Q1) Emotions are strong responses that happen when we experience something important.

Every
emotion has three main parts:

1. Physical (Body) Changes:

When we feel emotions, our body reacts. For example, when we are scared, our heart beats
faster, we may start sweating, or our hands might shake. These reactions happen automatically
and are part of our body’s natural response.

2. Behavioral Expression (Action):

Emotions affect how we act. We may smile when we’re happy, cry when we’re sad, or shout
when we’re angry. These expressions show others what we’re feeling and help us communicate
without words.

3. Cognitive (Thinking) Response:

This is how we think about and understand our emotions. For example, when someone insults
us, we might think, “That was rude,” and feel hurt or angry. Our thoughts help us make sense of
what we are feeling.

Difference Between Emotion, Feeling, and Mood

Though they seem similar, emotion, feeling, and mood are different:

 Emotion is a quick and strong reaction to something that happens. It doesn’t last long and
usually comes with physical and mental changes. Example: fear, anger, happiness.

 Feeling is the mental part of an emotion. It’s how we personally experience the emotion.
Feelings help us become aware of our emotions. Example: “I feel nervous” or “I feel excited.”

 Mood is a longer-lasting emotional state. It doesn’t always have a clear reason. You might wake
up in a good mood or feel low the whole day without knowing why.

Example:
You see a snake → You feel fear (emotion) → You say “I’m scared” (feeling) → You stay worried all day
(mood).

Q2) What is Self-Regard?

Self-regard means how much we value, respect, and accept ourselves. It is the ability to look
at ourselves with kindness, knowing that we have both strengths and weaknesses. People with
healthy self-regard understand that they are not perfect, but they still see themselves as worthy
and important. They feel good about who they are, and they don’t need approval from others to
feel confident.
Self-regard does not mean being proud, arrogant, or thinking you are better than others. It
simply means you recognize your own value and treat yourself with the same care and respect
that you offer to others.

Strategies to Develop Self-Regard

1. Practice Self-Acceptance:
Accept yourself the way you are. Know that it’s okay to have flaws. Everyone does.
Speak to yourself kindly, especially when things go wrong.
2. Know Your Strengths:
Write down things you are good at, such as helping others, drawing, writing, or being a
good friend. This helps you see the good in yourself.
3. Set Realistic Goals:
Start with small goals. When you complete them, you will feel proud and more confident.
Success builds self-respect.
4. Use Positive Self-Talk:
Talk to yourself in a nice way. Say, “I can do this,” “I’m learning,” or “I’m improving
every day.”
5. Don’t Compare Yourself to Others:
You are unique. Your journey is different from everyone else’s. Focus on your growth,
not on what others are doing.
6. Learn from Mistakes:
Mistakes are part of life. Instead of feeling bad, ask, “What can I learn from this?”
7. Stay Around Positive People:
Be with people who lift you up, not those who pull you down.

Q3) Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence

The Ability Model of Emotional Intelligence was developed by Peter Salovey and John
Mayer. It explains emotional intelligence as a set of mental abilities that help us understand,
use, and manage emotions — both our own and others'. According to this model, emotional
intelligence is like a skill that we can learn and improve with practice.

This model includes four main abilities (or branches):

1. Perceiving Emotions:
This means recognizing emotions in yourself and in others. It includes noticing facial
expressions, tone of voice, and body language. For example, understanding that someone
is sad by looking at their face.
 2. Using Emotions to Think (Facilitating Thought):
Emotions help us think better and solve problems. For example, feeling excited can help
you be more creative, while feeling serious may help you focus more. This branch is
about using the right emotion to guide your thinking.
3. Understanding Emotions:
This means knowing why you or others feel a certain way, and how emotions change
over time. For example, understanding that frustration can lead to anger or that sadness
can turn into acceptance.
4. Managing Emotions:
This is about controlling emotions in a healthy way. It includes calming yourself when
angry, staying positive in tough times, and helping others manage their emotions too.

Conclusion:

The Ability Model sees emotional intelligence as a mental skill, just like learning math or
reading. The better we become at these four abilities, the more emotionally intelligent we
become. People with high emotional intelligence often have better relationships, handle stress
well, and make wiser decisions.

Q4 (A) Components of Emotional Intelligence

Emotional Intelligence (EI) means understanding and managing emotions — both your own
and others’. It helps in making good decisions, handling stress, and building strong relationships.

The five main components of emotional intelligence were explained by psychologist Daniel
Goleman. They are:

1. Self-Awareness:
This means knowing what you are feeling and why. A self-aware person understands
their emotions and how those emotions affect their thoughts and actions.
2. Self-Regulation:
It means controlling your emotions instead of letting them control you. For example,
staying calm when you're angry or not panicking when stressed.
3. Motivation:
Emotionally intelligent people stay motivated. They don’t give up easily. They have a
positive attitude and work hard to reach their goals.
4. Empathy:
Empathy is understanding how others feel. It means putting yourself in someone else’s
shoes and responding with care and kindness.
5. Social Skills:
This includes communicating well, building good relationships, handling conflicts, and
working well in a team.
Together, these five components help people become more emotionally strong, successful in
their work, and happy in their relationships.

(B) Relation Between EQ and IQ

IQ (Intelligence Quotient) measures how smart a person is in terms of logic, reasoning,
problem-solving, and memory. People with high IQ can learn quickly, solve math problems, and
understand difficult ideas.

EQ (Emotional Quotient) is about understanding emotions — your own and others’. It includes
self-awareness, self-control, empathy, and good social skills. People with high EQ can manage
stress, handle relationships well, and work in teams.

Both EQ and IQ are important in life. IQ helps you do well in school or pass exams, but EQ
helps you deal with people, emotions, and real-life problems.

For example, a person with a high IQ may be good at science or math, but if they can't control
anger or listen to others, they may struggle in a job or relationship. On the other hand, a person
with average IQ but high EQ may succeed by working well with others and handling tough
situations calmly.

In short, IQ helps you get the job, but EQ helps you keep the job and grow. Success in life
needs a balance of both.

Q5 Types of Emotional Competence

Emotional competence means the ability to understand, express, and manage emotions in a
healthy and effective way. It helps people handle daily life challenges, build good relationships,
and make smart decisions.

There are several types of emotional competence:

1. Self-Awareness:
This means recognizing your own emotions. A self-aware person knows when they are
happy, sad, angry, or afraid. They understand how their emotions affect their actions and
thoughts.
 2. Emotional Expression:
This is the ability to express emotions clearly and honestly. For example, saying “I’m
upset” or showing joy through a smile. It helps others understand how you feel.
3. Self-Regulation (or Self-Control):
This is the skill to manage your emotions. It means staying calm during stress, controlling
anger, and thinking before acting.
4. Empathy:
Empathy means understanding how others feel and showing care. It helps build strong
relationships, as it allows you to respond kindly to other people’s emotions.
5. Social Skills:
This includes teamwork, communication, listening, and conflict resolution. A person with
good social skills can talk nicely, make friends easily, and solve disagreements without
fighting.
6. Motivation:
Emotionally competent people are self-motivated. They don’t give up easily and stay
positive even in difficult times. They work hard to reach their goals.

Conclusion:

Emotional competence is not just about feeling emotions but knowing how to handle them in a
smart way. These skills can be learned and improved with practice. A person with strong
emotional competence is usually happier, more confident, and better at dealing with people and
problems.

Q6 Application of Emotional Intelligence at the Workplace

Emotional Intelligence (EI) is very important at the workplace. It helps people work better
together, handle stress, and create a healthy work environment. People with high EI can
understand their own emotions and the emotions of others. This helps improve teamwork,
communication, and performance.

Here are some key ways EI is used at the workplace:

1. Better Communication:
Emotionally intelligent employees can express their thoughts clearly and listen to others
with respect. This helps avoid misunderstandings and improves teamwork.
2. Teamwork and Cooperation:
People with high EI work well in groups. They understand other people's feelings, respect
different opinions, and help create a friendly work culture.
 3. Conflict Resolution:
Conflicts are common at work. EI helps people stay calm, understand both sides, and
solve problems peacefully without anger or blame.
4. Leadership:
Good leaders use emotional intelligence to inspire and guide their teams. They
understand their team’s needs, provide support, and handle pressure well.
5. Handling Stress:
EI helps employees manage stress, deadlines, and pressure without getting upset. They
stay focused and calm, which improves their performance.
6. Decision Making:
Emotions affect decisions. Emotionally intelligent people don’t let anger or fear control
their choices. They think clearly and make better decisions.
7. Motivation and Growth:
EI helps people stay positive, motivated, and open to feedback. They keep learning and
improving.

Conclusion:

In short, emotional intelligence makes the workplace more peaceful, productive, and successful.
It builds better relationships and helps both individuals and teams perform at their best.