HOUSING TRANSFORMATION AND DOCUMENTATION OF
TRADITIONAL BUILDING OF DHULIKHEL
DHULIKHEL
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
GLIMPS OF OLD DHULIKHEL
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
GLIMPS OF OLD DHULIKHEL
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
GLIMPS OF OLD DHULIKHEL
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
GLIMPS OF OLD DHULIKHEL
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
DHULIKHEL AFTER EARTHQUAKE
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
DHULIKHEL AFTER EARTHQUAKE
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
DOCUMENTATION OF TRADITIONAL BUILDINGDS OF DHULIKHEL
In absence of the proper documents of the old traditional buildings, our cultural
heritage will have irreversible loss if they get destroyed. The building having no
records, and get destroyed will be forgotten soon. The main objective of this project
is to document art and architecture of traditional building through different medium;
such as sketchs, drawings and photograph.
Based on the documents prepared, through this project we will be able to create
awareness in the community for the need of conservation, and also encourage the
people to reconstruct the buildings in a traditional style.
The drawings will be compatible with the requirements of Dhulikhel Municipality for
building permit. Furthermore, the document will be a basis to propose for the
support of the government, donors and other stakeholders for the renovation of the
buildings as in its glorious days.
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
DOCUMENTATION OF TRADITIONAL BUILDINGDS OF DHULIKHEL
Team members doing site visit for heritage mapping
Source: Study team
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
DOCUMENTATION OF TRADITIONAL BUILDINGDS OF DHULIKHEL
Heritage map of old town Dhulikhel
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
DOCUMENTATION OF TRADITIONAL BUILDINGDS OF DHULIKHEL
Team members taking detail measurement
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
Source Study team
DOCUMENTATION OF TRADITIONAL BUILDINGDS OF DHULIKHEL
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
DOCUMENTATION OF TRADITIONAL BUILDINGDS OF DHULIKHEL
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
DOCUMENTATION OF TRADITIONAL BUILDINGDS OF DHULIKHEL
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
DOCUMENTATION OF TRADITIONAL BUILDINGDS OF DHULIKHEL
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l
2012-2014
INTRODUCTION
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
INTRODUCTION
Figure 1:Position of Kathmandu district .
Figure 3:City core of patan (highlited area)
• Built by the Kirat dynasty in 3rd century B.C
• expanded by Lichhavis in the 6th century A.D.
Figure 2:Position of Three city of kathmandu valley • The Malla period (13th -18th century A.D).
• Prithivi Narayan shah conquer Kathmandu valley in 1769
• Location: Southeast part of the Kathmandu valley
• Area:15.43 sq.km • He established kathmandu as capital city,promote the
• Elevation: 1350 m. above sea level.
Malla‘s style of architecture.
• Feature:Located over a plateau.
• Population: 2,26,728
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
INTRODUCTION
Figure 2:Position of Three city of kathmandu valley
• Location: Southeast part of the Kathmandu valley
• Area:15.43 sq.km
• Elevation: 1350 m. above sea level.
• Feature:Located over a plateau.
• Population: 2,26,728
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
ANCIENT URBAN DEVELOPMENT
URBAN PATTERN
• Shape of the Buddhist Dharma-Chakra.
• Four stupas at each corner of its cardinal
points, one at the middle of the Patan.
• Settlement organized around cross of
two main intersection roads.
• Compact settlement land use according
to the hierarchy of social class.
Figure 6:Tradtional urban settlement .
• Courtyard systems of neighborhood,
interconnected courtyard.
Town as Mandala, King as center
The Paramasukha surrounded by higher
chakrasamvara mandala class,middle cast and eventually
lower cast at boundary
Figure 7:Courtyard system of Neighbourhood.
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
Figure 8. Typical Newari House. Figure 9:Typical Tired Temple
• Residential Building: Known as Newari style. • Temple: stepped higher plinth
• Symmetrical elevation, exposed brick façade. • Multi tired sloped roof
• Carved wooden window, doors . • Profound carving
• slope roof covered with locally made mud tiles
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
MODERN DEVELOPMENT AND URBANIZATION
Figure 10. Urban pattern in 1975 Figure 11. Urban pattern in 1995
• New investment programs in businesses.
• Opened door for outside world in 1950,
• played major role in city development and
• Adopted multi-party democracy in 1990.
Urbanization.
• Implemented liberal market led economic policy.
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
TRANSFORMATION (City scale)
Figure 12. Urban pattern in 1975 Figure 13. Urban pattern in 2005
• Migration toward the cities due to various Year Population
purposes.
• Population growth and accommodation 1991 1,15,865
demand for rising population. 2001 1,62,991
• Fertile agricultural land destroyed for
2011 2,29,852
construction of new buildings.
• Vertical expansion in city core.
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
TRANSFORMATION (Community level)
Figure 14. A House in 1972 Figure 15. A House in 2005
Figure 16. Street scape in 1970 Figure 17. Street scape in 2006
.
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
TRANSFORMATION (Main reasons)
Residence.
Residence.
Residence.
Residence.
Office
Shop
Figure 19. Section of Contempory building
Figure 18. Section of typical Newari House
.
• Change in life style from farming to others fields. • Rebuilt building could not follow pervious
architectural pattern limitation of budget,
• Need and necessity of modern facilities.
raw material, time, skilled manpower and
• Demand of more working space inside building. unawareness about the heritage.
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
TRANSFORMATION (Other Reasons)
Malla period Shah period Rana period
Necessity of
immediate rebuilt
after earthquake,
scarcity of
resources
and raw material
changes were
done in term of
buildings forms
and façade.
Figure 20. Destruction caused by earthquake in 1934 Figure 21. Transformation of House in different period
Figure 22: Middle part demolished of single house. Figure 23: Vertical division of House.
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
WORLD HERITAGE SITES OF KATHMANDU VALLEY
1 2 3
4 5
5
1 6
2 4
7
3
Kathmandu valley WHS
1) Swayambu Nath Stupa
6 7
2) Kathmandu durbar square
3) Patan durbar square
4) Pashupatinath Temple
5) Boudhanath stupa
6) Changunarayan Temple
7) Bhaktapur durbar square
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
IMPACT OF TOURISM
POSITIVE IMPACT
• Promote Heritage and culture.
• Helps to sustain cultural heritage sites.
• Provide opportunities for economic
development.
• Plays role in poverty reduction, unemployment.
Figure 24: Benifit from tourism
NEGATIVE IMPACT
• Stress and Strain to infrastructure.
• Development impacts, usually related to
infrastructure environmental pollution.
• Host culture likely to influence by the foreign
culture of visitor.
• Visitors who show little respect for the sanctity of
places, can have an adverse impact on those places
and the communities.
Figure 24: Pollution from tourism
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
PATAN DURBAR SQUARE
• Flourished during Malla period.
• Most beautiful and comparatively maintained palace
• Highly destroyed by earthquake in 1934.
• Listed as World Heritage site (WHS) in 1979.
• Excellent example of Nepali Art and Architecture.
• Plays significant role to promote heritage tourism Figure 25:Patan durbar square area (higlited)
Figure 26:Patan durbar square area(after earthquake) Figure 27:Patan durbar square area(at present)
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
PATAN DURBAR SQUARE RENOVATION PROJECT
• Accomplished in coordination of DOA and IIZ
(1982-1997)
• Conservation, adaptive reuse of traditional
monument and back garden into a beautiful café.
• Visitors in 2007-52149 in 2011-66347 per year.
• Act as motivation for other new renovation
Figure 28:Interior of Museum
project.
Figure 29:East wing elevation (before renovation) Figure 29:East wing elevation (after renovation)
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
CONSERVATION OF OTHER RESENDENTIAL BUILDINGS
• Preservation efforts focused on high profile
monuments only.
• Recently shifted to private residence.
• Booming Tourism industries played significant role
in re-transformation.
• Newari residences Rajbhandari house and Shrestha
house transformed into quality tourist
accommodation, concept of Adaptive Re-use.
Objective:
• To create awareness, encourage to conserve their
buildings by providing financial incentives.
• To Expand the limited number of tourist
Figure 30. Patan Monument zone with high heritage value building.
accommodations. Heritage Value No heritage
• To provide opportunity to experience traditional value
heritage, culture and architecture more closely. 54.1% 49.7%
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
CASE 1:RAJBHANDARI HOUSE
• Conservation of traditional house
into quality tourist Accomodation.
• Implemented by Patan Tourism
Development Organisation.
• Supported by:UNESCO World
heritage center and Nation
Federation of UNESCO Association
in Japan. Figure 34. Handicraft shop in ground floor.
Figure 35:Facade from main street Figure 36:Interior showing construction details
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
CASE 2: SHRESTHA HOUSE
Figure 31. Interiors of Renovated Newari house.
Ambience at night. Figure 32. Facade from main street Figure 33. Internal courtyard
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
SOME INDIVIDUAL ATTEMPS
Figure 37:Building in Traditional style Figure 39:Building in Traditional style
Figure 40:Hotel Dwarika‘s in Traditional style. Figure 41:Hotel Tempel Nepal in Traditional style.
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
CHALLANGES
• To continue adaptive re-use, and ensure sustainability for a long run.
• Challenges to meet modern demands of visitors with limited facilities and compete with modern
Hotels with high facilities.
• Challenges to meet visitor expectations of quality products and services.
CONCLUSION
• It is seen that the tourism has major role in preservation of socio-cultural authenticity of
host communities, and plays major role in conservation and adaptive reuse of traditional
monuments and buildings.
• In this present scenario, where the international organization being supportive, if both the
central and local government proactively involve in the conservation by preparing
comprehensive policies, plans and legislations.
• And ensuring effective implementation, we will definitely succeed to maintain the Historic
and cultural ambience of historic core by adaptive reuse of Traditional building.
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
THANKYOU
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
WORLD HERITAGE SITES
• Paramount role in defining the visual
and cultural significance:
• most maintained and beautiful
historic core of the valley.
• Listed as UNESCO as (UNWHS) in
1979
• Sustainable development of tourism
industry
Boudha nath Stupa
Patan Durbar square
http://www.nlocate.com/media/9cab591a613111e2a7ee000c29f65e19.jpeg
Kathamandu durbar square
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patan_Durbar_Square_-_Flickr_-
Pasupatinath _askmeaks_(1).jpg&docid http://www.responsibletreks.com/images/nepal/kathmandu_culture.jpg
http://explore.tourismnepal.org/views/visit-pashupatinath-temple-nepal
Chagunarayan
http://www.flickr.com/photos/rakeshp/4346060270/sizes/z/in/photostream/
Bhaktapur 1
http://thelongestwayhome.zenfolio.com/img/s11/v36/p907103873-5.jpg
Syambhu.
http://www.google.de/imgres?q=seven+world+heritage+site+of+kathmandu+valley,
HOUSING l MIP l BUDDHA SHRESTHA l 2012-2014
