2022 İLKBAHAR SOSYAL

YÖKDİL / İNG İNGİLİZCE TESTİ

BİLİMLER

Bu testte 80 soru vardır.

4. Some people immigrate to other countries as

1. - 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere they look for a more desirable place to live, while
uygun düşen sözcük veya ifadeyi bulunuz. others ---- move to a foreign land in order to serve
as diplomats or military personnel.
1. In addition to psychologists, many scholars A) excessively B) temporarily
like philosophers and religious leaders try to
provide ---- for human behaviour and solve social C) implicitly D) severely
problems.
E) broadly
A) explanations B) complaints

C) accusations D) invasions

E) conflicts
5. The invention of the printing press by the German
Johannes Gutenberg was one of the most
influential events in the second millennium that ----
the way in which people described the world they
2. Ensuring sufficient food supplies for everyone on live in.
the planet is one of the most basic ---- facing the
human society. A) implemented B) prevented

A) penalties B) challenges C) concealed D) revolutionised

C) attributes D) extensions E) eliminated

E) descriptions

6. To measure emotional intelligence, psychologists

3. The Rosetta Stone, found in 1799 with writing in use several tests that generally ---- three
three different languages on it, has been highly categories as self-report tests, 360-degree
---- in helping linguists understand the use of assessments, and performance assessments.
language in ancient Egypt.
A) bring out B) call off

A) crucial B) deniable C) go through D) fall into

C) redundant D) ambiguous E) turn down

E) variable

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7. New dating of a skull originally dubbed 10. Tanzania is composed of numerous ethnic
Mongolanthropus ---- that it is 8,000 years older groups each ---- its own language, and thanks
than once thought, and actually ---- to a modern to this diversity, the country has over 130 living
human. languages but successfully adopted a single
A) reveals / has belonged African language, Swahili, as a tool ---- maintaining
national unity.
B) had revealed / belongs A) in / toward B) with / for

C) will reveal / would belong C) over / by D) at / through

D) has revealed / belonged E) from / about

E) is revealing / had belonged

8. Tea ---- an expensive luxury in Britain, so

expensive that it was kept under lock, until the
19th century when large quantities ---- from India 11. The Pythagoreans were ---- the first thinkers
and Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka). to contemplate an Earth not ---- the centre
A) has been / had been imported of everything.

B) would have been / were being imported A) among / at B) along / over

C) for / on D) from / off

C) used to be / should have been imported
E) with / through
D) had been / might have been imported

E) was / were imported

9. Living with gratitude enhances our health, and

although it is believed to be a universal capacity
that lies ---- each of us, we understand and 12. ---- old people in Western technological societies
express it best ---- our actions. tend to lose social status and experience some
isolation from the community of young people, old
people in many traditional societies remain very
much integrated within family and community.
A) across / from B) upon / by
A) Because B) Unless

C) at / toward D) within / through

C) While D) Only if
E) beyond / for
E) Once

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13. School-related characteristics do not add much 17. Almost from the day they are born, infants are
to the explanation of the educational achievement happiest if they can eat, sleep, and excrete
---- having qualified teachers in sufficient numbers according to their own physiological schedules,
and well-equipped schools may positively ---- whether their schedules are convenient for the
influence the outcome. caregiver.

A) after B) in case A) prior to B) in need of

C) given that D) although C) due to D) on behalf of

E) as if E) regardless of

14. Women account for over half of the global

18. ---- festivals in other cultures where theatre was
agricultural workforce; ----, they are often
overlooked in international labour statistics. judged and prizes were awarded, the Egyptians
saw theatre more as a necessity and not worth
extreme appreciation.
A) in other words B) as a result
A) Owing to B) Unlike
C) however D) otherwise
C) With the help of D) As a consequence of
E) for instance
E) In terms of

19. The history of libraries since the Enlightenment

15. The ideal size of discussion groups is often
includes ---- the increase in the number of national,
considered to be four to six members, a number private, and university libraries, ---- the extension
large enough to ensure some diversity in member of access to libraries by the broader citizenry.
resources but small enough ---- everyone can
participate.
A) no sooner / than B) not only / but also
A) unless B) so that
C) whether / or D) the more / the less
C) whether D) although
E) as / as
E) even if

16. The employment of children came to be 20. Given that most high-density cities such as Hong
questioned only at the turn of the 19th century ---- Kong do not come with large areas of unused
those who dominated society and politics began hinterland ---- food could be grown, it is vital to
to recognise the importance of protecting and ensure the continuous supply of basic food needs
educating children. for such cities from elsewhere.
A) if B) as A) where B) how

C) in order that D) even though C) whose D) which

E) whereas E) that

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23.
21. - 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya A) instead of B) with the aim of
ifadeyi bulunuz.
C) except for D) such as
Cultural anthropology emerged as an area of study
following the era of European exploration. Sir Edward E) in terms of
Burnett Tylor, one of the founders of anthropology,
defined culture as “that complex whole which
includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom,
and any other capabilities and habits (21)---- as a
member of society”. It is the holistic emphasis of
cultural anthropology that distinguishes it most clearly
(22)---- other related disciplines. For example, an
anthropologist may focus his or her research on a
particular dimension of culture, but that dimension 24.
will also be described (23)---- its relationship to the A) violate B) resolve
‘complex whole’ of the local culture. Anthropologists
generally describe culture as a set of interacting C) preserve D) interrupt
systems that (24)---- cultural practices through
generations. These systems include kinship systems, E) restrict
religious or belief systems, economic systems, and
political systems. (25)---- some of these may ultimately
encompass global dimensions, cultural anthropologists
are primarily concerned with the impact of each of
these systems at the local level, in the day-to-day
experiences of communities.

25.
21.
A) Because B) As long as
A) having acquired B) to have acquired

C) Although D) Just as
C) acquiring D) to have been acquired
E) Supposing that
E) acquired

22.
A) in

B) from

C) on

D) by

E) at

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26. - 30. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada

numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük veya 29.
ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) achieves B) includes
Anger is one of the most basic emotions, along with fear,
grief, pain, and joy. It is usually caused by the frustration C) delays D) explores
of attempts (26) ---- a goal, or by hostile or disturbing
E) receives
actions. The sources of anger are different for people at
different periods in their lives. (27) ----, the most
common cause of anger in infants is restraint of activity.
Children commonly become angry (28) ---- restrictive
rules or demands, lack of attention, or failure to
accomplish a task. As children reach adolescence and
adulthood, the primary sources of anger shift from
physical constraints and frustrations to social ones. In
adults, the basis of anger (29) ---- disapproval,
exploitation, manipulation, and humiliation. Also, the
responses to it become less physical and more social 30.
(30) ---- age.
A) with B) for

C) in D) on

E) about

A) being attained B) attaining

C) to have attained D) to attain

26. E) having attained

27.
A) For instance B) Otherwise

C) On the contrary D) Instead

E) In conclusion

28.
A) apart from B) in pursuit of

C) rather than D) similar to

E) due to

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33. Since memory and memory formation cannot be

31. - 41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde observed directly, ----.
tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

A) every mental process involves some aspects of
memory

31. ----; however, this stereotype is one type of desert

B) memory processes take an active role in what and
and does not reflect the nature of Antarctica,
how information is remembered
which is thoroughly covered in ice.

A) The combination of extreme heat and severe C) memory refers to the mental systems and
dryness presents extraordinary challenges for processes involved in storing and recalling
water in desert-dwelling animals information

B) Deserts are often associated in the public image D) sensory memory notes or registers sensory stimuli
with a non-vegetated landscape dominated by as they are experienced
sand dunes
E) a wide, and often conflicting, variety of
C) It is useful to point out that the word ‘desert’ models have been put forth to have a general
derives from the Latin desertum whose meaning understanding of memory
has changed over time

D) Types of deserts vary according to the flora and

fauna they host that can show distinctions in their
surroundings

E) Deserts, by their nature, are largely unsuited for

intensive agriculture or permanent human
settlement

34. ----, it is no surprise that the power of music has

been employed to create feelings of calmness and
serenity.

A) Because it is an integral part of everyday life and

32. Given that most parents and many teachers do not
is a medium that engages mind and body
have a broad statistical background, -----.

B) While most cultures use music to enhance every

collective activity and ceremony
A) a student’s ability to perform well in school is
affected by a combination of several factors
C) Despite events aimed at equipping individuals with
mutual support through music
B) relationship with parents is one of the
determinants of student performance
D) Although music has been an essential component
of expressive culture worldwide and a source of
C) it allows teachers to develop the most appropriate public enjoyment
educational assessment goals for their students
E) Seeing that of the many musical styles prevalent
D) it is important that student performance in the 1960s, only ‘folk music’ protested radical
assessment results should be explained in terms discrimination and supported civil rights
that can be understood by everyone

E) a better understanding of the student’s strengths,

weaknesses, and processing abilities can be
gained as a result of this process

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35. Although most people believe that one can learn a 37. The railroad displaced the horse-drawn carriage as
second language (L2) proficiently only early in life, the preferred mode of passenger travel as early as
----. the 1840s ----.

A) the major positive consequence of bilingualism

is being able to converse with a larger array of A) but it was the first mode of land transport capable
individuals of outpacing the horse and camel

B) older learners can achieve high, even native- B) if building longer railroads connecting inland
like levels of proficiency in an L2 under the right regions and ports had not been costly
conditions
C) given that most of Africa’s and Asia’s early
C) speaking other languages has economic railroads were built with European capital and
advantages, as bilinguals are in demand in the know-how
new global economy
D) because it provided a faster, safer, and more
D) grammatical differences between native language comfortable ride in all weather conditions
and L2 do not always result in low levels of
proficiency in L2 E) although it achieved a near monopoly on the
movement of people and goods in all the major
E) for children in language-minority communities, industrial countries
maintaining their ancestral language helps them
retain their ethnic identity

38. In the Macedonian Empire, which emerged during

36. While cognitive deficits and learning disabilities the 4th century BCE, Greek identity was the
are common in children with Attention Deficit dominant ethnicity ----.
Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), ----.

A) infants with ADHD are difficult to care for due to A) whereas Macedonian language was in fact a form
excessive crying of Greek language

B) they are less well documented in adolescents and B) because the Greek character of the ancient
adults Macedonia is disputed among scholars

C) ADHD has been considered to be a disorder of C) although the Macedonian monarchy was weak
childhood during most of its early history

D) children with ADHD tend to have lower grades at D) even though Greeks made up less than 10
school percent of the population

E) affected patients typically exhibit difficulty in E) given that Greek literature contains little evidence
concentrating on a single task concerning the Macedonian Empire

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39. The clearing of woodlands for agriculture has 41. Education reform efforts are not likely to be
been the leading cause of deforestation, ----. effective ----.

A) although deforestation has caused a reduction in A) unless health-related barriers to learning are
the numbers of some plant and animal species directly addressed

B) yet the highest rate of deforestation is taking place B) even if reliable data on the implementation of
in Central America school health programs are lacking

C) but the harvesting of timber as a raw material and C) as education contributes to children’s knowledge
fuel has also played a significant role about being healthy

D) given that there is a close relationship between D) in case appropriate school interventions promote
deforestation and climate change enduring health practices

E) as there is much uncertainty about the pace and E) so that good health facilitates children’s growth,
locale of deforestation during past ages development, and optimal learning

42. - 47. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye

anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz.

42. It has recently become evident that the increasing

use of private cars has detrimental effects upon
the environment and people.
40. Researchers are concerned about virtual reality
and violent scenes in video games and their
A) İnsanların çevreye zararlı etkileri olan özel araçları
implications for players’ mental health, ----.
gittikçe artarak kullanmaları son zamanlarda açık
bir hâl almıştır.
A) but players are desensitised to the act of killing as
they are used to pointing a gun at a video screen B) Çevre ve insanlar üzerinde zararlı etkilerinin
olduğu son zamanlarda açık bir şekilde anlaşılsa
B) given that there is a direct correlation between da özel araçlar gittikçe artarak kullanılmaktadır.
violent video games and aggressive behaviour
C) Özel araçların gittikçe artan bir şekilde
C) so it is a multibillion-dollar industry, appealing to kullanımının çevre ve insanlar üzerinde zararlı
people of all ages and from different backgrounds etkilerinin olduğu son zamanlarda açık bir hâle
gelmiştir.
D) whereas they have been shown to trigger violent
behaviours in children D) Özel araçlar gittikçe artan bir şekilde kullanıldığı
için onların çevre ve insanlar üzerindeki zararlı
etkileri son zamanlarda açık bir hâle gelmiştir.
E) even though exposure to violence in such games
leads to diminished empathy
E) Özel araçların gittikçe artan bir şekilde kullanımı,
çevre ve insanlar üzerinde son zamanlarda açıkça
görülen zararlı etkilere yol açmıştır.

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43. While parenting in all cultures entails love, 44. Humans are social beings, and the social context
devotion, teaching, and discipline, there is a plays an important role in what they do and what
considerable cultural variation in other aspects of they think.
parenting.

A) Tüm kültürlerde sevgi, bağlılık, öğretme ve disiplin A) Sosyal bağlam insanların ne yaptıkları
gerektiren ebeveynlik, farklı yönlerden dikkate ve düşündükleri konusunda önemli bir rol
değer bir kültürel çeşitlilik içerir. oynamaktadır çünkü insanlar sosyal varlıklardır.

B) Ebeveynlik pek çok açıdan dikkate değer bir B) İnsanlar sosyal varlıklar oldukları için yaptıkları ve
kültürel çeşitliliğe sahip olmasına rağmen tüm düşündükleri şeylerde sosyal bağlam önemli bir
kültürlerde sevgi, bağlılık, öğretme ve disiplinle rol oynamaktadır.
bağdaşır.
C) İnsanların yaptıkları ve düşündükleri şeyler
konusunda önemli bir rol oynayan sosyal bağlam,
C) Tüm kültürlerde sevgi, bağlılık, öğretme ve
onların sosyal varlıklar olmasıyla ilgilidir.
disiplinle bütünleşen ebeveynliğin diğer yönlerinde
dikkate değer bir kültürel çeşitlilik vardır.
D) Sosyal varlıklar olan insanların hem ne yaptıkları
hem de ne düşündükleri üzerinde sosyal bağlamın
oynadığı önemli bir rol bulunmaktadır.
D) Ebeveynlik tüm kültürlerde sevgi, bağlılık,
öğretme ve disiplin gerektirirken ebeveynliğin
E) İnsanlar sosyal varlıklardır ve sosyal bağlam
diğer yönlerinde dikkate değer bir kültürel çeşitlilik
insanların ne yaptıkları ve ne düşündükleri
vardır.
konusunda önemli bir rol oynamaktadır.

E) Ebeveynlik tüm kültürlerde sevgi, bağlılık, öğretme

ve disiplin gerektirir, fakat diğer yönleriyle dikkate
değer bir kültürel çeşitlilik gösterir.

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45. The control of global trade networks not only 47. The first computer, designed by an English
brought European states great wealth, but it also inventor named Charles Babbage in the 1830s,
provided them with new information about the was mechanical, not electronic, because at that
customs of other societies. time scientists did not yet know how electricity
worked.
A) Küresel ticaret ağlarını kontrol altına almalarıyla A) Charles Babbage isimli bir ingiliz mucit tarafından
Avrupa ülkeleri, diğer toplumların geleneklerine 1830’larda tasarlanan ilk bilgisayar elektronik değil
dair yeni bilgiler kazanmakla kalmamış aynı mekanikti çünkü bilim insanları o dönemde
zamanda büyük bir zenginlik elde etmiştir. elektriğin nasıl çalıştığını henüz bilmiyorlardı.
B) Küresel ticaret ağlarının kontrolü, Avrupa B) 1830’larda Ingiliz mucit Charles Babbage
ülkelerine büyük bir zenginlik getirmekle kalmayıp tarafından tasarlanan ilk bilgisayarın elektronik
aynı zamanda onlara diğer toplumların gelenekleri değil mekanik olmasının sebebi, bilim insanlarının
hakkında yeni bilgiler sağlamıştır. o dönemde elektriğin nasıl çalıştığını henüz
C) Avrupa ülkeleri, küresel ticaret ağlarının bilmiyor olmasıydı.
kontrolünü ele geçirmelerinin ardından büyük bir C) Charles Babbage adlı Ingiliz mucit 1830’larda ilk
zenginlik elde etmenin yanı sıra diğer toplumların bilgisayarı tasarladığında bilim insanları elektriğin
gelenekleriyle ilgili yeni bilgiler edinmiştir. nasıl çalıştığını henüz bilmiyorlardı, bu yüzden ilk
bilgisayar elektronik değil mekanikti.
D) Küresel ticaret ağlarının kontrolünü elinde
bulundurmaları sayesinde, Avrupa ülkeleri büyük D) İngiliz mucit Charles Babbage 1830’larda ilk
miktarda zenginlik elde ederken diğer toplumların bilgisayarı elektronik değil mekanik olarak
geleneklerine dair yeni bilgiler de edinmiştir. tasarlamıştı çünkü bilim insanları elektriğin nasıl
çalıştığını o dönemde henüz bilmiyorlardı.
E) Avrupa ülkelerinin diğer toplumların gelenekleri
hakkında yeni bilgiler edinmesi, onlara büyük E) Bilim insanları 1830’larda elektriğin nasıl çalıştığını
bir zenginlik sağlayan küresel ticaret ağlarının henüz bilmediği için o dönemde Charles Babbage
kontrolünü ele geçirmeleriyle mümkün olmuştur. adındaki bir İngiliz mucidin tasarladığı ilk bilgisayar
elektronik değil, mekanikti.

46. People have been seeking to understand the 48. - 53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye
nature of memory since the time of the ancient anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.
Greek philosopher Plato, who is usually credited
with the earliest serious discussions of it. 48. Sokrat felsefenin gelişiminde o kadar önemli bir
A) İlk ciddi hafıza tartışmalarının genellikle atfedildiği rol oynamıştır ki ondan önceki filozofların tamamı
antik Yunan filozofu Platon’un zamanından tarihçiler tarafından ‘Sokrat Öncesi Filozoflar’
bu yana hafızanın doğası insanlar tarafından başlığı altında toplanmaktadır.
anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. A) The important role Socrates played in the
B) Yaşadığı dönemde bu konuda en eski ve development of philosophy has had historians
genellikle ciddi tartışmalara tanık olmuş antik place all the philosophers before him under the
Yunan filozofu Platon’un zamanından bu title of ‘Pre-Socratic Philosophers’.
yana, insanlar hafızanın doğasını anlamaya B) The reason why all the philosophers before
çalışmaktadır. Socrates are grouped under the title of ‘Pre-
C) İnsanlar, genellikle hafıza konusundaki en eski Socratic Philosophers’ by historians is that
ciddi tartışmalar ile anılan antik Yunan filozofu Socrates played such an important role in the
Platon’un zamanından beri hafızanın doğasını development of philosophy.
anlamaya çalışmaktadır. C) All the philosophers before Socrates are placed by
D) Hafıza konusundaki en eski ciddi tartışmaların historians under the title of ‘Pre-Socratic
öncüsü genellikle antik Yunan filozofu Platon Philosophers’ thanks to the important role
olarak kabul edildiği için, insanlar onun Socrates played in the development of philosophy.
zamanından beri hafızanın doğasını anlamaya D) Socrates played such an important role in the
çalışmaktadır. development of philosophy that all the
E) İsmi genellikle ilk ciddi hafıza tartışmaları ile philosophers before him are grouped by historians
anılan antik Yunan filozofu Platon gibi, insanlar da under the title of ‘Pre-Socratic Philosophers’.
onun zamanından beri hafızanın doğasını E) The development of philosophy would not have
anlamaya çalışıyorlar. been possible without the important role played by
Socrates, and that is why historians refer to all the
philosophers before him under the title of ‘Pre-
Socratic Philosophers’.

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49. Çarpıcı deniz manzaraları ve kasabanın etrafına 50.Arkeolojik bulgular, yalnızca arkeoloji dünyasında
yayılmış antik kalıntılar, Sicilya sahilinin en ve insan faaliyetlerinin yorumlanmasında önemli
popüler turist merkezlerinden biri olan Taormina’yı olmakla kalmayıp aynı zamanda bir bütün olarak
kim ziyaret ederse etsin büyülemeye yetiyor. insanlık için derin bir manaya sahiptir.
A) Whoever pays a visit to Taormina gets bewitched
A) Archaeological findings have a deep meaning for
by the stunning views of the sea and ancient ruins
humanity as a whole, which makes them
scattered around the town, which suffice to make
important not only in the world of archaeology but
it one of the most popular tourist destinations on
also in the interpretation of human activities.
the Sicilian coast.
B) As archaeological findings are important not
B) The stunning views of the sea and ancient ruins
only in the world of archaeology but also in the
scattered around Taormina suffice to bewitch
interpretation of human activities, they also have a
those who pay a visit to this town to see one of the
deep meaning for humanity as a whole.
most popular tourist destinations on the Sicilian
coast. C) What makes archaeological findings significant in
C) Thanks to the stunning views of the sea and the world of archaeology and in the interpretation
ancient ruins scattered around the town, everyone of human activities is that they have a deep
gets bewitched when they pay a visit to Taormina, meaning for humanity as a whole.
one of the most popular tourist destinations on the
D) Archaeological findings, which are important
Sicilian coast.
both in the world of archaeology and in the
D) The stunning views of the sea and ancient ruins interpretation of human activities, have a deep
scattered around the town suffice to bewitch meaning for humanity as a whole
whoever pays a visit to Taormina, one of the most
E) Not only are archaeological findings important in
popular tourist destinations on the Sicilian coast.
the world of archaeology and in the interpretation
E) In Taormina, one of the most popular tourist of human activities, but they also have a deep
destinations on the Sicilian coast, the stunning meaning for humanity as a whole.
views of the sea, together with ancient ruins
scattered around, suffice to bewitch whoever pays
a visit to the town
51.

A) Overpopulation in their homeland probably caused

the Vikings to begin a reign of terror over north-
western Europe in the late 8th century.
B) The Vikings began to reign north-western Europe
with terror in the late 8th century probably
because there was overpopulation in their
homeland.

C) Probably due to overpopulation in their homeland,

the Vikings began a reign of terror over north-
western Europe in the late 8th century.

D) What probably propelled the Vikings to begin

a reign of terror over north-western Europe in
the late 8th century was overpopulation in their
homeland.

E) It is probable that the Vikings began a reign

of terror over north-western Europe in the late
8th century because their homeland became
overpopulated.

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52. 19. yüzyılda Prusya monarşisi altında birleşen 54 - 59. sorularda, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü
Alman İmparatorluğu, Avusturya Imparatorluğu sağlamak için boş bırakılan yerlere getirilebilecek
geri dönüşü olmayan bir çöküşe girerken büyük cümleyi bulunuz.
bir endüstriyel ve askeri güç hâline geldi.
A) The German Empire, united under the Prussian 54.There are definitely good and bad ways to argue
monarchy in the 19th century, became a major in a marriage. In general, people should address
industrial and military power while the Austrian their concerns directly, keep their focus on the
Empire went into an irreversible decline. specific behaviours or circumstances that cause
the problem, acknowledge responsibility for one’s
B) As the Austrian Empire was facing a decline that own contribution to the problem, and encourage
was irreversible, the German Empire, united under the other person to express his or her viewpoint.
the Prussian monarchy in the 19th century, turned ---- Research shows that these behaviours serve to
into a great power in industry and military. escalate the conflict rather than resolve it.
C) By the time the German Empire was united under
the Prussian monarchy in the 19th century to
A) Strong communication, the ability to manage
become a major industrial and military power,
conflict constructively, and shared experiences
the Austrian Empire was already in a decline
and values, all contribute to successful marriages.
impossible to reverse.
B) On the other hand, ineffective strategies include
blaming, defensiveness, and resurrection of every
D) United under the Prussian monarchy in the 19th
complaint since the beginning of the relationship.
century, the German Empire became remarkably
powerful in industry and military while an C) Thus, it appears that being married has benefits
irreversible decline occurred in the Austrian over being single, unless either of the partners is
Empire. unhappily married.
E) The German Empire, united under the Prussian D) A marriage works if spouses share a great deal of
monarchy in the 19th century, became a major similarities with regard to interests, personality,
industrial and military power, leading to a decline attitudes, and educational goals or attainment.
in the Austrian Empire that was impossible to E) Marriage constitutes one of the most intimate and
reverse long-lasting relationships in one’s entire life;
spouses’ lives are profoundly intertwined.
53. İnsanlar MÖ 3500 civarında belirli kayalardan
bakırın elde edilebileceğini keşfettiklerinde
aletlerinin üretimi için taş yerine metal kullanmaya
başladılar.
A) With the discovery of the fact that copper could be
extracted from certain rocks in about 3500 BCE,
people started to produce their tools using metal
instead of stone.

B) People began to use metal instead of stone for the

production of their tools when they discovered that
copper could be extracted from certain rocks in
about 3500 BCE.
C) When people discovered that certain rocks could
be used to extract copper in about 3500 BCE,
they started using metal in addition to stone in the
production of their tools.
D) Having discovered that copper could be extracted
from certain rocks in about 3500 BCE, people
began to produce their tools not only with stone
but also with metal.
E) What led people to use metal instead of stone for
the production of their tools in about 3500 BCE
was the discovery of the fact that copper could be
extracted from certain rocks.

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55. ---- In Europe during the Industrial Revolution, 56. You might not think twice about swiping a stapler
for example, Britain became a major producer of from the office, but what about stealing from the
textiles, ships, and iron; France produced silks company till? A new study offers evidence that
and wine; Spain, Portugal, and Greece generated under the right circumstances relatively small
citrus, wine, and olive oil; Germany, by the end evil acts can pave the way to more serious ones.
of the 19th century, was a major exporter of ---- “If someone manages to convince themselves
heavy manufactured goods and chemicals. When that one bad act was justifiable, doing something
regions or countries specialise in the production that is just a little bit worse does not seem so
and export of some goods or services, they enjoy bad,” says David T. Welsh from the University of
a comparative advantage. This notion was first Washington. “Many people are prone to these
introduced by 19th-century economist David types of things,” Welsh suggests. Setting clear
Ricardo. He concluded that nations will specialise ethical standards, addressing small violations,
in the production of commodities that they can and simply making people aware of the effect can
produce using the least labour compared with prevent such behaviour.
other nations.
A) People may continue to act unethically until they
A) Just as there is no specialisation without trade, face punishment or public reaction.
there can be no trade without transportation. B) However, experts state that injustices are less
B) In economics, the theory of comparative common in the presence of a surveillance camera
advantage explains why it can be profitable for around.
two countries to trade, though it may not always C) Small acts of crime usually end in big ones, but
be mutually beneficial. white lies can be an exception to this.
C) There has been much controversy around the D) Committing increasingly unethical acts over time
theory of comparative advantage, which suggests allows people to rationalize and routinize their
specialisation of countries in certain products. conduct.
D) Under capitalism, different regions have long E) It is human nature to deviate from the ethical
specialised in the production of different types of behaviour, but for some reason not everybody
goods and services. gets involved in dishonest acts.
E) The traditional theory of comparative advantage
developed by David Ricardo is simplistic and
unrealistic.

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58.The learning of history is a complex task. ----

57. Obesity is the result of an individual consuming
Before the 1980s, it was generally assumed
more calories than he or she expends. A complex
that a gradual process of committing historical
interaction of environmental, genetic, and
narratives to memory would eventually result
behavioural factors influences both consumption
in a robust understanding of the past. The body
and expenditure. Factors related to consumption
of research compiled since 1980, however,
include food choices as well as food availability.
demonstrates that learning history involves not
For example, a diet high in fat will provide more
only the repeated study of such narratives, but
energy than will carbohydrates or proteins and will
also the acquisition and use of a set of domain-
produce fewer satiety signals, thereby disabling
specific cognitive strategies. Applying these
the individual’s ability to suppress hunger cues.
strategies serves as the means by which the past
---- For instance, there is an increasing number
is learned and understood.
of commercials for calorie-dense foods, such
as candy and high-sugar cereal geared toward A) Largely, the debate turns on the matter of what
children, and an abundance of easily accessible constitutes historically significant events and
fast-food restaurants offering fatty foods at low occurrences.
costs. B) History is an interpretive discipline that takes
advantage of insights from a wide range of
A) Efforts aimed at clarifying psychological
disciplines, such as geography and sociology.
consequences of obesity have provided
inconsistent results so far. C) Historical documents can also help scientists to
come up with solutions for current social and
B) Obesity is defined as possessing a body mass
economic problems.
index (BMI) of at least 30 kilograms per square
metre (kg/m2). D) To understand the past, learners cannot conduct
controlled experiments to recreate it and then
C) Obesity is also associated with other
study its effects.
complications such as disruption of sleep,
difficulties with daily activities, shortness of breath, E) Cognitive research conducted during the past
and fatigue. decades has indicated that it is more difficult to
learn history than previously thought.
D) Currently, we live in such a toxic environment that
the availability of unhealthy foods increases the 59. In addition to the need for effective adult
likelihood that poor decisions are made. monitoring and intervention, children need
E) Although prevalence estimates have differed due assistance to cope with the social and emotional
to various classification methods, recent statistics challenges posed by bullying. Experts suggest that
cite that nearly one-third of adult Americans are teaching specific social-emotional skills
obese. to support healthy peer relationships and
effectively respond to problems may be important
in preventing bullying. ---- Moreover, learning
strategies to manage emotions and respond
assertively may assist children who are bullied.
These findings suggest that providing all children
with the social skills to form and maintain
friendships contributes to bullying reduction in the
long run.
A) Discriminating bullying from other types
of aggression and from rough play can be
challenging.
B) Children with at least one friend are less likely to
be bullied, and friendship can function as a
protective factor.
C) Most of the information regarding the prevalence
of bullying is based on children’s self-reports.

D) Bullying behaviours can include verbal

aggression, physical aggression, and relationship-
damaging behaviours.

E) Bullying tends to occur in under supervised areas

of a school such as the playground, bus, and
corridors.

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63. (I) In 2019, Oslo in Norway recorded zero pedestrian

60. - 65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla or cyclist deaths. (II) The only traffic fatality involved
okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü someone driving into a fence. (III) Oslo’s achievement
bozan cümleyi bulunuz. means that it is just one step away from ‘Vision Zero’,
an undertaking to eliminate all deaths on public roads.
60. (I) The word acropolis comes from the Greek (IV) Despite its success, Oslo’s initiative has faced
‘akro’ (high) and ‘polis’ (city). (II) It generally refers opposition from some people who do not know life
to a hilltop citadel and was a vital feature of most without private cars. (V) The foundation for achieving
ancient Greek cities, providing both a refuge from this is to significantly reduce the number of cars on the
attack and an elevated area of religious sanctity. road.
(III) The best known acropolis is in Athens, where a
magnificent collection of temples and monuments, A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
built in the second half of the fifth century BCE,
remains partially standing today. (IV) The most
famous of these buildings is the Parthenon, the
temple of Athena Parthenos (the maiden). (V) In the
Hellenistic and Roman periods, very little
construction took place on the Athenian acropolis.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

64. (I) There are numerous variables that influence the

location of firms. (II) The locational decision of firms is
complex, and they spend considerable time and effort
in choosing their optimal locations. (III) Investments in
inappropriate locations may bave devastating
61. (I) Why prehistoric peoples decided to create images in consequences. (IV) Indeed, it is a mistake to assume
caves is a hot topic of discussion. (II) The majority of that most firms seek out low-cost labour opportunities.
prehistoric cave paintings have been found in western (V) Thus, a firm’s locational decision-making process
Europe, portraying different animal species, such as is very important in terms of long-term sustainability
cats, bears, horses, and deer. (III) Different theories and economic prospects.
pose that cave paintings were magical, intended to A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
exercise control over what was depicted in the images
(IV) In addition, there is the thought that these images
were simply representations. (V) Whatever the reason
prehistoric man decided to put images on the walls
of caves, it remains a fascinating aspect of human
culture and nature.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

62. (I) The role and responsibilities of teachers have

undergone a significant evolution in recent years
65. (I) For the majority of Florida’s 40-million plus annual
(II) Conventionally viewed as dispensers of knowledge,
visitors, the typical travel poster images of Florida are
teachers are now increasingly perceived as facilitators
sun, sea, and sand. (II) The Sunshine state deserves
or managers of knowledge. (III) Students do not tend
its reputation as the perfect family vacation spot.
to show active participation and to interact with their
(III) Florida boasts a large indigenous population,
peers when they consider their teachers as the
whose complex political and religious systems have
authoritative source of knowledge and wisdom.
demonstrated a high degree of social organisation.
(IV) In addition, teachers are not only expected to
(IV) However, Florida is much richer in its culture,
transmit information to their students, but to act as a
landscape and character than its stereotypical image
consultant, informant, and guide as well. (V) They are
suggests. (V) Behind the modern look of Florida lies a
also seen as intellectual leaders who create
long and rich past, moulded by different nationalities
opportunities for students to demonstrate what they
and culture.
know and improve their academic and social skills.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

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67. Which of the following activities performed in the

66. - 68. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre agora by the ancient Greeks is not clearly stated in
cevaplayınız. the passage?

A) Sharing information
The Greek agora served many roles. Most importantly,
it was the centre of political life in the community.
The leaders of the polis, or city-state, met there in a B) Providing a learning environment
governing council known as the boule. Any decisions
made by the boule would be presented for approval
C) Making political decisions
at a formal meeting of citizens held in the agora. This
decision-making process was the essential element
of democracy in Greece. The agora also served as D) Offering sacrifices
a place of worship. In ancient Athens, for example,
the agora contained numerous altars, small shrines,
and temples. Before entering these sacred places, E) Trading
Athenians had to purify themselves through various
rituals. Anyone considered impure could be denied
entrance to the agora. Those barred from the agora
would also be excluded from participation in the
decision making of the polis. Lastly, the agora was
a lively commercial and social centre. It served as a
public marketplace where merchants bought and sold
goods and where citizens shopped. As the main
public area of the polis, the agora provided
opportunities for citizens to gather and exchange
information, and gossip, and for teachers to hold
informal outdoor classes. These commercial and
social activities were an essential part of everyday life
in ancient Greece.

66.
According to the passage who could be a member
of the boule?
A) Ordinary citizens 68. Which could be the best title for this passage?

A) The Functions of the Agora

B) Heads of the polis

B) Social Activities in Ancient Greece

C) Traders in the agora

C) Places of Worship in the Agora

D) Teachers

D) The Agora and its Origin

E) Religious leaders

E) Agora: Traders’ Heaven

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70. One can understand from the passage that the

69. - 71. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre phrase ‘Frankenstein Impulse ----.
cevaplayınız.

A) was coined by Mary Shelley to ensure the

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is the story of a brilliant
immortality of her work
and arrogant researcher called Victor Frankenstein,
who believes his teachers to be ignorant and is
obsessed with creating life. It is also a cautionary B) shows man’s subconscious desire to destroy
tale of a young man who achieves what he sought nature
to do, only to have his creation destroy him and all
he loves. While most novels from so long ago have
C) refers to man’s passion to be free from daily
been forgotten, Frankenstein lives on. Why has
responsibilities
it remained so popular? Perhaps, it is due to the
philosophical themes it addresses, which are still D) represents human’s temptation to challenge the
discussed in our modern world: attempting to alter limitations of nature
nature, the avoidance of duties, and the importance
of taking responsibility for one’s actions. Frankenstein
E) refers to our thirst for reading such works full of
is as immortal as any novel can be. Indeed, one
supernatural elements
reason for its continuing popularity may be called the
‘Frankenstein Impulse’ - the desire to alter nature,
even to the point of creating new forms of life.
Frankenstein is not far removed from today’s ethical
discussions on foetal tissue research, life extension,
human cloning, and artificial intelligence. It is still
relevant as a cautionary tale for research ethics,
especially in regard to the proper treatment of people
and other organisms and the need to be clear on what
the potential benefits are in relation to the potential
harms the proposed research may cause.

69. According to the passage the novel Frankenstein

is still popular today because ----. 71. Why does the author believe Frankenstein to be an
important cautionary tale in today’s world?

A) its hero achieves his dreams despite being quite A) It highlights the potential negative consequences
young of arrogance in research.

B) it has sparked many authors to produce works on B) It is still a source of inspiration for young and
controversial topics like human cloning inexperienced researchers today.

C) it is one of the earliest works of science fiction C) The desire to create new forms of life has paved
the way for certain scientific experiments.
D) it touches upon certain philosophical issues that
are under ongoing debate D) It illustrates the significance of taking research
ethics into consideration.
E) it explores the boundaries of immortality more
extensively than any novel can do E) It depicts the potential harms of an experiment
when conducted by a young researcher.

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73. According to the passage the housing problem in

72. - 74. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre the US ----.
cevaplayınız.

Homelessness, the condition of human beings who A) was expected to be overcome through federal
lack stable shelter, has become a tenacious problem funds in the last quarter of the 20th century
in the US, as the condition has been around for a
long time. It results from the interplay of various B) plays a central role in understanding the existing
personal and contextual factors, including political and problem of homelessness
economic trends and constraints. A family in the US
may end up homeless due to loss of income because
of unemployment, or physical or psychological illness C) is not at an alarming rate as it used to be thanks
of a wage earner or a family member. Despite the to the rapid growth of the housing market
significance of such factors, however, at the heart of
homelessness is a serious housing problem. Several D) is mainly linked to loss of income, which could be
key ways in which the housing market and the overall caused by either personal or contextual factors
economy operate create situations leading to
homelessness. First, rents in the United States have E) has been shown to lead to other problems such as
increased faster than incomes. Second, there are unemployment and illness
simply not enough low-cost units to satisfy the housing
demand on the part of low-income households. Third,
federal funds for housing low-income households are
far below the need, and the number of assisted
housing units being added to this inventory slowed
dramatically during the last quarter of the 20th century.

72. The underlined word in the passage ‘tenacious’ is 74. What is the passage mainly about?
closest in meaning to ----.

A) thorough A) Why rents in the US have increased faster than

incomes.
B) compulsory
B) The lack of low-cost units to meet the housing
demand in the US.
C) peculiar
C) The trends and constraints in the housing market
D) persistent in the US.

D) The causes of the homelessness problem in the

E) astonishing
US.
E) How to address the homelessness problem in the
US.

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76. The underlined word ‘buffer’ in the passage is

75. - 77. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
closest in meaning to ----.
cevaplayınız.
A) sustain
Just as psychological factors can contribute to sport
injury, psychological treatments can help to prevent B) yield
it. Initial evidence of the potential preventive impact
of psychological interventions on the occurrence of
sport injury was obtained almost by accident as an C) diminish
unintended side effect of interventions designed to
enhance sport performance. Training athletes
D) utilise
in attentional control, imagery and relaxation can
reduce conditions (e.g., distraction, muscular
tension, perceived stress) that not only hamper E) retrieve
sport performance but also increase vulnerability to
injury. Teaching athletes psychological strategies
for managing stress (due to both positive and
negative life events) can lower their risk of having
sport injuries. In situations where athletes have
experienced successful competitive performance,
such interventions can help athletes to reduce their
injury risk by maintaining their focus. Developing
athlete social support groups that provide forums
for individuals to share their life events,
both positive and negative, may buffer the
amount of stress induced by these
experiences and thus moderate injury
susceptibility. Peer mentoring systems within
teams or athletic departments can also
strengthen the overall social support system and
offset the potentially adverse consequences of
stress.

75. It is clear from the passage that psychological 77. Which of the following is the main purpose of this
interventions designed to enhance sport passage?
performance ----.
A) To inform readers about the major causes of sport
A) were initially aimed at reducing vulnerability to injuries
sport injury
B) To show how psychological interventions can help
B) were found by chance to prevent sport injuries athletes in different ways

C) To provide specific examples of psychological

C) failed to help athletes who could not maintain their interventions to enhance sport performance
focus
D) To promote the use of social support groups as a
D) were originally developed with the help of peer kind of psychological intervention
mentoring systems to cope with sport injuries
E) To introduce athletes to psychological strategies
E) led to the creation of social groups composed of
for combating stress
athletes suffering from stress caused by sport
injury

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79. Ebbinghaus and Bartlett are given as examples of

78. - 80. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre psychologists who ----.
cevaplayınız.

A) claimed that the cognitive processes of humans

Science is always influenced by the technology that are more sophisticated than the processes
surrounds it, and psychology is no exception. Thus, computers perform
it is no surprise that beginning in the 1960s, growing
numbers of psychologists began to think about the
brain and about human behaviour in terms of the B) were among the first people to study the impacts
computer, which was being developed and becoming of the computer on mental processes
publicly available at that time. The analogy between
the brain and the computer, although by no means C) carried out research associated with cognition
perfect, provided part of the impetus for a new school even before cognitive psychology came into
of psychology called ‘cognitive psychology’. Cognitive existence
psychology is a field of psychology that studies mental
processes, including perception, thinking, memory, D) founded the field of cognitive psychology through
and judgement. These actions correspond well to a number of studies in the 1960s
the processes that computers perform. Although the
subfield of cognitive psychology began genuinely
in the 1960s, earlier psychologists had also taken a E) came up with the analogy between the brain and
cognitive orientation. Among the most important ones the computer in psychology
were the German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus
(1850-1909), who studied the ability of people to
remember lists of words under different conditions,
and the English psychologist Sir Frederic Bartlett
(1886-1969), who studied the cognitive and social
processes of remembering.

78. It is clearly stated in the passage that psychology ----. 80. What is the passage mainly about?

A) helped computers to obtain wider use in scientific

research and development A) The early origins of computer technology

B) has been regarded by scientists as the most

B) The collaboration between scientists to better
suitable research area for computer use
understand human behaviour
C) was the first field where computers were used in
research studies C) Mental processes that must be studied in more
D) can be further developed by improving the detail by cognitive psychologists
analogy between the brain and the computer,
which was proposed by Ebbinghaus and Bartlett D) The contribution of technology to the emergence
of cognitive psychology
E) is comparable to other fields of science in that
technology affects it as well E) The founding fathers of cognitive psychology

TEST BİTTİ.
20 Diğer sayfaya EDİNİZ.
geçiniz.
YANITLARINIZI KONTROL
2022 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR SOSYAL BİLİMLER

1. A 21. E 41. A 61. B

2. B 22. B 42. C 62. C
3. A 23. E 43. D 63. D
4. B 24. C 44. E 64. D
5. D 25. C 45. B 65. C
6. D 26. D 46. C 66. B
7. D 27. A 47. A 67. D
8. E 28. E 48. D 68. A
9. D 29. B 49. D 69. D
10. B 30. A 50. E 70. D
11. A 31. B 51. C 71. D
12. C 32. D 52. A 72. D
13. D 33. E 53. B 73. B
14. C 34. A 54. B 74. D
15. B 35. B 55. D 75. B
16. B 36. B 56. D 76. C
17. E 37. D 57. D 77. B
18. B 38. D 58. E 78. E
19. B 39. C 59. B 79. C
20. A 40. B 60. E 80. D