Communication for Academic Purposes

Academic Reference Skills

Genres
-Reference skills encompass a variety of sub-skills
- Are categories of texts which follow specific (1) rules
related to different types of reference materials.
which simply mean the things that can and cannot be
-Sub-divisions include language reference skills (efficient
done and (2) convention which refers to the traditional
use of dictionaries, books) and academic reference skills
or expected ways of doing things.
(library use, citing sources).
Academic Genres
-"Research skills" may be used interchangeably with
- Are those genres of written and oral communication
"academic reference skills. "
privileged in places of higher learning, like genres are
-Efficient use of dictionaries and libraries.
those genresof written and oral professional and
comprehensive universities. Examples of Reliable Source
Genres of Academic Writing Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/)
Education Resources Information Center
Abstract
(https://eric.ed.gov/ )
-Concise summary of a research article, thesis,oranalysis
Taylor & Francis (https://taylorandfrancis.com/)
-Helps the readers understand the purpose of the paper
Academia (https://www.academia.edu/)
-Appears at the beginning of a manuscript
EBSCO (https://www.ebsco.com/)
-In science, an abstract can stand alone, providing key
DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals)
insights without requiring the full paper.
ResearchGate (https://www.researchgate.net/)
Book Review
Audience, Tone, and Content
-Evaluates recently written works, offering a brief
-Audience, tone, and content must align for effective
description of key points and assessing strengths and
communication. The audience shapes the tone, while
weaknesses.
the tone influences how the content is delivered. When
-They are often solicited and range from 500 to 750
balanced, they ensure clarity, engagement, and impact
words but can vary in length and depth depending on
-One paragraph focuses on only one main idea and
the journal.
presents coherent sentences to support that one point.
Laboratory Report Thinking about Academic Purpose
Laboratory reports, or "lab reports, " outline the results In academic settings, the reasons for writing fulfill four
of experimental research projects and emphasize main purposes:
professional conduct and source acknowledgment. Summarize — presenting the key points.
Analyze — breaking down ideas.
Research Article Synthesize — combine information from different
-A research article represents the final culmination of an sources.
involved process involving research, critical thinking, Evaluate — assess the quality or credibility.
and source evaluation.
-It evolves and changes as the student explores, Thinking About the Audience
interprets, and evaluates sources related to the topic. -Audiences can be categorized as known, multiple, or
unknown. Known audiences include people you are
Conference Presentation familiar with or those whose needs you understand,
-Conferences serve as significant platforms for even if you don't know them personally. When writing
presenting cutting-edge research, especially in science for these audiences, you are aware of their expectations
and engineering. and needs, which helps you communicate more
-Researchers present papers and receive audience effectively.
feedback at conferences. Writing a Synthesis
-Papers presented at conferences are typically -A synthesis combines ideas from multiple sources to
published in a volume known as conference create a new, unique point. It blends information from
proceedings. individual pieces of writing without repeating them,
forming a fresh thesis or concept.
Writing an Evaluation Paragraph 6. Conclusion
-Evaluation judges the value of something and 7. Acknowledgement
determines its worth. 8. References
-Often influenced by opinion and prior knowledge.
TITLE AND ABSTRACT
Example: Employee performance evaluations at work.
-Researchers often read the title and abstract first to
Purpose: To assess performance using set standards
decide if they want to read the whole paper. It's best to
and personal judgment.
write them last, after finishing the paper.
What is an Analysis Paper? INTRODUCTION
An analysis paper requires you to: -The introduction gives background information about
- Formulate a thesis, gather sources, and evaluate them your topic and explains why it is important.
- Support original ideas and document everything MATERIALS AND METHODS
- Use techniques like brainstorming, clustering, and free -This section outlines the steps of your study so others
writing can replicate it.
- It examines and interprets things such as books, plays, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
events, or works of art. -This section presents your research findings.
CONCLUSION
Key Features of Textual Analysis
-The conclusion of a research paper explains the results
1. A summary of the text
and whether the hypotheses were accepted or rejected.
- Provide background information about the text
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND REFERENCE
2. Attention to the context
-Always be sure to recognize the contributions of others
- Consider the conversations, debates, or controversies
to your research, whether they are assistants, funding
surrounding the text
agencies, or colleagues who helped you talk through
3. A clear interpretation or judgment
different aspects of your work. For references – this is
- Lead readers through analysis with a thesis statement
where the reference management system we talked
4. Reasonable support for conclusions
about previously comes in, as it should make it
- Use textual evidence and external sources
relatively easy to create the reference list.
Academic writing
MEDIA/DESIGN
-Academic writing refers to a style of expression that
-This section offers guidelines on how to design print
researchers use to define the intellectual boundaries of
texts, spoken texts, and electronic texts.
their disciplines and their specific areas of expertise.
THE PRINT TEXT
Citation -For any printed material to be visually attractive,
-A citation is a reference to a published or unpublished photos, tables, charts, and other visuals should be
source that you consulted and obtained information provided.
from while writing your research paper CONSIDERING THE RHETORICAL SITUATION
example of rhetorical situation
Citation style 1. Purpose
1. APA (American Psychological Association) 2. Audience
2. MLA (Modern Language Association) 3. Genre
3. Chicago 4. Stance
4. Turabian GUIDELINES IN CHOOSING ELEMENTS OF DESIGN.
-------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Type - You can choose from among many typefaces,
RESEARCH PAPER STRUCTURE and the one you choose will affect your text.
A typical research paper is divided into eight sections: 2. Layout is the way a text is arranged on a page.
1. Title 3. Paragraphs - Dividing a text into paragraphs focuses
2. Abstract information for readers and helps them process the
3. Introduction information by dividing it into manageable chunks.
4. Materials and Methods 4. Lists - Put information into a list form that you want
5. Results and Discussion to set off and make easily accessible.
5. Headings - Headings make the structure of a text
easier to follow and help readers find specific
information.
VISUALS
-Visuals add color and aesthetics to what you present,
but you need to be cautious in using photos, graphs,
charts, tables, and diagrams effectively.
SPOKEN TEXT
-It refers to language produced orally, in its
spontaneous form, as opposed to written language.
DELEVERING A SPOKEN TEXT
-The key to a successful presentation of a spoken text is
very much dependent on delivery. That is why it is
important to follow the following guidelines from
Bullock and Goggin (2013).