Algebra

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 Lesson 1

1-step function machines

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Starter

Chip has 33 acorns. He hides 15.

How many acorns does he have left?

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Starter answers

Chip has 33 acorns. He hides 15.

How many acorns does he have left?

33 – 15 = 18
Chip has 18 acorns.

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1-step function machines

What is a function machine?

Input Output

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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1-step function machines

What is a function machine?

A function machine is a diagram that can represent a calculation. You input a number, the
machine applies a rule or function, such as a set of operations on that number, and then the
machine outputs the answer.

A 1-step function machine applies 1 rule or function to the number that is input into the machine.

Input Output

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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1-step function machines

The input is a number that is put into the function machine.

A rule or function is applied to that number.

What will the output be for the function machine?

Input Output

11 x3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

If you know the input and the function, how can you work out the output?

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1-step function machines
The input is a number that is put into the function machine.
A rule or function is applied to that number.

What will the output be for the function machine?

If you know the input and the function, how can you work out the output?

Input Output

11 x3 33
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

The output would be 33. The number 11 is input into the machine, the machine applies the rule or
function to times the number by 3, so the output is 33.
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1-step function machines
The output is a number that comes out the function machine.
It is the outcome of the rule or function being applied to the input.

What will the input be for the function machine?

If you know the output and the function, how can you work out the input?

Input Output

÷4 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

If I know the output, I need to…

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1-step function machines
The output is a number that comes out the function machine.
It is the outcome of the rule or function being applied to the input.

What will the input be for the function machine?

If you know the output and the function, how can you work out the input?

Input Output

÷4 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

If I know the output, I need to perform the inverse operation of the rule or function of the machine.

What is the inverse of division?

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1-step function machines
The output is a number that comes out the function machine.
It is the outcome of the rule or function being applied to the input.

What will the input be for the function machine?

If you know the output and the function, how can you work out the input?

Input Output

÷4 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

If I know the output, I need to perform the inverse operation of the rule or function of the machine.

What is the inverse of division? multiplication

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1-step function machines
The output is a number that comes out the function machine.
It is the outcome of the rule or function being applied to the input.

What will the input be for the function machine?

If you know the output and the function, how can you work out the input?

Input Output

36 ÷4 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

To find the input, we need to multiply 9 by 4.

The input would be 36. The number 36 is input into the machine, the machine applies the rule or
function to divide the number by 4, so the output is 9.
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1-step function machines

If the input is 6, the output is 42.

What could the rule be?

How could you work this out?

Sheila

6 144 42

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1-step function machines

If the input is 6, the output is 42.

What could the rule be?

How could you work this out?

Sheila

We need to think about the relationships between the numbers.

The rule could be to multiply by 7 because 6 x 7 = 42.
However, it could also be to add 36, because 6 + 36 = 42.

6 144 42
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1-step function machines

If the input is 6, the output is 42.

If the output is 84, the input is 12.
If the input is 0.5, the output is 3.5.

Can you work out the rule now?

Sheila Does your rule work for all the sets of numbers?

6 144 42
12 144 84
0.5 144 3.5
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1-step function machines

If the input is 6, the output is 42.

If the output is 84, the input is 12.
If the input is 0.5, the output is 3.5.

Can you work out the rule now?

Sheila Does your rule work for all the sets of numbers?

The rule is to multiply by 7. It works 6 x7 42

for all the sets of number.
12 x7 84
0.5 x7 3.5
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1-step function machines

Calculate the missing values for the function machines below.

2 6 28 -11 27

9 x3 -17 13 60 98

15 11 38 76

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1-step function machines answer

Calculate the missing values for the function machines below.

2 6 28 11 -11 27

9 x3 27 30 -17 13 60 +38 98

15 45 11 -6 38 76

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Problem solving

Caleb is working out the missing number for this function machine.

Input 8 5 4.6 -3.2

Output 18 15 14.6

He says the missing number is -13.2.

Do you agree with Caleb? Explain your answer.

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Problem solving answer

Caleb is working out the missing number for this function machine.

Input 8 5 4.6 -3.2

Output 18 15 14.6

He says the missing number is -13.2.

Do you agree with Caleb? Explain your answer.

Caleb is incorrect. The rule or function for this machine is to +10 which we can
see from the first 3 inputs. If you add 10 to -3.2, the answer is 6.8.

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Your turn! Try the worksheet.

1-step function 1-step function

1) Calculate the outputs for the following function machines.
1-step function
1) Calculate the missing numbers in the function machines. 1) Below are two different function machines.

machines machines machines Calculate the outputs for both machines.

9 x4 24

68 14 21 -7
5 24
72 12

Fluency Fluency 12.5 +15 92.5 Fluency 17 x15 720

24 ÷3 24
11 x6 48 600 ÷3 100

109 27.5 64 88
25 120 180 30
10 x10 24

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1-step function 1-step function

2) Complete the tables below. 1-step function
2) Find the missing function for this function machine. 2) Complete the tables below.
machines machines machines
a) To find the output add 12. a) To find the output add 17.

Input 14 65 34 Input 4 6 15 30 105

5.4 48.6
Output 23 25 Output 23 25 35 110
Fluency Fluency
Fluency 15 x6 135
b) To find the output, divide by 5. b) To find the output, subtract 16.

-0.9 -8.1
Input 25 150 500 Input 67 48 71 80 10

Output 47 27 22 Output 47 27 22 8 -3

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1-step function 1-step function

3) Match the function to the correct machine. 1-step function
3) If the output number is a whole number, which of these cards cannot be
3) input into the machine
This function machine?has 4 different outputs.

machines machines Explain why.

machines Find the missing numbers.

÷18 24

30 x3 10 1N 1N
61 ÷2 58
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1T= =
C(m/s) Am

216 237 306 360 144 318

51 5 8.5
Fluency