides.
22
Use :   .
7

P. No. 16
Q.13 A window of fixed perimeter (including the base of the arch) is in the form of a rectangle surmounted by
a semicircle. The semicircular portion is fitted with coloured glass while the rectangular part is fitted with
clean glass. The clear glass transmits three times as much light per square meter as the coloured glass
does. What is the ratio of the sides of the rectangle so that the window transmits the maximum light?
Q.14 A closed rectangular box with a square base is to be made to contain 1000 cubic feet. The cost of the
material per square foot for the bottom is 15 paise, for the top 25 paise and for the sides 20 paise. The
labour charges for making the box are Rs. 3/-. Find the dimensions of the box when the cost is minimum.
Q.15 Find the area of the largest rectangle with lower base on the x-axis & upper vertices on the
curve y = 12  x2.
Q.16 A trapezium ABCD is inscribed into a semicircle of radius l so that the base AD of the trapezium is a
diameter and the vertices B & C lie on the circumference. Find the base angle  of the trapezium ABCD
which has the greatest perimeter.

ax  b
Q.17 If y = has a turning value at (2, 1) find a & b and show that the turning value is a
(x  1) (x  4)
maximum.
Q.18 Prove that among all triangles with a given perimeter, the equilateral triangle has the maximum area.

Q.19 A sheet of poster has its area 18 m². The margin at the top & bottom are 75 cms and at the sides
50 cms. What are the dimensions of the poster if the area of the printed space is maximum?
x2 y 2
Q.20 A perpendicular is drawn from the centre to a tangent to an ellipse + = 1. Find the greatest value
a 2 b2
of the intercept between the point of contact and the foot of the perpendicular.
x
2
Q.21 Consider the function, F (x) =  (t  t ) dt , x  R.
1
(a) Find the x and y intercept of F if they exist.
(b) Derivatives F ' (x) and F '' (x).
(c) The intervals on which F is an increasing and the invervals on which F is decreasing.
(d) Relative maximum and minimum points.
(e) Any inflection point.
Q.22 A beam of rectangular cross section must be sawn from a round log of diameter d. What should the
width x and height y of the cross section be for the beam to offer the greatest resistance (a) to compression;
(b) to bending. Assume that the compressive strength of a beam is proportional to the area of the cross
section and the bending strength is proportional to the product of the width of section by the square of its
height.
Q.23 What are the dimensions of the rectangular plot of the greatest area which can be laid out within a triangle
of base 36 ft. & altitude 12 ft ? Assume that one side of the rectangle lies on the base of the triangle.

Q.24 The flower bed is to be in the shape of a circular sector of radius r & central angle . If the area is fixed
& perimeter is minimum, find r and .

Q.25 The circle x2 + y2 = 1 cuts the x-axis at P & Q. Another circle with centre at Q and varable radius
intersects the first circle at R above the x-axis & the line segment PQ at S. Find the maximum area of
the triangle QSR.

P. No. 17
 EXERCISE–II
3
Q.1 The mass of a cell culture at time t is given by, M (t) =
1  4e  t
(a) Find Lim M ( t ) and Lim M ( t )
t   t 

dM 1
(b) Show that = M (3  M )
dt 3
(c) Find the maximum rate of growth of M and also the vlaue of t at which occurs.
Q.2 Find the cosine of the angle at the vertex of an isosceles triangle having the greatest area for the given
constant length l of the median drawn to its lateral side.

Q.3 From a fixed point A on the circumference of a circle of radius 'a', let the perpendicular AY fall on the
tangent at a point P on the circle, prove that the greatest area which the APY can have
a2
is 3 3 sq. units.
8
Q.4 Given two points A ( 2 , 0) & B (0 , 4) and a line y = x. Find the co-ordinates of a point M on this line
so that the perimeter of the  AMB is least.
Q.5 A given quantity of metal is to be casted into a half cylinder i.e. with a rectangular base and semicircular
ends. Show that in order that total surface area may be minimum , the ratio of the height of the cylinder
to the diameter of the semi circular ends is /(+ 2).
Q.6 Depending on the values of p R, find the value of 'a' for which the equation x3 + 2 px2 + p = a has three
distinct real roots.
Q.7 Show that for each a > 0 the function eax. xa² has a maximum value say F (a), and that F (x) has a
minimum value, ee/2.
1a
3
Q.8 For a > 0, find the minimum value of the integral  (a  4 x  a 5 x 2 )e ax dx .
0
1
x
Q.9 Find the maximum value of the integral  | x  a |e dx where | a |  1.
1

x ln x when x  0

Q.10 Consider the function f (x) = 
 0 for x  0
(a) Find whether f is continuous at x = 0 or not.
(b) Find the minima and maxima if they exist.
(c) Does f ' (0) ? Find Lim f ' ( x ) .
x 0
(d) Find the inflection points of the graph of y = f (x)..
Q.11 Consider the function y = f (x) = ln (1 + sin x) with – 2  x  2. Find
(a) the zeroes of f (x)
(b) inflection points if any on the graph
(c) local maxima and minima of f (x)
(d) asymptotes of the graph 2
(e) sketch the graph of f (x) and compute the value of the definite integral  f (x ) dx .
 2

P. No. 18
Q.12 A right circular cone is to be circumscribed about a sphere of a given radius. Find the ratio of the altitude
of the cone to the radius of the sphere, if the cone is of least possible volume.
Q.13 Find the point on the curve 4 x² + a²y² = 4 a², 4 < a² < 8 that is farthest from the point (0 ,  2).

3 2 5
Q.14 Find the set of value of m for the cubic x3 – x + = log1 4 (m) has 3 distinct solutions.
2 2
Q.15 Let A (p2,  p) , B (q2, q) , C (r2,  r) be the vertices of the triangle ABC. A parallelogram AFDE is drawn
with vertices D, E & F on the line segments BC, CA & AB respectively. Using calculus, show that
1
maximum area of such a parallelogram is : (p + q) (q + r) (p – r).
4
Q.16 A cylinder is obtained by revolving a rectangle about the x  axis , the base of the rectangle lying on the
x  axis and the entire rectangle lying in the region between the curve
x
y = 2 & the x  axis. Find the maximum possible volume of the cylinder..
x 1
Q.17 For what values of ‘a’ does the function f (x) = x3 + 3 (a  7) x2 + 3 (a2  9) x  1 have a positive point
of maximum.
Q.18 Among all regular triangular prism with volume V, find the prism with the least sum of lengths of all edges.
How long is the side of the base of that prism?
Q.19 A segment of a line with its extremities on AB and AC bisects a triangle ABC with sides a, b, c into two
equal areas. Find the length of the shortest segment.
Q.20 What is the radius of the smallest circular disk large enough to cover every acute isosceles triangle of a
given perimeter L?

Q.21 Find the magnitude of the vertex angle ‘’ of an isosceles triangle of the given area ‘A’ such that the
radius ‘r’ of the circle inscribed into the triangle is the maximum.
Q.22 Prove that the least perimeter of an isosceles triangle in which a circle of radius r can be inscribed
is 6 r 3 .
Q.23 The function f (x) defined for all real numbers x has the following properties
(i) f (0) = 0, f (2) = 2 and f ' (x) = k(2x – x2)e –x for some constant k > 0. Find
(a) the intervals on which f is increasing and decreasing and any local maximum or minimum values.
(b) the intervals on which the graph f is concave down and concave up.
(c) the function f (x) and plot its graph.

Q.24 Find the minimum value of | sin x + cos x + tan x + cot x + sec x + cosec x | for all real x.
2x 
Q.25 Use calculus to prove the inequality, sin x  in 0  x  .
 2
x2 
You may use the inequality to prove that, cos x  1 – in 0  x 
 2

P. No. 19
 ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE–I
Q.1 f (x) = x3 + x2  x + 2 Q.2 max. at x = 1 ; f(1) = 0 , min. at x = 7/5 ; f(7/5) =  108/3125
Q.3 (a) Max at x = 2 , Max value = 2 , Min. at x = 0 , Min value = 0
(b) Max at x = /6 & also at x = 5 /6 and
Max value = 3/2 , Min at x = /2 , Min value =  3
2 6 12 5
Q.4 f (x) = x  x + 2 x4 Q.5 Pmax = a  1  cos ec   Q.6 75 3 sq. units
3 5  2

2A 2A
Q.7 r= s = Q.9 3x + 4y – 9 = 0 ; 3x – 4y + 9 = 0 Q.10 4 2 m
4 4
Q.11 1/ cu m Q.12 110 ' , 70 ' Q.13 6/(6 + ) Q.14 side 10', height 10'
Q.15 32 sq. units Q.16  = 600 Q.17 a = 1, b = 0 Q.19 width 2 3 m, length 3 3 m
2
Q.20 a  bQ.21 (a) (–1, 0), (0, 5/6) ; (b) F ' (x) = (x – x), F '' (x) = 2x – 1,
(c) increasing (– , 0)  (1, ), decreasing (0, 1) ; (d) (0, 5/6) ; (1, 2/3) ; (e) x = 1/2
d d 2
Q.22 (a) x = y = , (b) x = , y= d Q.23 6' × 18' Q.24 r = A ,  = 2 radians
2 3 3
4
Q.25
3 3
EXERCISE–II
3
Q.1 (a) 0, 3, (c) , t = ln 4 Q.2 cos A = 0.8 Q.4 (0 , 0)
4
32 p 3 32 p 3
Q.6 p < a < + p if p > 0 ; + p < a < p if p < 0 Q.8 4 when a = 2
27 27
2
Q.9 Maximum value is (e + e–1) when a = – 1 Q.10 (a) f is continuous at x = 0 ; (b) – ;
e
(c) does not exist, does not exist ; (d) pt. of inflection x = 1 Q.11 (a) x = – 2, – , 0, , 2,
 3 3 
(b) no inflection point, (c) maxima at x = and – and no minima,(d) x = and x = – , (e) –  ln 2
2 2 2 2
 1 1 
Q.12 4 Q.13 (0 , 2) & max. distance = 4 Q.14 m  ,  Q.16
 32 16  4
1/ 3
 4V  (c  a  b)(a  b  c)
Q.17 ( ,  3)  (3 , 29/7) Q.18 H = x =   Q.19
 3 2

Q.20 L/4 Q.21
3
Q.23 (a) increasing in (0, 2) and decreasing in (–, 0)  (2, ), local min. value = 0 and local max. value = 2
(b) concave up for (– , 2 – 2 )  (2 + 2 , ) and concave down in (2 – 2 ), (2 + 2)
1 2 ·x 2
(c) f (x) = e ·x Q.24 2 2  1
2

P. No. 20
P. No. 21