Technological University of the Philippines – Taguig
Km. 14 East Service Road, Western Bicutan Taguig City
VISION: The Technological University of the Philippines shall be a premiere state university
with recognized excellence in engineering and technology education at par
with the leading universities in the ASEAN region.
I. Objectives:
At the end of the period the students should be able to:
• Explain the basic principles of inheritance, genetics, and the processes of
meiosis and fertilization.
• Show appreciation for the importance of genetics in animal reproduction
and improvement.
• Illustrate genetic crosses and simulate the process of meiosis and
fertilization using diagrams or models.
II. Subject Matter:
Animal Genetics and Reproduction
References:
https://youtu.be/tVmAikbyLyg?si=zonrFq6QTasP3ORd
https://www.bankofbiology.com/2012/02/chromosome-number-of-animals.html
https://youtu.be/agQpPPQ5IVQ?si=xcoCRJNQden-I7B2
https://youtu.be/PyP_5EgQBmE?si=ljVyNXnTttIAHjQH
III. Materials:
1. Laptop
2. Projector
3. PowerPoint Presentation
4. Activity Handouts
5. Video
6.Recitation Chips
IV. Procedure:
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY
A. Preparation
* Good afternoon, Class! Kindly -Good afternoon, Ma'am
standup.
-We feel great!
* How are you all feeling today?
- Alright, nice but before we start the
class President please lead the prayer. *President will lead the prayer
-Thankyou president.
*Before we sit class, please pick – up *Students will pick up the trash and sit
all the trash under your chair and
please arrange your chairs also.
* Secretary, Are there any absent?
- Thank you, secretary.
-No Ma'am, we have complete attendance.
Before we start the class, I’m going to
introduce something new. I’m going to
give out recitation chip stickers for
recitation.
Every time you participate, answer a -Yes ma’am
question, or join the discussion, you can
earn a Recitation Chip. So, make sure
to participate.
B. Motivation
ICE BREAKER: WHO AM I?
*"Let’s warm up our brains with a quick guessing game! I’ll give you clues that
describe how an animal looks — no sounds or actions, just physical traits! Your job is
to guess what animal it is. Let’s go!"
*I have four legs, sharp teeth, and a long, wagging tail. My ears are often pointed or
floppy, and my nose is always sniffing around.
Answer: Dog
*I have two horns, a beard under my chin, hooves, and a lean body. My fur is short or
shaggy, and I’m good at climbing.
Answer: Cat
I have horns and I eat grass and leaves. I can climb steep places.
Answer: Goat
C. Lesson Proper
*Okay, so before we formally start, what
do you think will be our lesson for today, *It’s about genetics ma’am.
based on the game that we had.
*That’s right our lesson for today is about
Genetics
* Today, we’re going to discover the basic
principles of genetics, how traits are
inherited, and how reproduction happens
through a process called meiosis and
fertilization. And we’ll meet someone very
*important — the Father of Genetics, Gregor
Mendel — who first discovered how traits
are passed down.
“To start, let’s read a short introduction
about Gregor Mendel.” *Yes ma’am!
*But before that let me ask are we all ready
to learn? *GREGOR MENDEL
"Father of Genetics”
In 1866, Gregor Mendel, an Austrian
*Kindly read the slide. (picks someone to monk, began experimenting with pea
read) plants to study how traits are inherited.
His work with self-fertilization and cross-
pollination allowed him to discover
patterns in inheritance.
*Okay class — let’s look at this
illustration. This shows one of the
experiments done by Gregor Mendel using
pea plants, where he studied how traits,
like seed color, are passed from one
generation to the next.
*In the Parental generation-
Mendel crossed one pea plant with yellow
seeds and another with green seeds.
In the First Filial Generation or F1
generation, all the seeds turned out yellow
and no green seeds at all.
In the second filial generation or F2
Generation, he found a pattern: for every
3 yellow seeds, there was 1 green seed.
This is called a 3:1 ratio.
*Student answers.
- They follow a predictable ratio based on
*What does it mean when Mendel found a dominant and recessive genes.
pattern in the F2 generation? -We can predict the traits of future
generation using genetics.
*That’s right!
*Now that we know we’re going to
understand what genetics is.
The study of how traits are passed from
parents to offspring.
It explains why animals look and act the
way they do.
*"Let’s take a look at these two rabbit
pairs.
This shows us how parents pass traits to
their babies — or offspring."
*A trait is a physical characteristic that is
inherited from one generation to the next.
ex:
Yellow seed color
Green seed color
Genes and Alleles
A gene controls a specific trait, but genes
can have different versions.
These different versions of a gene are
called alleles.
Yellow seed allele
Green seed allele
*Kindly read
-Thankyou!
*Student will read
"There are two main types of alleles:
dominant and recessive.
• A dominant allele is strong. It will
always show up in the organism if
it’s present.
Think of it like the louder voice — it
takes over.
• A recessive allele is weaker — it
can be hidden if a dominant allele is
there.
*Before we proceed to the diagram, can
anyone tell me or does anyone have any
idea about a diagram used in genetics to
predict the genotypic and phenotypic *It’s Punnett square ma’am.
outcomes of a genetic cross.'
Can anyone fill in the blank?"
*"Yes! Very good It’s called a Punnett
square. It helps us predict the possible
combinations of alleles from parents to
offspring."
*"Now, Let’s look at how these alleles
paired up."
If an organism has two of the same alleles
— like BB or bb — it’s called homozygous.
BB = homozygous dominant
bb = homozygous recessive
If it has two different alleles — like Bb —
it’s called heterozygous.
A genotype is the genetic code — the actual
combination of alleles.
Example: TT, Tt, or tt
A phenotype is what we can see — the
physical trait the organism has.
Example: Tall or short
*Guess the trait
*We have here a sample situation of *(Expected answer: BB, because
Punnett square, now can anyone answer homozygous is 2 of the same alleles which
"What is the genotype for a Homozygous and is dominant so capital BB.)
Dominant sheep and why?
-Very good!
*How about heterozygous sheep?
*(Expected answer: Bb, because
heterozygous are 2 of different alleles
ma’am.
-Very good!
*(Expected answer: bb, because
*How about homozygous Recessive? heterozygous are 2 of different alleles and
is recessive so lowercase bb ma’am.
-Very good!
*Moving on to function of Genes
Chromosomes and DNA.
*Based on the definition given can anyone
read and tell me what is DNA?
*Student will read and answer.
-DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is genetic
material found in the nucleus of cells. It is a
complex polymer which carries the genetic
code. This determines all the characteristics
of a living organism.
-That’s Correct!
*Next is chromosome can anyone read?
*Student will read.
Each chromosome is made up of a single
molecule of DNA. The cross shape we
associate with chromosomes arises when
the DNA copies itself, coils and condenses
for cell division (mitosis).
*Student will read
*Next is DNA and genes can anyone read?
*What do we think is the difference of DNA *Expected answer: DNA carries the genetic
and genes based on the given definition? information so it’s basically a blueprint,
while genes contain the code to produce a
particular cell ma’am.
*That’s right!
*Next how do we locate a gene? Look at
these levels of organization from nucleus to
chromosome, DNA and finally a gene.
*Next, can anyone read?
*Student will read.
The 23rd pair of chromosomes are known
as the sex chromosomes. In females, the
chromosome pair are identical and known
as XX. In males, the chromosome pair are
different and known as XY.
*Moving on to meiosis and fertilization,
we’re going to watch a video about meiosis
and fertilization.
*Students will watch a video.
https://youtu.be/nMEyeKQClqI?si=sXT7JYfF
D77B9CII
*Based on the video you have watched,
that is how meiosis and fertilization
happen. To understand it more, here we
have a diagram.
*Meiosis is a special kind of cell division. It
reduces the number of chromosomes by
half — from 46 to 23.
When an egg (23 chromosomes) is
fertilized by a sperm (23 chromosomes),
they combine to form a full set of 46 again.
This is how traits are passed down from
both parents. It’s also why siblings aren’t
exact copies of each other — meiosis mixes
up the DNA in different ways every time.
*Before we proceed to our activity, do you Students will ask or not.
have any questions?
D. Generalization D. Generalization
How does understanding Animal genetics *Understanding reproduction helps us take
and reproduction help us care for animals better care of animals because it tells us
better in farms, zoos, or even the wild? how they make babies, how often they can
reproduce, and what they need to stay
healthy during pregnancy and birth.
E. Application
Activity Title: "Predict the Fur Color!"
Objective:
Students will work in groups of 5 to
complete a Punnett Square analysis based
on the provided worksheet. Each group will
analyze the genetic crosses and determine
the genotypes and phenotypes for each
pair.
Instructions:
1. Form a group of 5.
2. Each group will be given one Punnett
Square worksheet.
3. Collaboratively fill out the missing
genotypes in the squares based on
the allele combinations.
V. Evaluation
The score in this activity is also your individual score for your QUIZ.
VI. Assignment / Agreement
Find out what is Animal DNA cloning and biotechnology and give real example of an
animal that was either cloned or genetically modified. Then, answer the questions below
in your own words.
1.What is one real-life example of animal cloning or genetic modification?
2.Where and when did it happen?
3.How was the animal cloned or modified?
4.Why was this done?
5.What were the results or effects?
Prepared by: Submitted to:
Mikaela Bea P. Lisbe Prof. Reginald Cutanda
