BIO303 FINAL TERM MCQs
…….Cycle allow seeds to use lipids source. (glycoxylate)
∆S has a +ve sign when entropy…….. (increase)
If ∆G is negative the reaction will occur…….. spontaneously)
Equilibrium constants are….. (multiplicative)
Compounds that contain two phosphate or Phosphoryl groups attached at
different positions In the molecule are named bisphosphates
FMN and FAD co enzymes catalyze oxidation Reduction reactions
……(Flavoproteins
)7) During preparatory phase….. Molecules of ATP Are invested before the
cleavage of glucose into 2, Three carbon compounds. (2)
Aspergillus Niger and Lactobacillus are the Microbes used to commercially
produce citric acid And lactic acid. The production take place in….. (batch
fermenter)
In eukaryote TCA cycle takes place in …..mitochondria
The rate of any reaction is determined by the Concentration of the……
(reactants)
RNA is a polymer of….. (ribonucleotides)
Primary Structure of RNA defined as the Number and sequence of in the
RNA chain.
Pepsin is a digestive enzymes in the stomach is Maximally active ph……(2)
Ligand binds at a site on the protein called the… (binding site)
Mannose 6-phosphate is isomerized by Phosphomannose isomerase to yield
fructose 6-Phosphate, an intermediate of glycolysis.
ate equation V° is the…. Reaction velocity. (initial)
The velocity of reaction is the rate of …. Formation. (product)
Reversible inhibitors bind to enzyme through ….. Bonds. (Non covalent)
The …….. Inhibition in effects lower the Concentration of the active site.
(noncompetitive)s
Neutral lipid are stored in …….. (Adipocytes)
The starting point for either the forward or the Reverse reaction is called
the… (ground state.)
The force driving the system toward equilibrium Is defined as the……
(standard free-energy Change)
The substrate concentration at which V₀ is…….. Is Km____(½ Vmax)
Since Vmax and Km are both constants, their Ratio is …. (constant)
What will be the pH of 0.1 M HCl?___(1)
At the beginning of the titration, the acetic acid Is……… ionized. (Slightly)
Citric Acid Cycle discovered by… ( Hans28) Pyruvate, the product of
glycolysis, is converted To… (acetyl-CoA)
29) Fatty acid entry into ……. Via the acyl-carnitine/ Carnitine
transporter._(Mitochondria)
30) When a substrate attach to an enzyme is Causes… changes. (
conformational )
31) ….. Reflects the affinity of enzyme for substrate. (Km)
32) When the enzyme is activated by DE phosphorylation (by a specific
phosphatase),
Is citrate enters the citric acid cycle and ATP is Produced.
33) Fatty acid consist of an alkyl chain and….34) The solution is said to be
Neutral pH when
There are exactly equal concentrations of positive And
negative ions.
35) Chylomicrons transport dietary ….. to tissues. (cholesterol)
36) In citric acid cycle the NADH is released by the Formation of …..
(oxaloacetate)
37) Which coenzyme is not used in pyruvate Dehydrogenase complete.
(GTP)
38) Energetic cost of activating fatty acid is Equivalent to …. Molecules of
ATP. (2)
39) In general, irreversible inhibitors bind to Enzymes through covalent
bonds.
40) Carboxylation of pyruvate by CO2 to form Oxaloacetate, catalyzed by
pyruvate carboxylase
.41) ……… Serves as the universal energy currency in All living cell___ATP
42) Carbon in the fermentation medium .. can be Obtained
from._Upstream Processing
43) Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis Are______Reciprocally regulated
44) In nonoxidative phase, ribulose 5-phosphate is First epimerized to
xylulose 5- Phosphate
45) DNA forms RNA by transcription whereas the Process by which RNA
form DNA is called Reverse transcription
46) Lyasis are the enzyme which do not catalyzed The reaction by
oxidation.
47) A ligand bind at a site on the protein
48) The noncompetitive inhibition is effects the Concentration of the
active enzyme.
49) Noncompetitive inhibitors do not interfere with The binding of
substrate to enzyme.
50) Reversible inhibitors bind to enzyme through….. Covalent Bonds.
51) ……… Reflect the efficient of the enzyme for the Substrate. __km
52) Mass action ratio is depicted by……. Q
53) Neutral lipid are stored in …….. adipocytes
54) Fatty acid consist of an alkyl chain and ……… Carboxylic acid
55) Sine Vmax and Km are both constant their ratio
56) Enzyme…….. System is described in terms of Free energy. Biological
System
57) Ionization of water can be measured by it ….. Electrical
conductivity
58)The rate or velocity of a reaction (v) is the Number of substrate
molecules converted to Product per unit time; ___Reaction Velocity.
59) Oxidation of Odd-numbered fatty acids: Fatty Acids with an odd
number of carbons are found in The lipids of many plants and
marine organisms.
60) This cycle allows seeds to use lipids as a source Of energy to form the
shoot during germination.__
Glyoxalate Cycle-2
61) If the non-protein moiety is a metal ion such as62) High effective
catalyst commonly reaction rate
By a factor of ……10⁵ to 10¹⁷
63) Reaction velocity denoted by…… V
64) The rate of any reaction is determined by the Concentration of the……
reactants
65) Pepsin a digestive enzymes in the stomach is Maximally active at pH…..
2
66) Initial velocity is denoted by…. V•
67) Unequal electron sharing…..two electric dipoles
68) H30+ migrate towards the…… Cathode
69) . …..Cycle allow seeds to use lipids source. ( Glycoxylate cycle -2)
70) ∆S has a +ve sign when entropy…….. (increase)
71) If ∆G is negative the reaction will occur……..
72) Equilibrium constants are….. (multiplicative)
73) FMN and FAD co enzymes catalyze oxidation Reduction
reactions…..(Flavoproteins)
74) Gluconeogenesis occurs in the a.Plant b.Animals
c.Microorganisms. d. All options
75) Utilization of glucose the hydrolysis of ATP Produced the ADP + pi
76) Glycolysis is the____Exergonic
77) Beta oxidation__The repetitive four-step Process, by which fatty acids
are converted into
Acetyl-CoA called Beta oxidation.
78) In eukaryote, TCA cycle takes place in …..mitochondria
79) The last step in glycolysis is the transfer of the Phosphoryl group from
phosphoenolpyruvate to
ADP, catalyzed by pyruvate kinase, which Requires K+
(potassium ions) and either Mg+2 or Mn+2 .
80) The free energy of the system is plotted against The progress of the
reaction S → P.
81) A buffer system consists of a weak acid (the Proton donor) and its
conjugate base (the proton
82) If Keq of a reaction is greater than 1.0, ∆G° is Negative, forward
direction is favored
83) If Keq is less than 1.0, ∆G° is positive, reverse Direction is favored
84) Secondary structure involves coil formation of The
polyribonucleotide chain.
85) 3-D arm: It contains the base dihydrouridine.
86) Km reflects the affinity of the enzyme for the Substrate.
87) Liver peroxisomes do not contain the enzymes Of the citric acid cycle
and cannot catalyze the
Oxidation of acetyl-CoA to CO2.
88) Nucleophiles: functional groups rich in and Capable of
donating electrons
89) ∆S has a +ve sign when entropy increase and _--ve when entropy
decreases
90) In the intestinal mucosa they are reconverted to Triacylglycerol’s
and packed with dietary
Cholesterol and specific proteins into lipoprotein Aggregates called
chylomicrons.
91) The concentration terms in this equation express The effects commonly
called mass action, and the
Term [C]c[D]d/[A]a[B]b is called the mass-action Ratio, Q.
92) Too much alcohol drinking reduce niacin Absorption from the
intestine
93) The binding of a protein and ligand is often Coupled to a
conformational change in the
Protein that makes the binding site morecomplementary to the ligand,
permitting tighter
Binding called induced fit.
94) The ionization of water can be measured by its Electrical
conductivity
95) The first step in glycolysis is phosphorylation Of glucose at the
hydroxyl group on C-6 by a
Family of enzymes called hexokinases to form
Glucose-6- phosphate (G6P). • step 2: The D-
Glucose 6-phosphate thus formed is converted to D-f
96) Chylomicrons (transport dietary cholesterol to Tissues)
97) The rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction Increases with substrate
concentration until a
98) Some rearrangement reactions, such as that Catalyzed by DNA
photolyase__- Free-Radical Reactions
99) There is a linear relationship between reaction Rate and enzyme
concentration (at constant
Substrate concentration).
100) Acetyl-CoA derived from fatty acids thus Enters a final common
pathway of oxidation with
The acetyl-CoA derived from glucose via Glycolysis and
pyruvate oxidation.
101) Enzyme is not rigid, changes shape with Substrate.
102) The substrate concentration at which V₀ is Half maximal is Km, the
Michaelis constant.
103) This change in conformation when the Substrate binds is induced by
multiple weak Interactions with the substrate
104) One simplifying approach in kinetics Experiments is to measure the
initial rate (or Initial velocity), designated V0, when [S] is much Greater
than the concentration of enzyme, [E].
105) In general, irreversible inhibitors bind to Enzymes through covalent
bonds.
106) Reversible inhibitors typically bind to Enzymes through non-
covalent bond
107) The PDH complex is composed of multiple Copies of three enzymes: •
Pyruvate
Dehydrogenase, • E1, E2 and E3
108) When there are exactly equal concentrations Of H+ and OH- , as in pure
water, the solution is
Said to be at neutral pH.
109) The noncompetitive inhibitor, in effect, Lowers the concentration of
the active enzyme and
Therefore decreases the Vmax of the enzyme
110) The tendency of any acid (HA) to lose a Proton and form its conjugate
base (A-) is defined
By the acid dissociation constant (Ka) for the Reversible
reaction.
111) Buffer Solutions: Buffers are aqueous Systems that tend to resist
changes in pH when
Small amounts of acid (H+) or base (OH-) are
112) Lineweaver-Burk plot has the great Advantage of allowing a more
accurate Determination of Vmax,
113) “Warburg effect” The German biochemist Otto Warburg first observed
in 1928 that Tumors________Cancer
114) Fatty acids catabolism causes the oxidation Beta carbon to
form___Glycerol.
115) ___Inhibitors binds at site disconnect from The substrate binging site
__Non-Competitive
116) At the beginning of the titration acetic acid Is ___ionized___Slightly
117) In organic chemistry, the acryloyl is form of __Enone
118) The binding of enzyme to the sIte of __Enzyme
119) Fatty acids consists of an alkyl chain and__carboxylic Acid
120) Glyoxalate cycle is a variation of _TCA Cycle.
121) The value of G remains positive when System __Energy __Gain.
122) The payoff phase of the Glycolysis includes The energy containing step
which involves ___Phosphorylation.
123) All tRNA molecules contain __main arms or Loops.__4
124) Delta S has a positive Sign when Entropy____Increases
125) Asspergillus niger and Lactobacillus are the Microbes used to
commercially produce Citric acidand lactic acid. The production take place
in __Batch Fermenter.
126) Which Coenzyme is not used in pyruvate Dehydrogenase
complete___GTP
127) The Force driving the system toward the Equilibrium is defined as the
__Standard Free
Energy change.
128) Carbon in the fermentation obtained from___Beet Molasses
129) In the cytosol, oxaloacetate is converted to Phosphoenolpyruvate by
PEP carboxykinase.
130) The level of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is high in The fed state and
low in starvation.
131) the single strand of RNA is capable of self-Folding like a hairpin
132) The core of the Escherichia coli enzyme contains 24 copies of E2
133) The German biochemist Otto Warburg first Observed in 1928 that
tumors of nearly all types carry Out glycolysis____ “Warburg effect”
134) like the saturated fatty acids, enters the Mitochondrial matrix via the
carnitine shuttle
135) RNA typically exists as a single strand Globular Molecule
136) Both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are Essentially irreversible
processes in cells
137) Therefore, at the end of two Citric acid cycles, The products are:
two GTP, six NADH, two FADH2,And four CO2.
138) Oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl-CoA. This139) Acetyl-Coa formed
from dietary fiber and Bind Coa Cycle__Citric cycle
140) acetyl-CoA formed in the liver during oxidation of fatty acids can
either enter the citric acid cycle or undergo conversion to the “ketone
bodies,”
141) energy in biological systems is described in terms of free energy, G′⁰
1. In animals TCA cycle take place in Mitochondria
2. Rate equation Vo is the ……………………. Reaction velocity Initial
3. Velocity of reaction is rate of …….. (is ki statement kuch differ thi) a.
Product
4. What will be the PH of 0.1M HCL? 1
5. At the beginning of titration ACETIC ACID is ………….. ionized a.
Slightly
6. Neutral lipids are stored in ……… Adipocytes
7. The starting point of either forward or reverse reaction called Ground
state
8. Vmax and Km are both constant at zero
9. Reflects the affinity of enzyme for substrate is a. Vmax
10. line weaver Burke plot is determined by Km
11. In citric Acid cycle how many NADH are produced 3
12. In fatty acid formation how many ATP molecules are formed 4
13. Exergonic process ……release………...energy
14. Formation of DNA from RNA by c. Reverse transcription
15. Mg+ cofactor mainly used as …… process
a. All biological process
16. Equilibrium constant described by Both k’ or k’ eq
18. Commonly used name for most enzymes followed by suffix b. -ase
19. The Value of G remains +ve when it gain……… energy
20. Glyoxalate cycle is variation of Tca
21: The carnitine shuttles a mechanism by which long chain fatty acids are
transported in to Mitochondrial matrix
22. Beta oxidation leads to Fatty acid degranulation
23. Reversible inhibitor binds to enzyme ………... bond Non-covalent
24. Chyrmnins transport dietary ……… Tissues. Cholesterol
25. In citric Acid Cycle NADH released by ……Oxaloacetate
142) ........are single strands globular molecules.___ tRNA
143) Animals convert the chemical energy of fuels into motion and heat
and In a few organisms such as fireflies chemical energy is
converted into light
144) A ligand bind at a site on the protein called the___binding site.
145) Gluconeogenesis is a process_____Synthesis glucose
146) Cori cycle take place in___liver
147) Conversion of glucose 6_phosphate of fructose 6_ phosphate requires
enzymes______phosphohexose isomerase
148) Standard reduction is denoted by____E°149) Pyruvate is oxidized, with
loss of its carboxyl group as CO2 , to yield the acetyl group of acetyl-
coenzyme A;
150) Chemicals reaction in which the reactions and products same
phase____homologous chemical reactions
151) Covalent bond are also called____molecular bond
152) It is in the form of a loop and carries specific sequences of three
bases which constitute the anticodon.
153) Secondary structure involves coil formation of the
polyribonucleotide chain.
154) It is defined as the number and sequence of ribonucleotides in the
RNA chain._____ Primary Structure of RNA
155) Separation of the two strands of the double helix when hydrogen
bonds between the paired bases are disrupted_____________ DNA
Denaturation
156) In non-oxidative phase, ribulose 5-phosphate is first epimerized to
xylulose 5phosphate
157) In the cytosol, oxaloacetate is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate by
PEPcarboxykinase
.158) The important precursors of glucose in animals are three-carbon
compounds such as lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol, as well as
certain amino acids
159) We take the example of Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus are the
microbes used to commercially produce citric acid and lactic acid,
respectively. (Both Fermentation)
160) Lactic acid fermentation is done by some fungi, some bacteria like in
yogurt, and sometimes by our muscles.
161) Compounds with two phosphates linked together as a pyro
phosphoryl group are named diphosphates;
162) Compounds that contain two phosphate or phosphoryl groups
attached at different positions in the molecule are named bisphosphates
(or bisphospho compounds);
163) The energy gain comes in the payoff phase of glycolysis
164) Note that during preparatory phase, 2 molecules of ATP are invested
before the cleavage of glucose into two three-carbon pieces.
165) NAD and NADP are soluble electron carriers that act with
dehydrogenase enzymes
166) Waste products from other industrial processes, such as molasses,
cheese whey and corn steep liquor, after modifying with
theincorporation of additional nutrients, are used as the substrate
for many industrial fermentation
167) • A high level of AMP indicates that the energy charge is low
168) High levels of ATP and citrate indicate that the energy charge is high
169) In 1910 Chaim Weizmann (later to become the first
president of Israel) discovered that the bacterium Clostridium
acetobutyricum ferments starch to butanol and acetone.
170) Biological Reactions required energy ____endergonic.
171) Actual free-Energy changes depend on Reactant and Product
Concentrations
172) The binding of a protein and ligand is often coupled to a
conformational change in the protein
173) All tRNA molecules contain 4 main arms or loops.174) Most
biochemical reactions occur near pH 7 (buffered)
175) beer and wine, alcohol are produced by fermentation
176) In some plant tissues and in certain invertebrates, protists, and
microorganisms such as yeast, pyruvate is converted under hypoxic or
anaerobic conditions to ethanol and CO2, a process called ethanol
(alcohol) fermentation
177) Under Aerobic conditions, the pyruvate formed in the final step of
glycolysis is oxidized to acetate (acetyl- CoA), which enters the citric acid
cycle and is oxidized to CO2 and H2O.
178) Dehydrogenase meaning ____Removal of Hydrogen
179) Galactokinase deficiency galactosemia high conc. are found in blood
and urine.
180) Messenger RNA (mRNA) Size 500-6000 nucleotides
181) The rate of re-association depends upon the
concentration of the complementary strands.182) Pyruvate is the
end product of the second phase of
glycolysis
183) Tri carbocyclic acid cycle (TCA) or Kreb’s cycle
184) Kreb’s cycle same as Acetyl Co-A
185) The enzyme phosphohexose isomerase(phosphoglucose isomerase)
catalyzes the reversible isomerization of glucose 6- phosphate, an
aldose, to fructose 6- phosphate, a ketose.
186) Unshared electrons are represented by Dot.
187) Similar to DNA, RNA polymer also has polarity
188) Too much alcohol drinking reduce niacin absorption from
the intestine
189) Oxalo acetic acid (OAA) produced in mitochondria is impermeable
through mitochondrial membrane
190) Lipid-soluble quinones: ubiquinone and plastoquinone act as electron
carriers and proton donors in
191) NAD is a lipid soluble electro carriers.
192) In the surface techniques, the microorganisms are cultivated on the
surface of a liquid or solid substrate.
193) In the submersion processes, the microorganisms grow in a liquid
medium provided with the substrate
194) Lyases are included in a separate class because they catalyze these
reactions by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation.
195) Nucleophiles: functional groups rich in and capable of
donating electrons
196) The electron-donating molecule in an oxidation-reduction reaction is
called the reducing agent or reductant
197) The electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or
oxidant.
198) Photosynthetic organisms make glucose by first reducing atmospheric
CO2 to trioses, then converting the
199) NAD, NADP are water soluble coenzymes.
200) The payoff phase of glycolysis includes the energy- conserving
phosphorylation steps
201) RNA typically exists as a single strand Molecules whereas DNA exists
as a double-stranded helical molecule.
202) The process of synthesis of glucose from non- carbohydrate sources is
known as Gluconeogenesis(abbreviated GNG)
204) This reannealing process is also referred to as205) Since the RNA
molecule is a single strand complementary to only one of the two
strands of a gene,
206) miRNA is a type of ncRNA
207) When the amount of ATP is high in cell, glucose is converted into
Glycogen.
208) Reactions in which system gains free energy is called Endergonic.
209) Phosphoenolpyruvate is an Enol Form.
210) A phosphoryl group (-PO3 2-) from ATP is transferred to an alcohol (
forming a phosphate ester)
