ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTEFICATE EXAMINATIONS (ESSLCE)

ENTRANCE TRICKS FIRST ROUND GEOGRAPHY MODEL EXAMINATION

MIYAZYA 2017 (APRIL 2025)

ENTRANCE TRICKS FIRST ROUND UNIVERSITY ENTRANCE (UEE) MODEL EXAMINATION

GEOGRAPHYMIYAZYA 2017/ APRIL 2025

BOOKLET CODE: 07 SUBJECT CODE: 07

Time Allowed: 02:00 HOURS
GENERAL DIRECTIONS
THIS BOOKLET CONTAINS GEOGRAPHY EXAMINATION. THE CODE FOR THIS EXAMINATION IS 04
AND THE CODE FOR THIS PARTICULAR BOOKLET IS 07.

IN THIS EXAMINATION, THERE ARE A TOTAL OF 100 QUESTIONS .EACH SECTION CONTAINS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS CONSISTING IF FOUR POSSIBLE ANSWERS. CAREFULLY SELECT
THE BEST ANSWER. YOU ARE ALLOWED TO WORK ON THE EXAM FOR 02:00 HOURS.BEFORE
TIME IS CALLED; YOU MUST SUBMIT YOUR RESPONSES.

PLEASE MAKE SURE THAT YOU HAVE WRITTEN ALL THE REQUIRED INFORMATION ON THE NEXT
SHEET BEFORE YOU START TO WORK ON THE EXAMINATION.

DO NOT FORGET SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS BEFORE THE GIVEN TIME IS FINISHED
BOOKLET CODE: 04 SUBJECT CODE: 04

ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTEFICATE EXAMINATIONS (ESSLCE)

ENTRANCE TRICKS FIRST ROUND GEOGRAPHY MODEL EXAMINATION
MIYAZYA 2017 (APRIL 2025)
BOOKLET CODE: 07 SUBJECT CODE: 07
Number of Items: 100 Time Allowed: 2 hours

DIRECTIONS:
Each of the following questions is followed by four possible alternatives. Read each question
and carefully blacken the letter of your best choice on the separate answer sheet provided.
You may refer to the information given below when you work on some of the questions.
Constants you may need:

1. Which one of the following statements is NOT CORRECT about the concept of geography?
A. Geography is a spatial science.
B. Geography study both physical and human things and phenomena.
C. Geography is a science of argument and reason of cause and effect.
D. Geography emphasize on mere names of places.
2. Which of the following geospheres of the earth represents the solid part of the planet?
A. Lithosphere
C. Hydrosphere
B. Troposphere
D. Biosphere
3. Which approaches of geography is used to study the spatial variations of one element on the
earth’s surface?
A. Regional Approach
B. Top-Down Approach
C. Systematic Approach
D. Down-Top Approach
4. The basis of the philosophy of environmental determinism is
A. Human beings are the master of nature and controlled the environment.
B. The natural environment is an influencing factor on humans’ mode of living.
C. Two-way relationships exist between humans and the environment.
D. People can influence the environment to enhance their way of life.

5.Which one of the following is TRUE about transport networks?

A. Different vehicles have different hill climbing capacities.
B. Roads are affected by relief much more than Railways.
C. Roads require much smaller gradients than Railways.
D. The maximum gradient for railways is 25 %.
6. Which one of the following is a satellite-based navigation system used to capture latitude,
longitude and altitude?
A. Global positioning system
C. Computer physical system

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B. Geographical Information System

D. Computer conceptual system
7. Identify the correct chronological order
A. Pangea → Gondwanaland → Madagascar → Africa
B. Gondwanaland → Pangea → Africa → Madagascar
C. Africa → Pangea → Gondwanaland → Madagascar
D. Pangea → Gondwanaland → Africa → Madagascar
8. Which of the following Era is responsible for the formation of the present surface
configuration of the African continent?
A. Precambrian Era
C. Mesozoic Era
B. Paleozoic Era
D. Cenozoic Era
9. The Great East African Rift Valley was formed as a result of:
A. Faulting processes
C. Volcanic eruption
B. Folding processes
D. Peneplanation
10. Which one of the following controls of climate affects the amount of incoming solar
radiation a place receives?
A. Altitudinal location
B. Latitudinal location
C. Ocean currents
D. Atmospheric Pressure
11. The Atlas and Cape Ranges have the lowest temperature in the continent as a result of
A. Their short distance from the sea
C. Dense vegetation covers
B. Their high altitudinal and latitudinal location
D. High annual mean rainfall
12. Which one of the following statements is NOT CORRECT about the distribution of
temperature in Africa?
A. The Sahara Desert has the highest temperature.
B. In December areas of high temperature are in Northern Africa.
C. In July high sun angle is north of the equator.
D. The Kalahari Desert has relatively cooler temperatures.
13. The Ethiopian highlands gets its maximum rainfall from the moist winds of
A. The southeast trade winds
C. Equatorial westerly
B. Polar easterlies
D. The northeast trade winds
14. Which part of Africa has equatorial type of climate?
A. Northern
B. Eastern
C. Southern

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D. Central
15. Which of the following statements is characteristics of desert and semi-desert climate?
A. A well-defined rainy season of three to eight months
B. Unreliable and insufficient precipitation
C. Low fluctuations in temperature within a day
D. Annual rainfall ranging between 500 and 1,500 mm
16.Which of the following natural vegetation zones have high species diversity and thick growth?
A. Tropical grassland
C. Afro-montane vegetation
B. Tropical rainforests
D. Desert and semi-desert vegetation
17. Which of the following is NOT plants mechanism of adaptation to withstand desert climate?
A. They have long roots
C. They have broad-leave
B. They have waxy leaves
D. They store water in their spongy leaves
18. Which one of the following is species of aquatic animals?
A. Jerboa
C. Crocodiles
B. Wild Ass
D. Rhinoceros
19. A method of soil conservation that involves leaving the farm idle for a while until the soil
regains its fertility is:
A. Contour plowing
C. Strip cultivation
B. Fallowing
D. Mulching

20. What is the implication of Low median age?

A. Low rate of fertility

C. The population is adult
B. High population growth rate
D. Low dependency ratio

21. ------------ refers to the movement of people who worked and lived in cities for a short
period of time come back to their old place.
A. Permanent migration
C. Temporary migration
B. Return migration
D. International migration
22. What is the disadvantage of migration to the losing countries?
A. Racial tension
C. Pressure on jobs

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B. Division in families
D. Language difficulties

23. Which one of the following is NOT CORRECT about the characteristics of research?

A. Research activities focuses on the solution of problems.

B. Research is employed to test hypothesis.
C. Research outcomes add to the existing knowledge.
D. Research is the dissemination of existing knowledge

24. Which one is NOT a mechanism of selecting samples in simple random sampling?

A. Lottery Method
C. coin flipping method
B. Quota method
D. random number method
25. Which one of the following is NOT the characteristics of action research?
A. The findings are applied immediately
C. It is specific in nature
B. It is fixed and adaptable
D. It provides immediate feedback
26. All are sources of action research EXCEPT
A. Professional experience
C. Discussion with people
B. Professional literature
D. Influence from fictions
27. ----is an educated guess that shows the direction where the solution to the problem lies.
A. Literature
C. Theory
B. Hypothesis
D. Methodology
28. Which one of the following is WRONG about acceptable hypothesis?
A. A hypothesis must have explanatory power
B. A hypothesis must be capable of being measured and testable
C. A hypothesis must be stated as simply and concisely as possible
D. A hypothesis must state the expected difference between variables
29.In which of the following probability sampling technique each unit of the population has an
equal chance of being selected?
A. Simple random sampling
C. Stratified random sampling
B. Systematic random sampling
D. Cluster sampling
30. Which of the following non-probability sampling technique involves choosing the nearest
individuals as a sample until the required sample size has been obtained?

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A. Purposive sampling
C. Convenience sampling
B. Quota sampling
D. Snow ball sampling
31. Which one of the following is advantages of observation data collection instrument?
A. The data may reflect observer’s bias
C. It is time consuming
B. Interaction between the observer and a subject
D. It is costly to collect data
32. Topographic maps that portray different features at the same time are called
A. References maps
C. special-purpose maps
B. Thematic maps
D. Charts
33. ---- are qualitative maps that use pictures and letters to show the spatial distribution of
geographic element.
A. Chorochromatic maps
C. Choroschematic maps
B. Choropleth maps
D. Isopleth maps
34. Maps that show equal rainfall distribution are known as
A. Isohyet
C. Isotherm
B. Isoneph
D. Isobar
35. Which one of the following is NOT properties of a globe?
A. All meridians converge at the poles
B. All meridians and parallels on a globe intersect at right angles
C. All parallels are parallel to the equator and to each other
D. Parallels increase in length as they approach the poles
36. A technique that cartographers use to transfer information from a globe to a flat surface in
order to create a map is called
A. Interpolation
C. Projection
B. Isopletion
D. Estimation
37. Parallels make arcs of concentric circles in case of
A. Zenithal Projection
C. Conic Projection
B. Azimuthal projection
D. Cylindrical Projection
38. Which of the following maps are useful for finding one’s way around a new place?
A. Route sketch maps
C. Landscape Sketch maps

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B. Location Sketch maps

D. field sketch maps
39. Which of the following maps are used to show the distribution of average values?
A. Isoplethic maps
C. Choroplethic maps
B. Flow maps
D. Chorochromatic maps
40. On the given map, closer contour lines show
A. Flat land surface
C. Steeper slope
B. Lower elevation
D. Gentle slope
41. If the contour interval on a topo map is 10 meters, and one contour line is labeled 50
meters the adjacent contour line would represent
A. 150 meter in elevation
C. 60 meter in elevation
B. 10 meter in elevation
D. 20 meter in elevation
42. How are streams indicated on a topographic map?
A. By contour lines that form U – shape which point upstream
B. By contour lines that form V – shape which point upstream
C. By contour lines that form U – shape which point downstream
D. By contour lines that form V – shape which point downstream
43. A scale 1:1000 on a top map indicates that
A. The map represents the entire earth
B. 1000 unit on the map equals 1 unit in the real world
C. 1 unit on the map equals 1000 unit in the real world
D. 1 unit on the map is greater than 1 unit in the real world
44. The distance between contour lines on a topo map is called
A. Contour index
C. Slope
B. Contour interval
D. Gradient
45. ---- Shows how to measure the real distance between two places on a map.
A. Map scale
C. Compass rose
B. Map key
D. Grid
46. The population pyramid of Ethiopia looks like

A. triangle with a very broad base tapering to a narrow apex

B. indicates the preponderance of the old age population
C. the level of mortality is low and that very few people reach old age.
D rectangular with very wide base and narrow apex

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47. The age structure of Ethiopia’s population indicates

A has a high proportion of old age population
B. has a high proportion of young age dependent population
C has a low proportion of young age dependent population
D. has the lowest Population of child population

48. The population pyramid of developed countries reflects -

A .Low fertility and low mortality

B. Balanced proportion of people in various ages
C Shows high proportion of young people
D Shows high rate of fertility and mortality
E A and B

49. Knowing the age and sex structure of a given population helps:

A. To design polices and strategies according to the actual characteristics of the population.
B. To plan for the future to make certain arrangements in the age and sex structure of the
population
C. To take appropriate actions and decisions to meet the actual demands of the population.
D All of the above

50. The three most sparsely populated regions of Ethiopia are

A Somali, Afar and Gambella

B. Harari, Afar and Beneshangul Gumuz regions
C Tigray, Somali and Gambella regions
D Sidama, SNNP and Gambella regions

51.Why is Ethiopia’s population distributed unevenly? Because

A. natural and human related factors
B. Ethiopia is the land of both Christian and Muslims
C. Resource use pattern of the country
D. Development of infrastructure within the country
52. The very high concentration of people over the central highlands of Ethiopia is partlythe
result of
A. movements of the Semitic and Cushitic (Oromo) People
B. Physical factors
C Addis Ababa to Djibouti railway
D None of these

53. In Ethiopia, a given settlement is said to be urban when it fulfills the following criteria.
Except
A. The settlement has a minimum of 2000 people.
B. Two-thirds of the population in the settlement are engaged in non-agricultural activities

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C. The settlement has a chartered municipality.

D. The Presence primary economic activities
54. The two major historical factors beneath the development of many urban centers in
Ethiopia were
A. The movement of Cush People and Ethio-Djibouti railway
B. Interconnection of different parts of the country by all-weather roads and the five-year
Italian
occupation
C. The presence of raw materials and Industrial products
D None of these
55. permanent rural settlements of Ethiopia are associated with
A Location of Industries
B Provision of services and hotel industries
C crop farming highlands
D. Nomadic herding lowland areas of the country.
56. Why temporary rural settlements of Ethiopia are concentrated over the lowland areas?
A. The scarcity of pasture lands
B. The scarcity of fresh water
C. The pastoralist way of life of the people
D All of the above
57. The difference between fertility and mortality is known as
A. Net Natural fertility. C Rate of Natural increase
B. Natural change. D. Crude death rate
58. Which regional state of Ethiopia has the highest fertility rate?
A. Oromiya region. C Afar region
B. Amhara region. D SNNP regional state
59. All of the following are the major factors for high fertility rate in Ethiopia Except
A. Early marriage and Low status of women
B Low rates of infant and child mortality
C. Parental valuing of children in terms of high social and economic value
D. Low levels of family planning practices
60. Rapid population growth in Ethiopia has resulted in
A. Deforestation, C. A and B
B. Pollution and soil erosion. D None of these
61. Why does Ethiopia use an anti-natalist population policy?
A. major problem of population in Ethiopia is high rate of fertility and this policy addresses this
problem.
B. The economy of the country
C.The Country demands more labor force
D. The policy wants to promote the social worlfare of the people

62.Economic growth is
A. Transformation of the entire quality of life of a whole society.
B. a process involving economic as well as social, political, cultural, and environmental changes

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C. a quantitative change in the national capital regardless of political, economic, cultural and
other improvements.
D. qualitative accumulation of national capital.
63. All of the following continents are considered developed Except
A Europe. B. North America C South America D Australia
64. the dominant sector of the Ethiopian economy is
A Agriculture B service. C Industry. D. forestry
65. All of the following are major objectives of ADLI Except:
A. Improving agricultural productivity
B. Improving farmers’ access to fertilizers.
C. Assisting farmers with extensional services
D. Expanding financial institutions that help to improve the financial status of local farmers.
E. None of this
66. To which neighboring countries Ethiopia has a minor relationship
A Eritrea and Somalia
C Kenya and Sudan
B Sudan and Djibouti
D Sudan and Egypt
67. which one of the following can be a geographic factor that derive countries to establish
economic relationships
A physiographic variation
C comparative advantages
B political affiliations

D None

68. PASDEP program of Ethiopia is based on the following activitiesExcept

A. massive push to accelerated growth

B. Focusing on Ethiopia’s very different agro-ecological area
C. A renewed look at several-urban linkages and the urban agenda.
D. Unleashing the potential of Ethiopian women.

69.Which one of the following is Not a serious factor of Socio-economic development in

Ethiopia
A. General Scarcity of natural resources
B. shortage of trained manpower and lack of efficient management System
C. system of management of agricultural lands
D Insignificant decline in rate of population growth
70. One of the following is an indicator of physical causes of underdevelopment in Ethiopia?
A. Per Capita income
C. level of investment
B. Population growth
D. Drought

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71. Which one of the following is an economic factor?

A. Civil War B. Drought and famine
B. Fast population growth D. Investment capital
72. One of the following is a possible means to bring about sustainable development in Ethiopia?
A. Raising agricultural productivity
B Appropriate utilization of aid
C Raising the rate of population
D Decentralization and liberation of the political and economic systems
E. All except C
73. One of the following is an example of endemic on highland of Ethiopia?
A. Hayne B Giraffe. C .Gelada baboon. D wild Ass
74. One of the following does NOT belong to the group of key forces that explain the geologic
history of Ethiopia?
A. folding. B. faulting. C. earth quake. D mass movement
75. An Ethiopian river which is relatively less suitable for the generation of hydroelectric power
is
A. Baro. B. Ghibe: C Abay. D Tekeze
76. Which one of the following mountains of Ethiopia is different from the others in its location?
A mt. Chilalo. B. Mt. Batu. C mt. Tulu Dimtu D mt. Gughe
77. Which one of the following sectors in Ethiopia contributes the least to the GDP of Ethiopia?
A. Industry sector. C. The industry sector
B. The mining sector. D. The service sector
78. Maps have long become the essential and distinct tools of geographers mainly because
A. They are relatively easier to prepare in school situations
B They plays a unique role in reducing spatial distribution and interactions to an observable
C Geographers have accumulated wealth of experience in using them

D. The use of other media for geographic education has been growing down Over the last
decades

79. What is metadata in GIS?

a) Data about data

b) Spatial analysis outputs
c) Map layers
d) Raster data
80. Which of these is a software component of GIS?
a) Computer
b) GPS Unit
c) ArcGIS
d) Scanner
81. What is geospatial data primarily used for?
a) Analyzing historical trends only
b) Understanding spatial patterns and relationships

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c) Predicting the weather

d) Studying human psychology
82.Which is NOT an example of soil conservation in Ethiopia?
a) Terracing
b) Planting trees
c) Overgrazing
d) Crop rotation
83. What does a line graph primarily show?
a) Data distribution across categories
b) Changes in data over time
c) Relationship between two variables
d) The composition of a whole
84. Which of the following represents the correct order of geologic time divisions, from largest
to smallest?
a) Eon, Era, Period, Epoch
b) Era, Eon, Period, Epoch
c) Epoch, Period, Era, Eon
d) Period, Epoch, Eon, Era
85. The Precambrian Era comprises approximately what percentage of Earth's history?
a) 10% b) 25% c) 50% d) 88%
86.The Cenozoic Era is also known as the:
a) Age of Reptiles b) Age of Mammals c) Age of Fish d) Age of Amphibians
87. Which force drives the continental drift theory?
a) Gravitational force of the moon
b) The rotation of the earth
c) Convection currents in the earth's mantle
d) The expansion of the earth's crust
88. The Earth's core is primarily composed of:
a) Silicon and oxygen b) Aluminum and silicon c) Iron and nickel d) Magnesium and iron
89. Sheet erosion is:
a) The most visible form of erosion
b) The removal of a thin layer of topsoil
c) The formation of deep channels

d) Erosion caused by glaciers

90. Which of the following is NOT a major element of weather and climate?

a) Temperature
b) Rainfall
c) Humidity
d) Soil type

91. Convectional rainfall is most common in:

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a) Mountainous regions
b) Coastal areas
c) Equatorial regions
d) Polar regions

92 The Tropical High-Pressure Belt is located at approximately:

a) 0 degrees latitude
b) 30 degrees latitude
c) 60 degrees latitude
d) 90 degrees latitude

93. Which of the following is a type of planetary wind?

a) Sea breeze
b) Land breeze
c) Monsoon wind
d) Trade wind

94. Monsoon winds are caused by:

a) Differences in air pressure over land and sea

b) The Coriolis effect
c) Mountain ranges
d) Ocean currents

95. The rain shadow effect is most closely associated with:

a) Convectional rainfall
b) Orographic rainfall
c) Cyclonic rainfall
d) Frontal rainfall

96. The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is associated with:

a) The Polar Highs

b) The Sub-polar Low-Pressure Belt
c) The Equatorial Low-Pressure Belt
d) The Tropical High-Pressure Belt

Direction 02; From Question number 97-100 answer based on the given diagram bellow

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97. Which month has the lowest maximum temperature?

a) January
b) February
c) December
d) March
98. What is the annual temperature range (difference between highest and lowest
temperatures)?
a) 63°C
b) 72°C
c) 58°C
d) 82°C
99. Which two consecutive months have the lowest precipitation?
a) March and April
b) January and February
c) October and November
d) April and May
100. What type of climate does this data represent?
a) Tropical rainforest
b) Desert
c) Taiga
d) Mediterranean

Answer Key

1. D
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. D

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9. A
10. B
11. B
12. D
13. A
14. D
15. B
16. B
17. C
18. C
19. B
20. B
21. B
22. C
23. D
24. B
25. B
26. D
27. B
28. D
29. A
30. C
31. D
32. B
33. A
34. A
35. D
36. C
37. C
38. A

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39. A
40. C
41. C
42. B
43. C
44. B
45. A
46. A
47. B
48. E
49. D
50. A
51. A
52. B
53. D
54. B
55. C
56. C
57. C
58. C
59. B
60. C
61. A
62. C
63. C
64. A
65. D
66. D
67. A
68. D

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69. A
70. D
71. D
72. E
73. C
74. D
75. A
76. D
77. B
78. B
79. A
80. C (ArcGIS)
81. B (Understanding spatial patterns and relationships)
82. C (Overgrazing)
83. B (Changes in data over time)
84. A (Eon, Era, Period, Epoch)
85. D (88%)
86. B (Age of Mammals)
87. C (Convection currents in the earth's mantle)
88. C (Iron and nickel)
89. B (The removal of a thin layer of topsoil)
90. D (Soil type)
91. C (Equatorial regions)
92. B (30 degrees latitude)
93. D (Trade wind)
94. A (Differences in air pressure over land and sea)
95. B (Orographic rainfall)
96. C (The Equatorial Low-Pressure Belt)
97. A (January)
98. B (72°C)

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99. B (January and February)

100. C (Taiga)

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