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Microwave Engineering David M Pozar 4ed Wiley 2012 077

The document discusses the behavior of a terminated lossless transmission line, detailing the relationship between voltage and current waves, including incident and reflected components. It introduces the concept of the voltage reflection coefficient, which indicates the amplitude of reflected waves relative to incident waves, and explains that a matched load impedance results in no reflection. Additionally, the document presents the formula for time-average power flow along the line, highlighting the impact of the reflection coefficient on power transmission.

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34 views1 page

Microwave Engineering David M Pozar 4ed Wiley 2012 077

The document discusses the behavior of a terminated lossless transmission line, detailing the relationship between voltage and current waves, including incident and reflected components. It introduces the concept of the voltage reflection coefficient, which indicates the amplitude of reflected waves relative to incident waves, and explains that a matched load impedance results in no reflection. Additionally, the document presents the formula for time-average power flow along the line, highlighting the impact of the reflection coefficient on power transmission.

Uploaded by

phanpham2k4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

3 The Terminated Lossless Transmission Line 57

V(z), I(z)
IL
+
Z0, ␤ VL ZL
–

z
l 0

FIGURE 2.4 A transmission line terminated in a load impedance Z L .

must be excited with the appropriate amplitude to satisfy this condition. The total voltage
on the line can then be written as in (2.14a), as a sum of incident and reflected waves:
V (z) = Vo+ e− jβz + Vo− e jβz . (2.34a)
Similarly, the total current on the line is described by (2.14b):
Vo+ − jβz Vo− jβz
I (z) = e − e . (2.34b)
Z0 Z0
The total voltage and current at the load are related by the load impedance, so at z = 0 we
must have
V (0) V + + Vo−
ZL = = o+ Z0.
I (0) Vo − Vo−
Solving for Vo− gives
Z L − Z0 +
Vo− = V .
Z L + Z0 o
The amplitude of the reflected voltage wave normalized to the amplitude of the incident
voltage wave is defined as the voltage reflection coefficient, :
Vo− Z L − Z0
= + = Z +Z . (2.35)
Vo L 0

The total voltage and current waves on the line can then be written as
 
V (z) = Vo+ e− jβz + e jβz , (2.36a)
Vo+  − jβz 
I (z) = e − e jβz . (2.36b)
Z0
From these equations it is seen that the voltage and current on the line consist of a super-
position of an incident and a reflected wave; such waves are called standing waves. Only
when  = 0 is there no reflected wave. To obtain  = 0, the load impedance Z L must be
equal to the characteristic impedance Z 0 of the transmission line, as seen from (2.35). Such
a load is said to be matched to the line since there is no reflection of the incident wave.
Now consider the time-average power flow along the line at the point z:
1 1 |Vo+ |2
Pavg = Re V (z)I (z)∗ = Re 1 −  ∗ e−2 jβz + e2 jβz − ||2 ,
2 2 Z0
where (2.36) has been used. The middle two terms in the brackets are of the form A − A∗ =
2 j Im {A} and so are purely imaginary. This simplifies the result to
1 |Vo+ |2  
Pavg = 1 − ||2 , (2.37)
2 Z0

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