LITERATURE BACKGROUND
Marine ecosystems encompass a wide variety of invertebrates,
including pelagic and benthonic ones, from intertidal to deep-sea habitats in
polar and tropical regions. In addition to their high environmental importance,
some marine invertebrates also have great economic value. However, despite
all of the research that has been conducted so far, much still remains to be
learned about these animals. This Special Issue collects articles providing new
and relevant information about some marine invertebrates, namely,
echinoderms, crustaceans, placozoans, molluscs and annelids. In these
articles, a variety of research methods were applied in order to progress our
understanding of these marine animals, including light and electron
microscopy, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, flow cytometry, and
cell and tissue cultures.(2022 by the authors; CC BY-NC-ND)
Marine invertebrates occupy a key Republic Act 8550
position as intermediate It state food security as the
consumers in the pelagic as well overriding consideration in the
utilization, management,
benthonic food chains of aquatic
development, conservation and
ecosystems ( Roccheri2014) protection of fishery resources in
order to provide the food needs
Invertebrates have attracted a lot of the population( Philippine
Fisheries code of 1998).
of public and political attention
It also to mandate manage
recently, due to reports on
fishery and aquatic resources, in
significant declines in invertebrate a manner consistent with the
abundance, biomass, and concept of an integrated coastal
diversity across the last decades. area management in specific
natural fishery management
(Hines2021)
areas, appropriately supported
Mangroves are amongst the most by research, technical
productive marine ecosystems on services and guidance
Earth, providing a unique habitat provided by the State.
opportunity for many species and
key goods and services for human
beings ( Danovaro 2018)l’,
Species diversity and Population density of marine invertebrates in
mangrove area in Barangay Canigaan
Marine Invertebrates in Diversity
Barangay Canigaan Population
Sampling area in terms of
their variables the
richness, diverse index,
To conserve evenness, dominance,
water quality and
dominance.
Conservation and Strategies Abundance Marine invertebrates
invertebrate diversity, it is essential to identify the drivers of divergent biodiversity trends. There
is empirical evidence that land-use change, landscape simplification, and elevated urbanization,
including habitat loss and chemical pollution, are essential drivers of terrestrial invertebrate
diversity decline. By contrast, enhanced abundances of freshwater insects may be explained by
the recovery from past degradation related to the Clean Water Act and other legislation,
increased climatic warming, as well as elevated productivity in response to eutrophication.
However, these drivers often co-occur and have interactive effects, which is why data in hand
on single-driver effects may have limited capacity to predict future changes. Future research will
benefit from standardized invertebrate diversity monitoring across environmental contexts,
especially when monitoring is paired with targeted experiments on interacting global change
drivers. Moreover, to appreciate the ecosystem consequences of changes in invertebrate
communities, much more research is needed that manipulates these communities according to
environmental and biodiversity change scenarios.(Hines2021)
Mangroves are amongst the most productive marine ecosystems on Earth, providing a
unique habitat opportunity for many species and key goods and services for human beings.
Mangrove habitats are regressing at an alarming rate, due to direct anthropogenic impacts and
global change. Here, in order to assess the effects of mangrove habitat degradation on benthic
biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, we investigated meiofaunal biodiversity (as proxy of
benthic biodiversity), benthic biomass and prokaryotic heterotrophic production (as proxies of
ecosystem functioning) and trophic state in a disturbed and an undisturbed mangrove forests.
We report here that disturbed mangrove area showed a loss of 20% of benthic biodiversity, with
the local extinction of four Phyla (Cladocera, Kynorincha, Priapulida, Tanaidacea), a loss of 80%
of microbial-mediated decomposition rates, of the benthic biomass and of the trophic resources.
The results of this study strengthen the need to preserve mangrove forests and to restore those
degraded to guarantee the provision of goods and services needed to support the biodiversity
and functioning of wide portions of tropical ecosystems.(Carugati2018)
The two dominant classes of mollusks present in a mangrove forest are Bi-valves and
gastropods. These organisms are living in the mangrove forest at surface substrate, in
substrate, and sticking on roots, stems, and mangrove leaves. These take shelter on
mangrove roots during high tide and feed on leaf litters making them an important link in the
transfer of organic matter from mangroves to the third trophic level such as fish and birds.
(Canada 2020)
