NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AGARTALA

Structural Analysis-II
(UCE07E21)

RICHI PRASAD SHARMA

Professor in Civil Engineering
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AGARTALA
Email: [email protected]
[email protected]
Mobile:+919436463474

8/7/2024 1
 Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis
Flexibility Method

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Flexibility Matrix Method
Here degree of statically
P Q
inderminancy
𝐷 = 𝑝 + 2𝑞 − 3𝑟 − 3 = 2
1 2 Let reactions at support B
A C
𝐿𝐴𝐵 ,EI B and C are redundant
𝐿𝐵𝐶 ,EI unknown reaction
Fig. 3.1(a)
components respectively.
P 𝑅1 Q And reactions are 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 .
𝑅2
Removing Redundant forces
=

𝑅1 and 𝑅2 , displacement
A determinate structure as per
∆𝑅𝐿1 ∆𝑅𝐿2 applied load is shown in
+ Fig. 3.1(b) figure 3.1(b).
Displacement shape due to
∆21 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑅1 is shown
∆11
in figure 3.1(c). Also
Fig. 3.1(c) Displacement shape due to
𝑅1
+ 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑅2 is shown
∆22 in figure 3.1(d).
∆12

8/7/2024 Fig. 3.1(d) 𝑅2 3

As per displacement shape of figures 2.1 to 2,1 d, the governing
conditions are
∆𝑅𝐿1 + ∆11 + ∆12 = 0
∆𝑅𝐿2 + ∆21 + ∆22 = 0 (3.1)
Now using the flexibility of 𝐹21
Figures 3.1(e) and 3.1(f), we 𝐹11
obtain Fig. 3.1(e)
∆11 = 𝑅1 × 𝐹11 + 1
∆21 = 𝑅1 × 𝐹21 𝐹22
∆12 = 𝑅2 × 𝐹12 𝐹12
∆22 = 𝑅2 × 𝐹22
Fig. 3.1(f)
Putting these values, in equation (3.1), we obtain 1
∆𝑅𝐿1 + 𝑅1 × 𝐹11 + 𝑅2 × 𝐹12 = 0
∆𝑅𝐿2 + 𝑅1 × 𝐹21 + 𝑅2 × 𝐹22 = 0 (3.2)
If ∆𝑅1 and ∆𝑅2 be the actual deformation
∆𝑅𝐿1 + 𝑅1 × 𝐹11 + 𝑅2 × 𝐹12 = ∆𝑅1
∆𝑅𝐿2 + 𝑅1 × 𝐹21 + 𝑅2 × 𝐹22 = ∆𝑅2 (3.3)

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 Equation (3.3) can be written in matrix form as
∆𝑅𝐿1 + 𝑅1 × 𝐹11 + 𝑅2 × 𝐹12 = ∆𝑅1
∆𝑅𝐿2 + 𝑅1 × 𝐹21 + 𝑅2 × 𝐹22 = ∆𝑅2 (3.3)

∆𝑅𝐿1 𝐹 𝐹12 𝑅1 ∆𝑅1

+ 11 =
∆𝑅𝐿2 𝐹21 𝐹22 𝑅2 ∆𝑅2

∴ ∆𝑅𝐿 2×1 + 𝐹 2×2 𝑅 2×1 = ∆𝑅 2×1

→ 𝐹 𝑅 = ∆𝑅 − ∆𝑅𝐿

𝑅 = 𝐹 −1 ∆𝑅 − ∆𝑅𝐿

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Example 3.1: Analysis the structure shown in Fig. 3.2 using flexibility matrix method.

P
𝑀𝐵 = 𝑅2

A B
L/2 L/2
Fig. 3.2 𝑅𝐵 = 𝑅1

Solution:
Here degree of statically indeterminancy D=p+2q+3r-3=0+0+3x2-3=3
Here applied force is vertical, so 𝐻𝐴 = 𝐻𝐵 = 0
∴𝐷 =3−1= 2
Let 𝑅𝐵 = 𝑅1 and 𝑀𝐵 = 𝑅2 are two redundant components.
Releasing two redundant it will become single cantilever beam as shown in Fig. 3.2(a)

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 P

𝑃𝐿 1 𝐿 𝐿 2 𝐿
A B ∆𝑅𝐿1 = − 2𝐸𝐼 × 2 × 2 + ×2
2 3
L/2 L/2 5𝑃𝐿3
∆𝑅𝐿1 = − 48𝐸𝐼
Fig. 3.2(a) Release structure∆𝑅𝐿2 𝑃𝐿 1 𝐿
∆𝑅𝐿2 = − 2𝐸𝐼 × 2 × 2
𝑃𝐿2
= − 8𝐸𝐼
𝑃𝐿 5𝑃𝐿3
2𝐸𝐼 Conjugate
P beam ∆𝑅𝐿1 − 48𝐸𝐼
∆𝑅𝐿 = =
𝐹21 ∆𝑅𝐿2 𝑃𝐿2
𝐹11 −
8𝐸𝐼
B Due to unit vales of 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 flexible
A L/2 L/2
coefficient are
1 1 𝐿 2 𝐿3
𝐿
𝐸𝐼
𝑓11 = × 𝐿 × × × 𝐿 =
2 𝐸𝐼 3 3𝐸𝐼
1 𝐿 𝐿2
1 𝑓21 = × 𝐿 × =
𝐹12 2 𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
1 𝐿 𝐿2
𝑓12 = 𝐿 × × =
1 𝐸𝐼 2 2𝐸𝐼
𝐿
𝐸𝐼 𝑓22 =
𝐸𝐼
7
8/7/2024
 𝐿3 𝐿2 𝐿 𝐿2
−
𝐹 = 3𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼 Adj 𝐹 = 𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝐿2 𝐿 𝐿2
− 2𝐸𝐼
𝐿3
3𝐸𝐼
2𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
𝐿4 𝐿4 𝐿4
𝐹 = 2 − 4 𝐸𝐼 2 = 2
3 𝐸𝐼 12 𝐸𝐼

𝐿 𝐿2
− 2𝐸𝐼
𝐸𝐼
𝐿2 𝐿3 12𝐸𝐼 6𝐸𝐼
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝐹 − 2𝐸𝐼 3 − 2
−1 3𝐸𝐼 𝐿 𝐿
𝐹 = = =
𝐹 𝐿4 6𝐸𝐼 4𝐿
12 𝐸𝐼 2 − 2
𝐿 𝐸𝐼

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 Now
𝑅1
𝑅 = = 𝐹 −1 ∆𝑅 − ∆𝑅𝐿
𝑅2
12𝐸𝐼 6𝐸𝐼 5𝑃𝐿3
− −
3 𝐿2 0 48𝐸𝐼
= 𝐿 −
6𝐸𝐼 4𝐿 0 𝑃𝐿2
− 2 −
𝐿 𝐸𝐼 8𝐸𝐼
60 6 𝑃
𝑃− 𝑃
= 48 8 = 2
30𝑃𝐿 4𝑃𝐿 𝑃𝐿
− + −
48 8 8

𝑃
∴ 𝑅1 = 𝑅𝑏 =
2
𝑃𝐿
𝑅2 = 𝑀𝐵 = 8 (clockwise)

Draw Shear force and Bending moment Diagram

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 Example 3.2: Analysis the structure shown in Fig. 3.3 using flexibility Method if the
supports B and C settle by 10 mm and 5 mm respectively. Also draw S.F.D and
B.M.D. Take 𝐸𝐼 = 4 × 1012 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚2 .

5 kN/m (down ward) 80 kN

2.5m
B C
A
𝐼 2𝐼
4m 5m

Fig. 3.3

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 5 kN/m (down ward) 80 kN
2.5m Solution:
B Here D=2
A C
Let 𝑅𝐵 = 𝑅1 and 𝑅𝐶 = 𝑅2 are
𝐼 2𝐼 redundant
4m 5m
Removing the support B and C,
5 kN/m (down ward) 80 kN the structure becomes
2.5m cantilever beam
B C
A
∆𝑅𝐿1
𝐼 2𝐼 ∆𝑅𝐿2
100
𝐸𝐼
520
𝐸𝐼 100
𝐸𝐼
40
𝐸𝐼

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By using moment area theorem
1 200 1 1 520 2 1 40 3
∆𝑅𝐿1 = − × 4 × × ×4+ ×4× × ×4+ ×4× × ×4
2 𝐸𝐼 3 2 𝐸𝐼 3 3 𝐸𝐼 4
10400
=−
3𝐸𝐼

1 200 1 1 520 2 1
∆𝑅𝐿2 = − ×4× × 5+ ×4 + ×4× × 5+ ×4 +
2 𝐸𝐼 3 2 𝐸𝐼 3 2
100 2 1 40 3
× 2.5 × 2.5 + × 2.5 + × 4 × × 5+ ×4
𝐸𝐼 3 3 𝐸𝐼 4
34362.5
=−
3𝐸𝐼

The flexibility matrix may be found out by unit force along

𝑅1 and 𝑅2 at B and C respectively.

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 1 4 2 64
𝑓11 = ×4× × ×4=
2 𝐸𝐼 3 3𝐸𝐼
1 4 2
𝑓21 𝑓21 = × 4 × × 5 + × 4
2 𝐸𝐼 3
A 𝑓11 184
B C =
𝐼 2𝐼 3𝐸𝐼
1 1 5 1 1
𝑓12 = × 4 × × × 4 +
4 2 𝐸𝐼 3 2
9 2
𝐸𝐼 ×4× × ×4
𝐸𝐼 3
184
=
3𝐸𝐼
𝑓22 1 5 1
𝑓22 = × 4 × × 5 + × 4
𝑓12 2 𝐸𝐼 3
A C
B 1 9
𝐼 2𝐼 + ×4×
5 1 2 𝐸𝐼
𝐸𝐼 2 1
9 × 5+ ×4 +
3 2
𝐸𝐼
2.5 2
2.5 ×5× × ×5
𝐸𝐼 3
𝐸𝐼 666.5
=
3𝐸𝐼
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 Hence flexibility matrix is given by

1 64 184
𝐹 = 3𝐸𝐼
184 666.5
1 1 666.5 −184
𝐹 = 2 × 8800 𝐴𝑑𝑗 𝐹 =
9 𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 −184 64

−1
𝐴𝑑𝑗 𝐹 3𝐸𝐼 666.5 −184
𝐹 = =
𝐹 8800 −184 64

Now
𝑅1 −1
= 𝐹 ∆𝑅 − ∆𝑅𝐿
𝑅2
10400
3𝐸𝐼 666.5 −184 −
= 10 × 10−3 − 3𝐸𝐼
8800 −184 64 5 × 10−3 34362.5
−
3𝐸𝐼
𝑅 𝑅 68.847
∴ 1 = 𝐵 =
𝑅2 𝑅𝐶 32.64

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 5 kN/m (down ward) 80 kN
2.5
B m
A C
D E

4m 5m

32.64 kN
68.8475 kN

Bending moment at mid span of BC, 𝑀𝐸 = 32.64 × 2.5 = 81.6 𝑘𝑁𝑚

𝑀𝐵𝐶 = 32.64 × 5 − 80 × 2.5 = −36.8 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝐷 = 32.64 × 7 − 80 × 4.5 + 68.8475 × 2 − 5 × 2 × 1 = −3.825 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝐴 = 32.64 × 9 − 80 × 6.5 + 68.8475 × 4 − 5 × 4 × 2 = 9.15 𝑘𝑁𝑚

81.6 kNm

9.15 kNm +
+
BMD
-

8/7/2024 36.8 kNm 15

 5 kN/m (down ward) 80 kN
2.5
B m
A C
D E

4m 5m

9.15 𝑘𝑁𝑚 36.8 𝑘𝑁𝑚

1.4875 kN 68.8475 kN 32.64 kN

20 −9.15−36.8
Shear force at A, 𝑉𝐴 = + = −1.4875 𝑘𝑁
2 4

47.36 kN

- SFD
1.4875 kN
21.4875 kN
32.64 kN
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 Example 3.3: Analysis the beam shown in Fig. 3.4 using flexibility Method and
draw S.F.D and B.M.D.

10 kN/m (down ward) 60 kN

4m
B
A C
3𝐼 4𝐼
8m 8m

Fig. 3.4

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 Example 3.4 : Analysis the beam shown in Fig. 3.5 using flexibility Method and
draw S.F.D and B.M.D.

20 kN/m (down ward) 20 kN

5m
B
A C
𝐸𝐼 E𝐼
12m 8m

Fig. 3.5

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Example 3.5: Analysis the rigid frame shown in Fig. 3.56, considering the effect of
axial force using flexibility (force) Method.

𝐿 P 𝐿
2 2
A B

Fig. 3.6 C

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 Solution: Here D=3
Let Let 𝑅𝐵 = 𝑅1 , 𝐻𝐵 = 𝑅2 and 𝑀𝐵 = 𝑅3
are redundant.

𝐿 P 𝐿 Isolating the joint B, the corresponding

2 2 determinate structure shown in Fig. 3.6(b)
B 𝑅2 P
A
𝑅3 ∆𝑅𝐿3 = 0
𝑅1 A
H ∆𝑅𝐿1
Fig. 3.6(a)
𝑃𝐿 ∆𝑅𝐿2
P 2𝐸𝐼
𝑅1
𝑅2 C B 1 𝐿 𝑃𝐿 𝐿 2 𝐿 5𝑃𝐿3
A 𝑅3 ∆𝑅𝐿1 = − × × + =−
2 2 2𝐸𝐼 2 3 2 48𝐸𝐼
𝑅2 𝑅3
𝑅1
1 𝐿 𝑃𝐿 𝑃𝐿2
∆𝑅𝐿2 = − × × =−
Fig. 2 2 2𝐸𝐼 8𝐸𝐼
3.6(b)
∆𝑅𝐿3 = 0
C
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 The coefficients of flexibility matrix are given by

𝑓21 1 𝑓22
𝑓11 𝑓12 𝑓32
A 𝐻 A
𝐸𝐴 1 𝑓22
1
1
𝐿 𝐻
𝑓22 = +
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
𝐿3 𝐻 𝐿2
𝑓11 = + 𝑓12 =
3𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐴 2𝐸𝐼
𝐿2 C C
𝐻2
𝑓21 = 𝑓32 = −
2𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑓31 = 0

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 The flexibility matrix can be written as

A 1 𝐿3 𝐻 𝐿2
1 + 0
3𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝐿2 𝐿 𝐻 𝐻2
𝐹 = + −
𝐻 𝐻3 2𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼 2𝐸𝐼
𝑓33 = + 𝐻2 𝐿 𝐻3
𝐸𝐴 3𝐸𝐼 0 − +
𝐻2 2𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐴 3𝐸𝐼
𝑓23 = −
2𝐸𝐼
𝑓13 = 0 C

So
5𝑃𝐿3
𝑅1 0 −
48𝐸𝐼
𝑅2 = 𝐹 −1
0 − 𝑃𝐿2
𝑅3 0 −
8𝐸𝐼
0

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Example 3.6: Analysis the frame shown in Fig. 3.7 using flexibility (force) Method.

30 kN /m (downward)

B C
50 kN

2m

4m
4m D

Fig. 3.7

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