COMPOSITION
Arrangement and placement of pictorial elements
(subjects, objects, lighting, color, background,
magnification, camera shot, camera angle, shooting
angle, camera movement, hair and make up, costume
etc.) in a manner that should soothing to the eyes and or
came out with a meaning but not always.
VFX- Visual effects- With software
Special effects- within set with equipment’s
CROMA
Virtual set
SHOT
1. it makes the viewer 2. it connects and
travel at a distance disconnects emotions ☺
SHOTS
It makes your viewer travel into distance It connects and disconnects emotions
Magnification (3 types) Camera shots
LS Long shot Extreme LS
LS
Mid long shot/
knee shot
MS Mid shot Mid shot (for
upper body)-
also known as
belt shot/waist
shot
CU Close up Mid close up
(for (MCU)
emotions) CU
Extreme close
up
(ECU)
CAMERA SHOTS
(for magnification)
1. One shot- when there is one
character in the frame, it’s known
as one shot (Solo shot)
2. Two shot- when there are two
characters in the frame, it’s known
as two shot
3. Three shot- When there are 3
characters in the frame, its known
as 3 shot.
4. Group shot- When there are more
than 3 characters in the frame, it’s
called group shot
5. Crowd shot- When there are ‘n’
number of characters in the frame,
which are almost uncontrollable,
it’s called crowd shot.
6. Establishing shot- it’s an extreme
long shot (ELS) where the
environment is connected with the
viewer.
7. Freeze shot- It’s an editing
technique where we freeze a shot
at a particular frame. It’s also
known as ‘freeze frame’.
The reason to use freeze shot
a. To hook the audience
b. To introduce the characters and
the situations
8. Static shot- When there is no
camera movement, it’s known as
static shot
9. Panaroma shot (Pan Shot)
When camera moves on its horizontal axis is known as pan
shot. The base of the camera should be static (eg. Camera
on a tripod).
Four types of PAN are
I. Survey pan
II. Follow pan
III. Interrupted pan
IV. Switched pan- the fast panning between two or more
subjects
10. Tilt PAN – when camera moves vertically on the axis
without changing the position of camera. Here the base
of the camera stays static.
• (+ve) Tilt up to down (sky to earth)- Coming with
gravity
• (-ve) Tilt down to up- create negative curiosity
11. Over the shoulder shot- It’s also
known as OTS/OSS. This is most used
shot in film.
12. Ariel shot. Any shot which is taken from the air such
as drone, helicopter, air balloon,
aero plane etc.
13. Shift focus shot- Shifting focus rom one subject to
another in one frame/shot.
It changes the centre of
attraction.
Magnification in
Cinematography is
known as Shots Size
Opacity
4 Types of basic transition mostly used in films
- Cut
- Dissolve
- Fade Blue light for night
- Wipe
Yellow light for
day light
3rd shot for dreams
Opacity
4 Types of basic transition mostly used in films
- Cut
- Dissolve
- Fade
- Wipe
CAMERA ANGLES
Angles give meaning to the frame.
1. Camera Angles 2. Shooting Angles
Camera angles
Placemen of lens in respect to
the subject’s eyes or object’s
centre.
1. Eye level- Normal
perspective
2. Low angles- strength
angles- power in the frame
3. High angles- Dominating
angles-(to shoot single
character)
4. Top angles- Creates
dominance- God’s angle (to
shoot public)
5. Candid angle/Dutch angle-
for dramatization
Shooting angle
How the camera behaves and results into action
1. Subjective angle- When the camera becomes
subject’s eye and we see whatever character sees is
subjective angle.
2. Objective angle- it’s known as the director’s point of
view.
3. P.O.V- When the camera becomes subject itself and
behaves and reacts like a character is known as P.O.V.
