Gap Filling Kivi †¶‡Î †Zvgv‡`i K‡qKwU wel‡q bRi w`‡Z n‡e| Sentence My‡jv evievi c‡o A‡_©i

mv‡_ wgj
†i‡L GKwU kã emv‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov kãwU‡K emv‡bvi mgq Parts of Speech j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e| m‡e©vcwi Tense,

Subject Verb Agreement, Voice m¤•‡K© fvj aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e| hv‡nvK GB As‡k mdjZvi Rb¨ wKQy Tips
†`qv n‡jv|
wb‡Pi Tips Gi g‡a¨ wKQy Grammatical Terms Av‡Q| †mMy‡jv Av‡M †R‡b bvI|

Doer/ Agent: Verb Gi KvR †h Noun ev Pronoun m¤•v`b K‡i Zv‡K doer ev agent e‡j|
Active : ev‡K¨i Subject hw` Doer nq ZLb Verb wU Active Voice G n‡e|
Passive : ev‡K¨i subject hw` doer bv nq ZLb verb wU passive Voice-G n‡e|
Modal : †h Helping verb g–j verb Gi mood cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K Modal Auxiliary e‡j| h_v: Can,
could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must BZ¨vw`| G m¤•‡K© we¯@vwiZ Rvb‡Z eBwUi Modal Verb
Lesson wU †`L|
Determiner : †h kãmg–n †Kv‡bv noun Gi msL¨v ev cwigvY ev wbw`©óZv cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡`i‡K determiner e‡j|
h_v : a, an, the, no, any, some, many, few, much, his, her, your, their, my, our BZ¨vw`|
Infinitive : To + verb Gi g–j form †K infinitive e‡j| KL‡bv KL‡bv To Dn¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i|
Gerund : Ing hy³ verb hw` noun wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i ZLb Zv‡K Gerund e‡j| g‡b ivL‡e verb Gi g–j form
Gi mv‡_ ing †hvM Kiv nq|
Linking verb : †h verb Gi ci subject †K eY©bvKvix noun/ adjective _v‡K Zv‡K Linking verb e‡j| †hgb :
be, look, seem, taste BZ¨vw`|
1. (i) am/ is/ are/ was/ were Gi ci hw` Gap _v‡K Ges Subject wU hw` Doer nq, Z‡e ing hy³
GKwU Verb em‡e :

Example:
We are (destroy) — forests. Ans : destroying
I am (do) — the work. Ans : doing
He was (kick) — the ball. Ans : kicking
(ii) am/ is/ are/ was/ were Gi ci hw` Gap _v‡K Ges Subject wU hw` Doer bv nq, Z‡e GKwU Past Participle
Verb em‡e :

Example: Injured students were (keep) — untreated. Ans : kept

2.(i) To ev Modal Auxiliary Gi ci hw` Gap _v‡K Ges Subject wU hw` Doer nq, Z‡e GKwU Base Form
Gi Verb em‡e :

Example:
He can (speak) — three languages. Ans : speak

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We must (find) — a job. Ans : find
You ought to (stop) — smoking. Ans : stop
It may (rain) — today. Ans : rain
(ii) To ev Modal Auxiliary Gi ci hw` Gap _v‡K Ges Subject wU hw` Doer bv nq, Z‡e be + verb-Gi Past
Participle Form em‡e :

Example:
Forests should not (destroy) —. Ans : be destroyed
Early marriage should (ban) —. Ans : be banned
A house is going to (build) —. Ans : be built.
They must not (tell) —. Ans : be told

3.(i) g–j Verb _vKvi ciI Noun/Pronoun Gi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv Gap _vK‡j Ges H Noun/ Pronoun wU hw` Doer
nq, Z‡e ing hy³ GKwU Verb em‡Z cv‡i:

Example:
People (live) — in town face many problems. Ans : living
People (eat) — nutritious food can maintain a sound health. Ans : eating
People (drink) unsafe water always suffer from various diseases. Ans : drinking
Children (live) in footpaths are often maltreated. Ans : living
Women (work) in garments face a lot of problems. Ans : working
(ii) g–j Verb _vKvi ciI Noun/ Pronoun Gi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv Gap _vK‡j Ges H Noun/ Pronoun wU hw` Doer bv
nq, Z‡e GKwU Past Participle Verb em‡Z cv‡i:

Example:
(Break) — families are increasing day by day. Ans : Broken
g‡b ivL‡e D‡Ïk¨ eySv‡j to †hv‡M verb wjL‡Z n‡e|
He bought some land (cultivate) — vegetables. Ans. to cultivate
(Spoil) — ballot papers must be identified.
Ans : Spoilt
(Propose) — law has been under discussion.
Ans : Proposed
(iii) `ywU evK¨vs‡ki g‡a¨ Subject wenxb As‡ki ïi“‡Z Gap _vK‡j Ges hw` g–j As‡ki Subject H Verb Gi Doer
nq, Z‡e ing hy³ GKwU Verb em‡e :

Example:
(Go) to market, I bought a shirt. Ans : Going
(Walk) along the street, I met a friend.
Ans : Walking
(Turn) to the left, you will find the place you want. Ans : Turning
(iv) `ywU evK¨vs‡ki g‡a¨ Subject wenxb As‡ki ïi“‡Z Gap _vK‡j Ges hw` g–j As‡ki Subject H Verb Gi Doer
bv nq, Z‡e Past Participle Verb em‡e :

Example:
(Beat) by teacher, the boy complained to the headmaster. Ans: Beaten
(Drive) by hunger, he stole a piece of bread. Ansa: Driven
(Inspire) by his parents, he did it successfully. Ans : Inspired

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4. be + adj/noun Gi ci Gap _vK‡j to + verb-Gi base form em‡e|
I am happy (receive)—your letter. Ans: to receive

5. Preposition Gi ci hw` Gap Ges Gici Object _v‡K Z‡e ing hy³ GKwU Verb em‡e :
Without (learn)—English, we cannot go abroad.
↓ ↓
Preposition object Ans: learning
6. Preposition/ Determiner Gi ci ev Subject ev Object Gi N‡i hw` Gap _v‡K Ges hw` Ab¨ †Kv‡bv kã
bv _v‡K Z‡e GKwU Noun em‡e :
Television is a common source of (amuse) — Ans: amusement
(pollute) — is increasing day by day.
Ans: Pollution
g‡b ivL‡e H kãwU hw` Verb nq Ges Zv‡K Noun Kiv bv †M‡j Infinitive ev Gerund Ki‡Z n‡e|
(Walk) − is a good exercise.
Ans : Walking/ to Walk.
7. Get/ Remain Gi ci hw` Gap _v‡K Z‡e Past Participle verb em‡e|
8. Gap Gi Dfq cv‡k Determiner ev Preposition _vK‡j GKwU Noun em‡e:
The (destroy) — of forests should be controlled. Ans: destruction.
9. Adjective Gi ci Gap _vK‡j GKwU Noun em‡e:
It causes ecological (imbalance) —.
Ans: imbalance
10. (i) So/ Too/ Adverb Gi ci Gap _vK‡j GKwU Adjective em‡e :
I am too (weakness) — to walk. Ans. weak
(ii) Than Gi c–‡e© Gap _vK‡j Comparative adjective em‡e|
Rahim is (good) — than Karim. Ans: better
11. Linking Verb Gi ci Gap _vK‡j Adjective em‡e|
We become (addiction) — to television.
Ans : addicted
12. Determiner I Noun Gi gv‡S Gap _vK‡j GKwU Adjective em‡e :
Many — people gathered at Shahbagh.
Ans : young
13. Auxiliary Verb I g–j Verb Gi gv‡S Gap _vK‡j GKwU Adverb em‡e :
The number of blue whales has (drastic) — reduced. Ans : drastically
14. GKwU evK¨vs‡ki Sentence Gi ïi“‡Z Gap _vK‡j GKwU Adverb em‡e :
(General) — , children are influenced by mother. Ans : Generally
15. Intransitive Verb Gi ci Gap _vK‡j GKwU Adverb em‡e :
British eating habits have changed (significant) — . Ans : significantly
16. Transitive Verb + Object Gi ci †Kv‡bv Gap _vK‡j GKwU Adverb em‡e :
We learn our mother tongue (natural) — .
Ans: naturally
g‡b ivL‡e passive voice Gi †¶‡Î g–j verb Gici adverb e‡m|
17. `ywU evK¨vs‡ki Sentence Gi ïi“‡Z ev gv‡S Gap _vK‡j GKwU Conjunction em‡e|
— he is poor, he is honest. Ans : Though
I could not come — I was ill. Ans : because
18. †Kv‡bv Phrase Gi Adjective Gi c–‡e© Gap _vK‡j Adverb em‡e|
I am (high) — proud of your success. Ans: highly
19. evK¨wU‡Z †Kv‡bv Verb bv _vK‡j Gap G GKwU Verb em‡e Ges Tense Abymv‡i cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e|
g‡b ivL‡e, Subject wU doer n‡j ïay Tense MZ cwieZ©b n‡e| Z‡e Subject wU doer bv n‡j Tense Abyhvqx AwZwi³

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GKwU be verb + g–j Verb Gi Past Participle n‡e|
Tense m¤•‡K© aviYv AR©‡bi Rb¨ GB eB‡qi Tense Chapter wU †`L|
20. And w`‡q mgRvZxq Parts of Speech hy³ Kiv nq|
Rahim is honest and — . Ans. Sincere

..........................................................
Fill in the gaps with appropriate words.
1.
unconscious existence responsibility
climate planning doing
It is the (a) — of human beings to prevent the environment from pollution. But many (b) — people
spoil the environment by (c) — unwise things and as a result, endanger their own lives. It is the
ecological imbalance that causes changes in the world's (d) — and brings about different kinds
of natural disasters. But environment should be kept clean for healthy living. Otherwise our (e)
— will be at stake (wecbœ).

2.
communicate require proficiency
deficiency important international
English is an (a) — language. Its importance cannot be easily understood. There are some jobs
like that of pilot, a telephone operator and so on which (b) — men who know English. A foreign
office cannot function without expert persons in English. To (c) — with people of the English
speaking world, knowledge of English is a must. Besides, learning English at the secondary stage
is very (d) — for higher studies. (e) — in this language can help us go a long way.

3.
cheap bring madly
country communication greatly
E-mail (a) — about a revolution in modern communication. Messages can be transmitted from one
(b) — to another within seconds. It is far (c) — than telephone calls. Trade and commerce has
become (d) — dependent on this speedy mode of (e) —.

✍ Production.......................................................................
Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You may need to change the forms of some of
the words. You may need to use one word more than once.
1.
to a for in work prepare the by
It is useful (a) — students to take part (b) — social service. (c) — taking part (d) — social service,
they can benefit themselves as well as (e) — nation. Student life is (f) — period of (g) — for future
life. If the students do some social (h) —, they will be better prepared for giving service (i) — the
nation on completion of their education. As the students have no family burden and as they get
enough time during the large vacation, they can do (j) — great deal of work for the people.
2.
in for of life a
the when reap sow

4
Youth is (a) — best time of (b) —. This is the time (c) — it is most important (d) — one to
remember the maxim. "As you (e) —, so shall you reap." One must sow (f) — seeds of industry,
truthfulness, honesty and other virtues (g) — this season to (h) — the harvest of prosperity and
happiness. Whatever takes root in (i) — man at this time lasts throughout the rest (j) — his life and
mounds his future.
3.
Develop to fear conscious
both punish for be
Nowadays parents are very (a) — of the harmful effects of (b) — on children. Child psychologists
think that (c) — physical and mental punishment can be disastrous (d) — a child's growth and (e)
—. It may lead to (f) — and hatred of the person who (g) — the child. Again, if a child (h) —
punished, he may lack initiative. He may also feel hostile (i) — others. So, rude behaviour may
gradually (j) — in him.
4.
of fear with a in get the
A good man is (a) — man of character. His polite behavior is (b) — great asset because he can win
the heart (c) — other people around him, no matter whether he is rich or poor. He also (d) — the
admiration (e) — all he deals with. He behaves well (f) — even those who are rude towards him
because he hates to behave rudely. One, who pretends to be polite cannot be polite (g) — all
circumstances. But (h) — man who is really polite does not (i) — anybody be (j) — provocation.

5.
up an and useful from a in to
There is a close relationship between man (a) — nature. Man has established (b) — friendship with
nature. It helps us (c) — many ways. Similarly trees are closely related (d) — our life. Trees play
(e) — important role in our life (f) — economy. Trees are very (g) — to us. We get oxygen (h) —
them. They are (i) — great source of food and vitamin. They meet (j) — our local demands.
6.
in dark the from an
learning often our that worthy
A teacher is (a) — compared with (b) — architect. He is called (c) — architect of a nation. He is
the light of (d) — and makes the illiterate people (e) — citizens of our country. But it is a matter
of regret (f) — the teachers are not held (g) — due respect in (h) — society. They lead a humble
life in the midst of want. Still they keep the light of education burning in order to remove the (i)
— of illiteracy and superstitions (j) — the society.
7.
a the precious for great
have wise which off by
Time is a very (a) — thing. Time (b) — is lost once is lost forever. There is (c) — proverb, "Time
and tide wait for none." It is time which does not (d) — the relative feelings. It does not wait (e)
— anyone if it is not used (f) —. It is really essential to realise (g) — importance of time in our
life. Those who have become (h) — would make proper use of time. They never put (i) — their
work for tomorrow. That's why, they have contributed (j) — lot to the society.

8.
give a symbol to be last

in but the cultivate by

5
A flower is (a) — best gift of nature. It is a (b) — of purity and beauty. It (c) — us pleasure. There
is nobody (d) — loves a flower. But it is (e) — matter of sorrow that a flower does not (f) — long.
It blooms (g) — the morning and fades away very soon. Nowadays flowers (h) — cultivated in our
country. Many people earn their livelihood (i) — flower (j) —.
9.
at against on for in
possess destroy the about
Atom bomb was first exploded (a) ⎯ Hiroshima and Nagasaki (b) ⎯ the world war II. When the
first bomb was dropped, the world knew (c) ⎯ the first time that man had (d) ⎯ long last been in (e)
⎯ of a force destructive (f) ⎯ all respects. The atom bomb exploded. But alas! (g) ⎯ superhuman
energy had been used (h) ⎯ mankind. One single bomb destroyed the big town Hiroshima and
another bomb Nagasaki. A great (i) ⎯ happened (j) ⎯ that time in Japan owing to explosion of atom
bombs.
10.
the dress an in towards at to
Einstein was very simple (a) ⎯ his attitude (b) ⎯ life. He was indifferent (c) ⎯ his name and fame.
Once (d) ⎯ queen of Belgium invited him (e) ⎯ Brussels. When he got down from (f) ⎯ train, he
could not think that there were actually so many gorgeously (g) ⎯ officials to receive him (h) ⎯ the
station. (i) ⎯ officials also expected somebody who would appear to be rich and aristocratic to
them. They never thought that such (j) ⎯ ordinarily dressed man would be Einstein.
11.
lower able farmland midway about
severe rise catastrophe have thereby
Climatologists predict that by (a) — through the next century temperature may (b) — risen as
much as 4°C. This could (c) — reduce mankind's (d) — to grow food, destroy or (e) — damage of
wildlife and wilderness, raise sea levels and (f) — flood coastal areas and (g) —. The alarming
news (h) — Bangladesh is that as a result of the (i) — of sea level, the (j) — southern part of the
country may one day go under water.
12.
a by throughout please
need to know in
Books are men's best companions (a) ⎯ life. You have very good friends, but you cannot get them
when you (b) ⎯. They may not speak gently
(c) ⎯ you. One or two may prove false and do much harm. But books are always ready to be (d) ⎯
your side. Some books may make you laugh, some others may give you much (e) ⎯, others again
give you (f) ⎯ and new ideas. They are your friends (g) ⎯ your life. So, you should never neglect
your such (h) ⎯ friend who is always ready (i) ⎯ your side. You should also give proper respect (j)
⎯ books.
13.
known inspired see inconceivable curiosity
the out an of with
Man has (a) — unquenchable thirst for knowledge. In fact, he is never satisfied (b) — what he has
(c) — and seen. He wants to know and (d) — more and more. This (e) — to know more, coupled
with his bold spirit (f) — adventure, has (g) — him to undertake and carry (h) — difficult and
dangerous tasks. In (i) — fields of science and technology man has already achieved what was
once (j) —.

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14.
and fertile easily whereas resources natural
the tools of about wealth
Nature has given her (a) ⎯ to us more generously than many other countries (b) — the world. Think
(c) — our land. It is soft and (d) ⎯. Our farmers who have simple made (e) ⎯ can easily dig, plough
and prepare (f) — soil with them. (g) ⎯ lands of most other countries which are hard and rocky
cannot be (h) — dug, ploughed and prepared. We have a great (i) ⎯ advantages too. We can use
most of our lands for the purpose of our agriculture (j) — industry.

15.
depend a work both products
up overcome prices most have
Ours is an agricultural country. Hence (a) ⎯ of the citizens of our country, directly or indirectly
depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Many important industries of our country also (b) ⎯ on
agricultural products. Agriculture plays (c) — vital role in our national economy. It supplies food
stuff for (d) — human and animal consumption. So people (e) ⎯ suffer a lot if there is any decline
in agricultural products. The sufferings of the farmers and (f) — class of people know no bounds.
The failure of crops causes a great economic depression in the country and (g) ⎯ of daily
necessaries may go unnaturally (h) —. The floods and the subsequent damages of agricultural (i)
— are burning examples of it. We are lucky that our government has successfully (j) ⎯ the
problems.