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Microwave Engineering David M Pozar 4ed Wiley 2012 076

The document discusses the propagation constant, wave impedance, and characteristic impedance of a lossless coaxial transmission line, highlighting that the wave impedance is equal to the intrinsic impedance of the medium. It also explains how power flow is computed using the Poynting vector, showing that power is transmitted through electric and magnetic fields rather than the conductors themselves. Additionally, the document introduces the concept of wave reflection on terminated lossless transmission lines when the load impedance differs from the characteristic impedance.

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6 views1 page

Microwave Engineering David M Pozar 4ed Wiley 2012 076

The document discusses the propagation constant, wave impedance, and characteristic impedance of a lossless coaxial transmission line, highlighting that the wave impedance is equal to the intrinsic impedance of the medium. It also explains how power flow is computed using the Poynting vector, showing that power is transmitted through electric and magnetic fields rather than the conductors themselves. Additionally, the document introduces the concept of wave reflection on terminated lossless transmission lines when the load impedance differs from the characteristic impedance.

Uploaded by

phanpham2k4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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56 Chapter 2: Transmission Line Theory

Propagation Constant, Impedance, and Power Flow


for the Lossless Coaxial Line
Equations (2.24a) and (2.24b) for E ρ and Hφ can be simultaneously solved to yield a wave
equation for E ρ (or Hφ ):

∂ 2 Eρ
+ ω2 µ E ρ = 0, (2.29)
∂z 2
from which it is seen that the propagation constant is γ 2 = −ω2 µ , which, for lossless
media, reduces to
√ √
β = ω µ = ω LC, (2.30)

where the last result is from (2.12). Observe that this propagation constant is of the same
form as that for plane waves in a lossless dielectric medium. This is a general result for
TEM transmission lines.
The wave impedance for the coaxial line is defined as Z w = E ρ /Hφ , which can be
calculated from (2.24a), assuming an e− jβz dependence, to give
Eρ ωµ 
Zw = = = µ/ = η. (2.31)
Hφ β
This wave impedance is seen to be identical to the intrinsic impedance of the medium, η,
and is a general result for TEM transmission lines.
The characteristic impedance of the coaxial line is defined as

Vo E ρ ln b/a η ln b/a µ ln b/a
Z0 = = = = , (2.32)
Io 2π Hφ 2π 2π
where the forms for E ρ and Hφ from Example 2.1 have been used. The characteristic
impedance is geometry dependent and will be different for other transmission line config-
urations.
Finally, the power flow (in the z direction) on the coaxial line may be computed from
the Poynting vector as
  
1 1 2π b Vo Io∗ 1
P= Ē × H̄ ∗ · d s̄ = 2
ρdρdφ = Vo Io∗ , (2.33)
2 s 2 φ=0 ρ=a 2πρ ln b/a 2
a result that is in clear agreement with circuit theory. This shows that the flow of power
in a transmission line takes place entirely via the electric and magnetic fields between the
two conductors; power is not transmitted through the conductors themselves. As we will
see later, for the case of finite conductivity, power may enter the conductors, but this power
is then lost as heat and is not delivered to the load.

2.3 THE TERMINATED LOSSLESS TRANSMISSION LINE


Figure 2.4 shows a lossless transmission line terminated in an arbitrary load impedance Z L .
This problem will illustrate wave reflection on transmission lines, a fundamental property
of distributed systems.
Assume that an incident wave of the form Vo+ e− jβz is generated from a source at
z < 0. We have seen that the ratio of voltage to current for such a traveling wave is Z 0 , the
characteristic impedance of the line. However, when the line is terminated in an arbitrary
load Z L = Z 0 , the ratio of voltage to current at the load must be Z L . Thus, a reflected wave

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