Indraprastha INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
Sector 10, Dwarka, New Delhi – 110075
SESSION 2022-23
MA/SSC/MAY/VII/2022
TOPIC: Geography: Chapter 2- Inside the Earth
1. What is a rock? Name three types of rocks.
Ans. A rock is a natural mass of mineral matter that makes up the earth’s crust.
Rocks can be of different colour, size and texture.
Three types of rocks are:
• Igneous rocks .
• Sedimentary rocks.
• Metamorphic rocks.
2. How are extrusive and intrusive rocks formed?
Ans. • When the molten lava comes on the earth’s surface, it rapidly cools down and
becomes solid. Rocks formed in this way on the crust are extrusive igneous rocks.
For example- Basalt.
• Sometimes the molten magma cools down deep inside the earth’s crust. Solid
rocks so formed are actually intrusive igneous rocks. For example- Granite.
3. What do you mean by a rock cycle? Explain with a diagram.
Ans. One type of rock changes to another type under certain conditions in a cyclic manner.
This process of transformation of the rock from one to another is known as the rock
cycle.
Let’s understand it through example—Igneous rocks change into sedimentary rocks.
When the igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to heat and pressure, they change
into metamorphic rocks. The metamorphic rocks which are still under great heat and
pressure melt down to form molten magma. This molten magma again can cool down and
solidify into igneous rocks.
4. What are the uses of rocks?
Ans. • Hard rocks are used for making roads, houses and buildings.
• Stones are used in many games, such as seven stones (pitthoo), hopscotch
(stapu/kitkit), Five stones (gitti).
5. What are metamorphic rocks?
Ans. When the igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to heat and pressure they change
into metamorphic rocks. For example, clay changes into slate and limestone into marble
6. Differentiate between:
a. Crust and Core
b. Sial and Sima
Ans.
a. Crust Core
1. The uppermost layer of the earth’s 1. The innermost layer of the earth is the
surface is called the crust. core.
2. It is the thinnest of all the layers. The 2. It is made up of nickel and iron .
continental crust is made up of silica and
alumina and oceanic crust is made up of
silica and magnesium.
3. It is about 35 km on the continental 3. It has a radius of about 3500 km.
masses and only 5 km on the ocean floors.
b.
Sial Sima
1. Sial is the earth’s upper crust layer. 1. Sima is the earth’s lower layer crust.
2. It is made up of rocks abundant in silica 2. It is made up of rocks abundant in silica
and aluminium. and magnesium.
3. It makes majority of the continental crust. 3. It makes majority of the oceanic crust.
7 Write down the characteristics of sedimentary rocks.
Ans. • These rocks are softer than igneous rocks.
• These rocks have horizontal layers arranged one over the other.
These rocks are mostly formed under water and have marks of waves and mud-
cracks.
• These rocks contain remains of animals and plants, called fossils, between the
layers.
• The important examples are sandstone, limestone and coal.
8. What do you know about the structure of the earth?
Ans. The earth is made up of several concentric layers with one inside another. They are
Crust - The uppermost layer over the earth’s surface is called the crust. It is the thinnest
of all the layers. It is about 35 km. on the continental masses and only 5 km. on the
ocean floors.
Mantle - Just beneath the crust is the mantle which extends up to a depth of 2900 km.
below the crust.
Core - The innermost layer is the core with a radius of about 3500 km. It is mainly made
up of nickel and iron and is called nife. The central core has very high temperature and
pressure.
9. Give reasons.
i. We cannot go to the centre of the earth.
Ans. We cannot go to the centre of the earth because the temperature and pressure at the centre of the
earth are very high and not just human beings, but even rocks melt at the centre of the Earth.
ii. Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments.
Ans. The small fragments of rock that hit each other and break to reach the ground are called
sediments. These sediments are transported and deposited by wind, water, etc. and then are
compressed and hardened to form a layer of rocks called the sedimentary rocks. This shows that
sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments.
iii.
Limestone is changed into marble.
Ans.
Igneous and sedimentary rocks change into metamorphic rocks under heat and pressure. This
happens in the case of limestone. Limestone under heat and pressure changes into marble, which
is a metamorphic rock.
