Dual-band Fan-Beam Array Antenna for GSM900, DECT and 3G Wireless

Applications

M. NaghshvarianJahromi1 M. NejatiJahromi2 A. Falahti3

Abstract − In this contribution, a fan-beam antenna planar triangular monopole antenna as an array and
employing a non-parasitic reflector in a grounded grounded reflector. It will be shown later that
manner is introduced. A fan-beam antenna is achieved grounded reflector can attenuating the back-lobe of
by 12 elements conventional planar triangular array antenna for wide frequency bandwidth (0.824-
monopole array antenna. This concept is performed by
0.96 and 1.71-2.17 GHz) more than 20 dB. This is
combining planar monopole antenna as an array and
non-parasitic reflector. The dual-band antenna is
demonstrated by using array antennas with 12 planar
designed for 820-1050 MHz and 1700-2200 MHz input triangular monopole elements. The antenna is
impedance matching bandwidth when simulated. The designed for 820-1050 MHz and 1700-2200 MHz
antenna has broad band input impedance band width, input impedance matching bandwidth when
good radiation patterns, very good front to back ratio, simulated. The radiation patterns are obtained at
good cross polar ratio and proper peak gains in 0.824, 0.9 and 0.96 GHz for GSM900, 1.9 GHz for
GSM900, DECT, 3G, 4G bands. This type of antenna DECT, 1.71 and 1.8 GHz in downlink together with
can be constructed easily, cheaply as well as being light 2.11 and 2.17 GHz for uplink for 3G applications
weight for installation.
together with 2 GHz frequency. For the proposed
antenna, back lobe attenuation in E-plane is better
1 INTRODUCTION than -20.3 dBc at 0.824-0.96 and 1.71-2.17 GHz
bands. The cross polar ratio in main beam direction is
Today's the state-of-the-art military and the better than 21.7 dB. In addition the peak gain is
commercial wireless systems require high processing, better than 13 dB in 0.824-0.96 and 1.71-2.17 GHz
high-speed transceivers for system bandwidth, low bands.
system power consumption, and a lightweight as well
as cheap antenna to meet systems ever so increasing
present mobile subscriber's demands. In recent years, 2 The linear array design
several wireless communication applications such as Figure 1 shows a linear array that is aligned in the y-
short-range UWB wireless communications, direction. The far-zone array factor for this linear array
automotive anti-collision radar, and local cellular is identical to that described in [7, 8] and in (1) as:
radio networks are appeared to satisfy these demands N −1
[1-6]. They require high gain as well as desirable side AF ( θ ,ϕ ) = ¦ An e jn( kd sin θ sin ϕ +α ) (1)
lobes level reduction (SLL) with low profiles and n =1
lightweights. where An’s are the amplitude excitation coefficients,
Recently, an array antenna with an extended main
there exists a progressive phase excitation called α
reflector and a sub-radiator is reported in several
papers [4, 5]. In [5, 6], the concept of non parasitic which is between the array elements (Fig. 2), θ and ϕ
reflector is also introduced. In [5], the fan-beam are the angles between the axis of the array (y-axis)
antenna is designed for Ku band and in [6], the mm- and the radial vector from the origin to the observation
wave antenna is investigated with low profile and point respectively, d is the distance array elements and
lightweight around 60 GHz band. Also both antennas k is the wave number.
have gains of about 16 dBi [5] and 15.2 dBi [6]
respectively. However, the single band antennas in
[5] and [6] have narrow input impedance match.
In this paper, the concept of non-parasitic
grounded reflector is developed by composition of

1
Department of Eletrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, 1684613114 Tehran, Iran,
e-mail: [email protected], tel.: +989171901347.
2
Department of Eletrical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Sourth Tehran Branch, Avang Ave., Tehran, Iran,
e-mail: [email protected].
3
Department of Eletrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, 1684613114 Tehran, Iran,
e-mail: [email protected].
978-1-4577-0048-4/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE

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 The simulation results are discussed completely in
section 4. However, for a better insight into the role of
the grounded reflector in pattern shaping, the ϕ = 90ο
cut off array factor and total main antenna pattern are
compared with as shown in Fig 3. The grounded
reflector is attenuating the back lobe (around θ = 180ο)
for about -21.5 dB and also increases the main antenna
gain. For better control of the bandwidth and the H-
plane beam-width, planar monopole elements are very
suitable to deploy.

Figure 1: Linear array of N isotropic elements

positioned along the y-axis [7].

Figure 4: perspective view of the proposed antenna

Figure 2: The currents with linear phase progressions

[8].

For a design of a fan-beam array, the parameters

employed are chosen as: An = 1.0, d = 0.35Ȝ and α =
2ʌ. Fig. 3 shows the array factor in YZ-plane in the
polar plot with dB scales. The maximum SLL for the
array factor (with isotropic elements) is -13.05 dB and (a)
its 3.0 dB beam-width is approximately 12.2 degree.

(b)

Figure 3: The normalized ϕ = 90ο cut off radiation Figure 5: Geometrical parameters of proposed antenna
patterns simulated for f = 960 MHz and d = 0.35Ȝ with (a) reflector and planar ground parameter (b) planar
α = 2ʌ for the array factor. array and feed network parameters

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 Figure 7: Antenna Deviations to achieving correct 2D
radiation pattern.
Figure 6: Magnitude of S11 for proposed antenna.

3 Proposed antennas design

The perspective view of proposed antenna is shown in

Fig. 4. This antenna is made up of two main parts, the
planar array and the main grounded reflector. This
antenna is designed geometrically as shown in Figs. 4
and 5. The array part of these such antennas are
designed and constructed on Rogers RT/duroid 5880
substrate with thickness 1.575 mm (62 mil), relative
dielectric constant ε r of 2.2 and loss tangent about
0.0009. The antenna dimensions are Ws = 167.0 mm,
Ls = 1300.0 mm. The planar part is an array of
conventional triangular planar monopole antennas with Figure 8: Normalized Co-polar Radiation patterns for
W1 = 80.0 mm, W2 = 87.3 mm, W3 = 10.0 mm and L4 proposed antenna after compensated IJH.
= 5.0 mm. The array planar monopoles has unite
ground-plane and the width is Wg = 20.0 mm. The
distance between array element is d1 = 109.7 mm. The 4 Simulation results
reflector part is connected to ground of planar array Figure 6 demonstrates S11 parameter magnitude (dB)
(Fig. 4, 5) which means the reflector does not behave simulation results obtained employing Ansoft HFSS as
as an ordinary parasitic element and the reflector well as CST MICROWAVE STUDIO commercial
parameters in Fig. 5b are Wr = 147.0 mm and hr = software for the proposed antenna. For this antenna ref
110.0 mm. The feed network parameters are: W4 = to VSWR<2, the simulated bandwidth was obtained
3.35 mm, W5 = 1.83 mm, W6 = 0.85 mm, W7 = 3.8, W8 approximately for 0.82-1.05 and 1.7-2.2 GHz.
= 2.65 mm, W9 = 5.7 mm, L1 = 34.8 mm, L2 = 38.8
mm, L3 = 37.8 and r = 12.2 mm. In addition, all array The radiation patterns are obtained by Ansoft
elements are fed with equiphase and equal magnitude HFSS together with the CST MICROWAVE
and all other line design for 50 ohm characteristic STUDIO at 0.824, 0.9 and 0.96 for GSM900, 1.9
impedance. GHz for DECT, 1.71 and 1.8 GHz in downlink

TABLE I. MAIN ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCES OF THE RADIATION PATTERNS AND FOR THE ANTENNA.
Cross Polar
Back-lob level at E- Tilt angle at H- Side-lobe Level for Ratio (dB)
3 dB Beam width
Software plane plane fist above horizon Main lobe
direction
HFSS CST HFSS CST HFSS CST HFSS CST HFSS CST
824 MHz 15.1°×82.2° 14.8°×84.9° -24.4 dBc -27.5 dBc -17.6° -18° -12.4 dBc -12.1 dBc >26.4 >30
900 MHz 14.1°×77.2° 13.8°×83.2° -28.3 dBc -25.7 dBc -17.6° -18° -13.0 dBc -12.2 dBc >24.0 >25
960 MHz 13.3°×78.4° 13.2°×85.0° -21.5 dBc -21.5 dBc -16.4° -17° -13.7 dBc -13.8 dBc >21.7 >22
1710 MHz 7.1°×57.3° 6.9°×60.4° -38.6 dBc -36.4 dBc 2.1° 2.0° -13.7 dBc -13.3 dBc >33 >35
1800 MHz 6.5°×55.8° 6.2°×60.0° -37.2 dBc -32.8 dBc -0.5° 0.0° -13.4 dBc -13.0 dBc >33 >27
1900 MHz 6.4°×54.2° 6.2°×52.5° -28.5 dBc -34.2 dBc 11.0° 9.0° -12.6 dBc -14.0 dBc >24 >25
2000 MHz 6.0°×50.1° 6.1°×49.9° -20.3 dBc -30.5 dBc 11.7° 12° -12.2 dBc -13.2 dBc >32 >27
2100 MHz 5.1°×59.6° 5.0°×62.9° -27.4 dBc -24.6 dBc 9.1° 21° -9.8 dBc -11.9 dBc >26 >26
2170 MHz 5.5°×55.5° 5.3°×55.0° -31.2 dBc -38.7 dBc 6.9° 12° -10.7 dBc -11 dBc >21.7 >25

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 together with 2.11 and 2.17 GHz for uplink for 3G In this paper, a fan-beam antenna employing a non-
applications together with 2 GHz frequency. These parasitic reflector in a grounded manner for GSM900,
patterns have tilt in H-plane (Table 1) and this DECT and 3G wireless applications is introduced.
compensated in each frequency by unique IJH (Fig. 7) The concept of non parasitic grounded reflector is
to achieving correct 2-D radiation pattern in E and H- developed by composition of 12 elements planar
plane. Figs. 8 and 9 show the normalized E and H- triangular monopole antenna as an array and grounded
plane radiation pattern in the operating frequency reflector. This antenna has dual-band input impedance
bands which are mentioned in past sentences for co match throughout the 0.82-1.05 and 1.7-2.2 GHz.
and cross polarization respectively. The radiation Furthermore, this antenna has acceptable radiation
patterns have good behavior for wideband and pattern in desired bands. In addition, by introducing a
multiband wireless applications. For the proposed fan beam type pattern, the gain of proposed antenna is
antenna, back lobe attenuation in E-plane is better better than 13 dBi in both desired bands. The proposed
than -20.3 dBc at 0.824-0.96 and 1.71-2.17 GHz antenna technology permits the realization of diverse
bands. The cross polar ratio in main beam direction is GSM900, DECT, down link and up link in 3G wireless
better than 21.7 dB.
applications.

References

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[2] A. Monk and et al., “An ultra-low profile airborne
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AIAA, Yokohama, Japan, Apr. 15–19, 2003.
Figure 9: Normalized Cross-polar Radiation patterns
[3] I. K. Kim, K. S. Yang, S. Pinel, and J. Laskar,
for proposed antenna with compensated IJH.
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liquid crystal polymer for V-band wireless LAN
Table 1 shows main patterns characteristics of the application,” Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Microwave
proposed antenna in simulations for the operating Conference, 2006.
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dBi (Fig. 10) peak directivity in 0.8-1.0 GHz and 1.71- Ponchak, M. M. Tentzeris, and J. Papapolymerou,
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[5] M. NaghshvarianJahromi, “Novel Ku Band fan
beam reflector back array antenna,” Progress In
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vol. 3, pp. 95–103, 2008.
[6] M. NaghshvarianJahromi and H. Orazi, “Fan-
Beam Reflector Back Array Antenna for V-Band
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[7] C. A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory Analysis and
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[8] W. L. Stutzman, and G. A. Thiele, “Antenna
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5 Conclusion

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