Received: 30 October 2019; Revised: 06 January 2020; Accepted: 17 January 2020

Published: 29 January 2020

EFFECT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND

HEALTH ON PERFORMANCE: AN EMPIRICAL
INVESTIGATION

Dedi Iskamto 1, Puspa Liza Ghazali 2, Asraf

Afthanorhan 3, Seflira Narti 4
1, 2, 3 Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
1, 4 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Riau, Indonesia

Abstract

Employees are important assets of the organization, so many things

that need to be considered related to improving performance. An
employee's performance will be in accordance with the wishes of the
company if the quality of human resources is good. Good performance
can also be supported by the presence of occupational safety and
health guarantees from the company. The Implementation of the
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) system also influences
employee performance. This study aims to determine the effect of
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) on the performance of
midwives at the XYZ Islamic Hospital Fetomatenal Installation Riau
Province, Indonesia. The results of analyze of primary data using
SPSS Version 23, it can be concluded that the work safety variable
has a significant effect on performance, knowing that occupational
health variables have a significant effect on performance. In addition,
it can be concluded that occupational safety and health variables
together have a significant influence on performance variables.

Keywords: Safety, Occupational Health, OSH, Performance

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Sciences. Volume 1 , Number 3, January 2020

Introduction
Occupational Safety and Health System needed for
production sources, production processes, and a safe work
environment so that, can guarantee the safety and health of
workers and other people who are in the work environment
(Gbadago et al., 2017). A good Occupational Safety and Health
system makes employees not worried about their safety so that
the results of work or employee performance will be better. The
company is obliged to improve Occupational Safety and Health
(OSH). The company's obligation to improve OSH is as follows:
1) Choosing a safe and healthy workplace for workers. 2)
Comply with all standards and terms of employment. 3) Record
all incidents that occur related to occupational safety and health.
The issue of occupational safety and health is the
responsibility of all stakeholders, especially employers, labor,
orders, and the community. Occupational Safety and Health
(OSH) is an effort to prevent and reduce the risk of accidents and
occupational diseases by recognizing things that could
potentially lead to work-related accidents and diseases as well as
anticipatory actions in the event of accidents and occupational
diseases. Occupational safety and health programs are very
beneficial for both hospitals and hospital workers, especially
nurses both now and in the future. OHS is expected to be
influential in terms of the ability to maintain workforce
satisfaction so that it will encourage them to work well and
succeed in terms of quality and quantity related to performance.
 Dedi Iskamto, Puspa Liza Ghazali, Asraf Afthanorhan, Seflira Narti, Effect Of
Occupational Safety And Health On Performance An Empirical Investigation | 541

The purpose of the Occupational Safety and Health

(OSH) program is to reduce costs when accidents and
occupational diseases occur. Occupational Safety and Health
(OHS) should be a top priority in a hospital, but unfortunately,
not all hospitals understand the importance of OHS and know
how to implement it well in the hospital environment. The
potential for hospital losses due to the weak implementation of
OSH include the disruption of processes and the repair of
equipment damaged by workplace accidents and the company
losing opportunities to gain profits due to low employee
productivity (Gbadago et al., 2017).
Based on the background of the problems that have been
described, the formulation of the problem in this study is: "Does
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) affect the performance of
the Fetomaternal Installation Midwife XYZ Hospital". Research
Objectives Based on the formulation of the research problem, the
purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Occupational
Safety and Health (OSH) on the performance of midwives in the
Fetomatenal Installation of XYZ Islamic Hospital, Especially
Inpatient Rooms Fetomatenal Installation.
The results of analyze of primary data using SPSS
Version 23, it can be concluded that the work safety variable has
a significant effect on performance, knowing that occupational
health variables have a significant impact on performance. In
addition, it can be concluded that occupational safety and health
542 | Islam Universalia - International Journal of Islamic Studies and Social
Sciences. Volume 1 , Number 3, January 2020

variables together have a substantial influence on performance

variables.

Literature Review
Employee performance is a very important thing in the
company's efforts to find its goals (Rivai, 2012: 309). According
to Nawawi (2009: 66), performance can be interpreted as what is
done or not done by an employee in carrying out his main tasks.
In practical terms carrying out work in an organizational
environment includes five elements as follows: 1) Quantity of
work achieved. 2) The quality of work achieved. 3) The time
period to achieve the work. 4) Attendance and activities while
present at work. 5) Ability to work together (Nawawi, 2006: 67).
Based on the above understanding means that
performance is an activity that can be seen and observed to
achieve the expected results or objectives in accordance with the
responsibilities given. It can be stated that the notion of
performance is a result of work that can be accomplished in both
quality and quantity by a person or group of people in an
institution. To accomplish organizational objectives, in
accordance with their various authorities and responsibilities.

Work Safety
According to Mondy and Noe (Marwansyah, 2016:
359), Work safety includes protecting employees from work
accidents. Work safety is a safe or safe condition from work
damage or loss. Occupational safety risks are aspects of the work
 Dedi Iskamto, Puspa Liza Ghazali, Asraf Afthanorhan, Seflira Narti, Effect Of
Occupational Safety And Health On Performance An Empirical Investigation | 543

environment that can cause fire, electric current fears, cuts,

bruises, sprains, broken bones, loss of organs, vision, and vision.

Work Safety Indicator

According to Marwansyah (2016: 362), indicators of
work safety are:
a. Safe working conditions. The use of machines
equipped with safety devices, layout settings, adequate
lighting.
b. Good maintenance of facilities. Keep the floor and
stairs free of water, oil, and others.
c. Use of safety instructions Availability of prohibitions
and guidelines for the use of equipment.
d. Provision of equipment as an accident prevention tool
Preventive equipment, for example, fire prevention
equipment, emergency exits, help in the event of an
accident.

Occupational Health
According to Husni (2005: 140), occupational health is
a part of health science which aims to ensure that the workforce
gets a perfect health condition both physically, mentally, and
socially so that it can work optimally. According to Suma'mur
(2007: 76) occupational health is a specialization in health /
medical science and its practice aimed at getting workers /
communities and obtain the highest degree of health, both
physical, mental, and social, with preventive efforts and curative,
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Sciences. Volume 1 , Number 3, January 2020

against diseases / health problems caused by work factors of the

work environment as well as against common diseases.
The occupational health strategy is closely related to the
identification and control of health hazards caused by fatigue,
stress, noise, radiation and other toxic substances on the physical
condition of humans, minds, and attitudes of the employees.
Health as a scientific approach and practical approach also seeks
to study the factors that can cause people to suffer from illness
and at the same time, try to develop various ways or approaches
to prevent people from suffering from illness and even become
healthier (Gopang et al., 2017). In occupational health, including
physical and mental health, employee health can occur due to
illness, stress, or due to an accident. Therefore visual
disturbances, hearing fatigue, work environment (for example
temperature and humidity), and others need to be eliminated or
minimized as much as possible.

Effects of Occupational Safety and Health on Performance

Achieving the highest standards for employee safety and
health is important because it will have an impact on employee
performance and organizational performance, Marwansyah
(2016: 338). A safe work environment makes workers healthy
and productive. Study by Dwomoh et al. (2013) has shown that
the company's health and safety measures are positively
correlated with the performance of its employees. If the company
can reduce the level and severity of work accidents, illness and
matters related to stress, as well as improve the quality of work
 Dedi Iskamto, Puspa Liza Ghazali, Asraf Afthanorhan, Seflira Narti, Effect Of
Occupational Safety And Health On Performance An Empirical Investigation | 545

life of its work, the company will be more effective (Kaynak et

al., 2016). Improvements in this case will result in improved
performance due to decreasing the number of workdays lost.
Increased efficiency and quality of workers who are more
committed (Yulihardi & Iskamto, 2018).

Hypothesis
Based on the problems we know with the theory, the
following hypothesis is obtained: "It is suspected that
occupational health and work safety have a significant effect on
the performance of Midwives in the Inpatient Room of the XYZ
Islamic Hospital."

Research Variables
Based on the problem, as for safety and health work will
affect the performance of midwives on Islamic Hospital Riau
Province with the following research variables: Occupational
Safety (X1), Occupational Health (X2) and Performance (Y).

Methodology
This research is a quantitative research using SPSS
Version 23 as a data processor. The location of this research was
carried out in the Fetomatenal Inpatient Room of XYZ Islamic
Hospital Riau Province Indonesia. Population and Samples, In
this study the sample taken was the entire population because
given the population numbered 50 people, According to Iskamto
(2017: 35) stated to take all sample if the subject is less than one
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Sciences. Volume 1 , Number 3, January 2020

hundred better to take all. So that the subject of this research is

the population (Talib, 2013).

Result and Discussion

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of
Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) on the performance of
midwives at the Fetomatenal Installation of Islamic Hospital,
Riau Province, Indonesia. After distributing the questionnaire
and processing the data using SPSS version 23, the following
results are obtained. Characteristics of respondent data presented
in the table below:
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Occupational Safety And Health On Performance An Empirical Investigation | 547

Table 1: Characteristics of Respondents

Number Percentage (%)
Gender
woman 50 100
Man 0 0
Education
Diploma 46 92
Degree 4 8
Age
<30 8 16
30-40 22 44
41-50 18 36
> 50 2 4

Length of
Work
<1 Year 4 8
1-5 years 22 44
>5 Years 24 48
Total 50 100
Source: Data Field, 2018.

From Table 1 above, it can asumse that all responden is

women. So it was explained that the age below 30 years as 8
people (16%), aged between 30 years to 40 years as many as 22
people (44%), aged between 41 years to 50 years as many as 18
people (36%) and 2 (4%) age above 50 years. The respondent's
educational level diploma level as many as 46 people (92%), and
degree 4 people (8%). Also it can be seen that the characteristics
of respondents by leght of work, for a term of under 1 year are 4
people (8%) 1 to 5 years as many as 22 people (44%), and more
than 5 years as many as 24 people (48%).
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Validity test
Validity is the appropriateness or accuracy of an
instrument to measure what you want measured. Test to make a
validity is a measure of whether respondents agree or disagree
with the actual situation. To determine the value r_value can be
obtained by the n-2, 50-2 = 48, to obtain r_value value of 0.278.

Table 2: Test Validity of Safety

No. of Item r_value r_table Information
1 0.516 0.278 valid
2 0.403 0.278 valid
3 0.284 0.278 valid
4 0.360 0.278 valid
5 0.297 0.278 valid
6 0.282 0.278 valid
7 0.528 0.278 valid
8 0.421 0.278 valid
9 0.317 0.278 valid
10 0.454 0.278 valid
11 0.458 0.278 valid
12 .355 0.278 valid

From the above table can be seen r_value value for each
statement on the safety of the variable is greater (>) than the value
r_table (0.278), it can be concluded that the data is valid
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Occupational Safety And Health On Performance An Empirical Investigation | 549

Table 3: Test Validity of Occupational Health

No. of Item r_value r_table Information
1 0.375 0.278 Valid
2 0.339 0.278 Valid
3 0.662 0.278 Valid
4 0.402 0.278 Valid
5 0.418 0.278 Valid
6 0.516 0.278 Valid
7 0.491 0.278 Valid
8 0.519 0.278 valid
9 0.766 0.278 valid
10 0.327 0.278 valid
11 0.385 0.278 valid
12 0.286 0.278 valid

It can see r_value from the table above for each statement
on the health variable is greater (>) than the value r_table. It can
be concluded that all items of the data is valid.

Table 4: Test Validity of Performance

No. of Item r_value r_table Information
1 0.572 0.278 valid
2 0,407 0.278 valid
3 0,482 0.278 valid
4 0.497 0.278 valid
5 0.475 0.278 valid
6 0.611 0.278 valid
7 0.300 0.278 valid
8 0.437 0.278 valid
9 0,312 0.278 valid
10 0.422 0.278 valid
11 0.410 0.278 valid
12 0.436 0.278 valid
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From the above table can be seen r_value value for each
variable kinerjalebih statement on large (>) from r_table value, it
can be concluded that the data is valid.

Reliability test
Reliability test is used to determine whether the
respondents from time to time have the same answer / consistent
or not. In this study, the method used is the Cronbach's Alpha
method, which requires Cronbach's Alpha value> 0.60 then the
data is relibel or trustworthy (Talib, 2013). The following
reliability test results:

Table 5: Test Reliability

Cronbach's
No. Information
Alpha
Safety (X1) 0.756 reliable
Occupational
0.809 reliable
Health (X2)
performance (Y) 0.803 reliable

From Table 5 can be explained that the safety of the

variable has a value of 0.756 and for the health variables of 0.809,
while the variable performance of 0.803 for all of the variables
value is greater than 0.60, it can be concluded that all the
variables in this study is reliable or consistent, meaning that all
of his statements can be unbelievable.
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Normality test
This normality test is used to see the distribution of the data
if it is approached as diagonal lines or not, if far from the diagonal
line, the data are not normally distributed. Here are the results
SPSS output to normality.

Figure 1: Normality Data

Based on the picture above, it can be explained that the

distribution of the data is already approaching the diagonal line,
it can be concluded that data is normally distributed.

Multicollinearity test
This analysis aims to determine whether the
independent variables affect each other, Presence or absence of
multicollinearity problems in a regression model can be detected
with VIF (variance inflector factor) and the value of tolerance
(tolerance) (Arikunto, 2010). A regression model is said to be
free of problems multicolinearity if having VIF smaller than 5
552 | Islam Universalia - International Journal of Islamic Studies and Social
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and has a tolerance value above 0.0001 (Ghozali: 2008). In this

regression model, multicollinearity test results can be seen from
the following table:
Table 6: Multicollinearity Test

Based on table 6 that the VIF value in the above table

shows that the variables in this study did not experience
multicolinearity. This is indicated by VIF is smaller than 5,
Whereas for Tolerance Values in the table above shows that all
variables in this study did not experience multicolinearity, which
is above 0.0001. It can be concluded that all variable smoking is
not affected by the problem of multicollinearity or independent
variables do not affect each other.

Hypothesis Partial test

This test is used to see whether the independent
variables have a significant influence on the dependent variable
by 0.05.
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Table: 7 Test_t (Partial)

Based on the above table values obtained t_value safety

variables by 2.459 while for t_table is 2.010. It can be concluded
that the safety variables significantly influence the performance.
Based on the above table values obtained t_value occupational
health variables of 2.701 while for t_table value of 2.010. it can
be concluded that occupational health significantly influence the
performance. Based on the results t_test or individually
(Partial), it can be concluded that the Independent variables have
the greatest impact value is variable occupational health.

Hypothesis Simultaneous Test (F Test)

Simultaneous test or F test is jointly test to test the
variables significantly influence safety and health jointly to
variable performance.
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Table 8: Test_F (Simultaneous)

Based on the above table 8 multiple regression results

are obtained from the table above shows the Sig. 0.000 <0.05, the
standar of error 5%. The value of 24.805 from f_value it can be
concluded that the variable of occupational Health and Safety
jointly have a significant effect on the variable performance .

Conclusion
Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be
concluded this experiment are as follows: Score t_value safety
variables by 2.459 while for t_table value of 2.010. It can be
concluded that the safety variables significantly influence the
performance of midwife. Score t_value occupational health of
2.701 while for t_table value of 2.010 it can be concluded that
occupational health variables significantly influence the
performance. other than that based on the results of the multiple
regression analysis table above shows the Sig. 0.000 <0.05, the
error rate of 5%. Or value of 24.805 r_table it can be concluded
that the variable occupational Health and Safety jointly have a
significant effect on the performance .
 Dedi Iskamto, Puspa Liza Ghazali, Asraf Afthanorhan, Seflira Narti, Effect Of
Occupational Safety And Health On Performance An Empirical Investigation | 555

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