COC Level 5: Web Development and

Database Administration
Based on Ethiopian Occupational Standards (EOS)

Section 1: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)

1. Which of the following is a valid HTML5 semantic element?

 A. <div>
 B. <header>
 C. <span>
 D. <section>

Answer: B and D

2. Which of the following best describes 'Normalization' in databases?

 A. Data encryption process

 B. Creating backups
 C. Organizing data to reduce redundancy
 D. Adding indexes

Answer: C

3. What is the primary function of CSS in web development?

 A. Handle database queries

 B. Structure page content
 C. Style the visual layout
 D. Write server logic

Answer: C

4. Which HTTP status code means 'Not Found'?

 A. 200
 B. 301
 C. 404
 D. 500

Answer: C

5. Which MySQL command is used to view all databases?

 A. SHOW DATABASES;
 B. SELECT * FROM database;
 C. LIST DATABASES;
 D. SHOW ALL;

Answer: A

Section 2: True / False

1. CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. ✅ True

2. MySQL is a NoSQL database system. ✅ False

3. The <script> tag is used to include JavaScript in HTML. ✅ True

4. SSL certificates are used to encrypt data during transfer. ✅ True

5. PHP is executed in the client browser. ✅ False

Section 3: Short Answer Questions

1. What is the difference between client-side and server-side scripting?

✅ Client-side scripting runs in the browser (e.g., JavaScript), while server-side scripting
runs on the server (e.g., PHP, Node.js).

2. List three types of database relationships.

✅ One-to-One, One-to-Many, Many-to-Many.

3. Why is responsive design important?

✅ It ensures the website looks and functions well on all devices, including desktops,
tablets, and mobile phones.

4. What is the purpose of version control systems like Git?

✅ To manage changes to source code, collaborate with teams, and track history of
code changes.

5. Mention two common web security vulnerabilities.

✅ SQL Injection and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).

Section 4: Practical-Based Questions with Sample Answers

1. Create a PHP script to connect to a MySQL database.
<?php
$conn = new mysqli("localhost", "root", "", "student_db");
if ($conn->connect_error) {
die("Connection failed: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
echo "Connected successfully";
?>

2. Write a simple HTML form that submits user data to a PHP page.

<form action="submit.php" method="POST">

<input type="text" name="username" placeholder="Enter Username" required>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

3. Using SQL, write a query to display names of students from a table where age > 18.

SELECT name FROM students WHERE age > 18;

4. Design a basic responsive layout using CSS.

.container {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.box {
flex: 1 1 300px;
margin: 10px;
padding: 20px;
background-color: #f2f2f2;
}

5. Demonstrate how to prevent SQL Injection in PHP.

$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = ?");

$stmt->bind_param("s", $username);
$stmt->execute();

Additional Multiple Choice Questions

6. Which tag is used to create an ordered list in HTML?

 A. <ul>
 B. <ol>
 C. <li>
 D. <list>
Answer: B

7. Which property is used in CSS to change text color?

 A. text-color
 B. font-color
 C. color
 D. textStyle

Answer: C

8. Which JavaScript method is used to access an element by ID?

 A. getElementByName()
 B. getElementById()
 C. getById()
 D. querySelectorAll()

Answer: B

9. What does SQL stand for?

 A. Structured Query Language

 B. Sequential Query Language
 C. Secure Query Level
 D. Server Query Logic

Answer: A

10. Which of the following is NOT a PHP data type?

 A. String
 B. Boolean
 C. Character
 D. Array

Answer: C

11. Which SQL statement is used to insert new data into a database?

 A. UPDATE
 B. INSERT INTO
 C. ADD NEW
 D. CREATE

Answer: B

12. Which CSS property controls the size of text?

 A. font-size
 B. text-size
 C. size
 D. text-font

Answer: A

13. Which of the following is a JavaScript loop structure?

 A. for
 B. repeat
 C. while
 D. do-while

Answer: A, C, D

14. Which database command is used to remove all records from a table?

 A. DELETE
 B. REMOVE
 C. TRUNCATE
 D. DROP

Answer: C

15. Which HTTP method is used to update data on a server?

 A. GET
 B. POST
 C. PUT
 D. DELETE

Answer: C

Extended True / False Questions

6. JavaScript can be used for both frontend and backend development. ✅ True

7. In HTML, the <table> element is used to insert images. ✅ False

8. CSS Grid and Flexbox are layout models in CSS. ✅ True

9. A database index improves query performance. ✅ True

10. Cookies are stored on the server side. ✅ False

11. The POST method is idempotent in HTTP. ✅ False

12. Git is used for database management. ✅ False

13. In PHP, variables start with the $ symbol. ✅ True

14. The 'echo' statement in PHP is used to output data. ✅ True

15. HTML stands for HyperText Markdown Language. ✅ False

16. The command `git clone` is used to download a repository. ✅ True

17. You can use CSS to animate elements. ✅ True

18. The SQL `GROUP BY` clause is used for aggregation. ✅ True

19. An ERD is a tool for designing database structure. ✅ True

20. Web hosting is required to run a website on the internet. ✅ True

21. AJAX allows web pages to update asynchronously. ✅ True

22. PHP is a compiled programming language. ✅ False

23. JavaScript runs only on servers. ✅ False

24. A foreign key uniquely identifies a row in a table. ✅ False

25. SSL stands for Secure Socket Layer. ✅ True

26. Frontend code includes HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. ✅ True

27. MySQL supports stored procedures. ✅ True

28. The HTML `<iframe>` tag is used to embed another web page. ✅ True

29. CSS cannot apply styles to specific screen sizes. ✅ False

30. Database normalization increases redundancy. ✅ False

31. Bootstrap is a PHP framework. ✅ False

32. React and Angular are JavaScript frameworks. ✅ True

33. HTTPS is more secure than HTTP. ✅ True

34. Primary key values can be duplicated. ✅ False

35. ORM stands for Object-Relational Mapping. ✅ True

Extended Short Answer Questions

6. What is the purpose of the HTML `<meta>` tag?

✅ To provide metadata about the HTML document such as character set, viewport,
and SEO information.
7. Define a foreign key in database design.

✅ A foreign key is a field in one table that uniquely identifies a row in another table.

8. How does Flexbox differ from CSS Grid?

✅ Flexbox is one-dimensional (row or column), while Grid is two-dimensional (rows

and columns).

9. List two advantages of using frameworks like Laravel or CodeIgniter.

✅ Rapid development, built-in security features, MVC structure, reusable code.

10. What does MVC stand for in web development?

✅ Model-View-Controller.

11. What tool would you use to test an API?

✅ Postman or Curl.

12. How can SQL injection be prevented?

✅ By using prepared statements or parameterized queries.

13. What are media queries in CSS?

✅ They are used to apply styles depending on the device's screen size or resolution.

14. What is a session in web development?

✅ A method to store user data to be used across multiple pages.

15. Why is GitHub used in projects?

✅ For version control, collaboration, and repository hosting.

16. What is a CMS? Give one example.

✅ Content Management System. Example: WordPress.

17. Explain the purpose of a `foreign key constraint`.

✅ It ensures referential integrity between tables.

18. Give two methods of securing a web application.

✅ Input validation and using HTTPS.

19. What is server-side rendering?

✅ Rendering content on the server before sending it to the browser.

20. Describe the use of JSON in web development.

✅ JSON is used to exchange data between a server and a client in a lightweight

format.

21. What is a repository in Git?

✅ It is a storage space where your project lives, either locally or online.

22. State the difference between `==` and `===` in JavaScript.

✅ `==` compares values with type coercion, `===` compares both value and type.

23. What are environment variables?

✅ Variables used to store configuration data such as database credentials.

24. What is the use of `require()` in PHP?

✅ To include and evaluate a file.

25. What is meant by REST API?

✅ An API that follows the constraints of REST architecture and allows stateless
communication.

26. List two features of HTML5.

✅ Semantic elements, multimedia support (audio/video), offline storage.

27. What is SQL `JOIN` used for?

✅ To combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column.

28. How is data validated in HTML forms?

✅ Using the `required` attribute, `pattern`, `min`, `max`, and client-side scripts.

29. What is a CDN?

✅ Content Delivery Network: distributes static files across multiple servers worldwide.

30. Why should you hash passwords?

✅ To protect user credentials in case of a data breach.

31. What is the difference between `localStorage` and `sessionStorage`?

✅ `localStorage` persists after the browser closes; `sessionStorage` is cleared on tab

close.

32. Name one benefit of modular code design.

 ✅ Improved maintainability and reusability.

33. What does the SQL command `ALTER TABLE` do?

✅ It modifies an existing table, such as adding or dropping columns.

34. What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?

✅ HTTPS encrypts data with SSL/TLS, making it more secure.

35. What is a controller in MVC architecture?

✅ It handles input, processes it, and returns output to the view.

Practical Task Questions

16. 1. Create an HTML form that accepts a user's name, email, and message, and
submits it to a PHP script called 'submit.php'.

✅ Solution: Use <form> with method='POST' and input fields for name, email, and a
<textarea> for message.

17. 2. Write a SQL query to retrieve all users who registered in the year 2023 from a
table named 'users'.

✅ Solution: SELECT * FROM users WHERE YEAR(registration_date) = 2023;

18. 3. Design a CSS class that makes text red, bold, and center-aligned.

✅ Solution: .redText { color: red; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; }

19. 4. Write a JavaScript function that alerts 'Hello, World!' when a button is clicked.

✅ Solution: function greet() { alert('Hello, World!'); }

20. 5. Create a PHP script that connects to a MySQL database called 'school' with
username 'root' and no password.

✅ Solution: $conn = new mysqli('localhost', 'root', '', 'school');

21. 6. Write a SQL query to delete all records from the 'orders' table where order_date is
before 2022.

✅ Solution: DELETE FROM orders WHERE order_date < '2022-01-01';

22. 7. Implement a JavaScript function to validate that a form input is not empty.

✅ Solution: function validateInput(id) { return document.getElementById(id).value !== '';

}
23. 8. Write an SQL command to create a table named 'products' with columns id, name,
and price.

✅ Solution: CREATE TABLE products (id INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(100),
price DECIMAL(10,2));

24. 9. Use PHP to check if a session variable 'username' is set and print it.

✅ Solution: if (isset($_SESSION['username'])) { echo $_SESSION['username']; }

25. 10. Create an HTML5 page with a responsive layout using Flexbox.

✅ Solution: <div style='display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap;'>...</div>

26. 11. Write a PHP function that calculates the factorial of a number.

✅ Solution: function factorial($n) { return ($n <= 1) ? 1 : $n * factorial($n - 1); }

27. 12. Develop a login form using HTML and validate it using JavaScript.

✅ Solution: Use <form>, <input type='text'> and <input type='password'>, then validate
inputs with JS before submit.

28. 13. Write a SQL statement to add a new column 'email' to the 'customers' table.

✅ Solution: ALTER TABLE customers ADD email VARCHAR(255);

29. 14. Create a MySQL query to count the number of products in each category.

✅ Solution: SELECT category, COUNT(*) FROM products GROUP BY category;

30. 15. Write a JavaScript function to change the background color of an element by ID.

✅ Solution: function changeBg(id, color)

{ document.getElementById(id).style.backgroundColor = color; }

31. 16. Build a simple PHP registration form with error handling for empty inputs.

✅ Solution: Check each $_POST value and display messages if empty before inserting
to DB.

32. 17. Write a CSS rule that hides an element with class 'hidden'.

✅ Solution: .hidden { display: none; }

33. 18. Write a SQL query that joins 'orders' and 'customers' tables using customer_id.

✅ Solution: SELECT * FROM orders JOIN customers ON orders.customer_id =

customers.id;

34. 19. Create a PHP script that uploads a file to a folder named 'uploads'.
 ✅ Solution: Use move_uploaded_file($_FILES['file']['tmp_name'], 'uploads/' .
$_FILES['file']['name']);

35. 20. Write JavaScript code to display current date and time in a div.

✅ Solution: document.getElementById('time').innerHTML = new

Date().toLocaleString();