2.

Simultaneous Equations
YOGESH SIR - 9969 777 11 2

2 Simultaneous
Equations
Exercise 2.1 Solution and Explanation
Below are the solutions to these equations:
1. y = x², y = x + 6
○ x² = x + 6
○ x² - x - 6 = 0
○ (x - 3)(x + 2) = 0
○ x = 3 or x = -2
○ If x = 3, y = 3 + 6 = 9
○ If x = -2, y = -2 + 6 = 4
○ Solutions: (3, 9), (-2, 4)
2. y = x - 6, x² + xy = 8
○ x² + x(x - 6) = 8
○ x² + x² - 6x = 8
○ 2x² - 6x - 8 = 0
○ x² - 3x - 4 = 0
○ (x - 4)(x + 1) = 0
○ x = 4 or x = -1
○ If x = 4, y = 4 - 6 = -2
○ If x = -1, y = -1 - 6 = -7
○ Solutions: (4, -2), (-1, -7)
3. y = x - 1, x² + y² = 25
○ x² + (x - 1)² = 25
○ x² + x² - 2x + 1 = 25
○ 2x² - 2x - 24 = 0
○ x² - x - 12 = 0
○ (x - 4)(x + 3) = 0
○ x = 4 or x = -3
○ If x = 4, y = 4 - 1 = 3
○ If x = -3, y = -3 - 1 = -4
○ Solutions: (4, 3), (-3, -4)
4. xy = 4, y = 2x + 2
○ x(2x + 2) = 4
○ 2x² + 2x - 4 = 0
○ x² + x - 2 = 0
○ (x + 2)(x - 1) = 0
○ x = -2 or x = 1
○ If x = -2, y = 2(-2) + 2 = -2
 ○ x = -2 or x = 1
○ If x = -2, y = 2(-2) + 2 = -2
○ If x = 1, y = 2(1) + 2 = 4
○ Solutions: (-2, -2), (1, 4)
5. x² - xy = 0, x + y = 1
○ x(x - y) = 0
○ x = 0 or x = y
○ If x = 0, 0 + y = 1, so y = 1
○ If x = y, x + x = 1, 2x = 1, x = 1/2, y = 1/2
○ Solutions: (0, 1), (1/2, 1/2)
6. 3y = 4x - 5, x² + 3xy = 10
○ y = (4x - 5)/3
○ x² + 3x((4x - 5)/3) = 10
○ x² + x(4x - 5) = 10
○ 5x² - 5x - 10 = 0
○ x² - x - 2 = 0
○ (x - 2)(x + 1) = 0
○ x = 2 or x = -1
○ If x = 2, y = (4(2) - 5)/3 = 1
○ If x = -1, y = (4(-1) - 5)/3 = -3
○ Solutions: (2, 1), (-1, -3)
7. 2x + y = 7, xy = 6
○ y = 7 - 2x
○ x(7 - 2x) = 6
○ 7x - 2x² = 6
○ 2x² - 7x + 6 = 0
○ (2x - 3)(x - 2) = 0
○ x = 3/2 or x = 2
○ If x = 3/2, y = 7 - 2(3/2) = 4
○ If x = 2, y = 7 - 2(2) = 3
○ Solutions: (3/2, 4), (2, 3)

8. x - y = 2, 2x² - 3y² = 15
○x=y+2
○ 2(y + 2)² - 3y² = 15
○ 2(y² + 4y + 4) - 3y² = 15
○ -y² + 8y + 8 = 15
○ y² - 8y + 7 = 0
○ (y - 7)(y - 1) = 0
○ y = 7 or y = 1
○ If y = 7, x = 7 + 2 = 9
○ If y = 1, x = 1 + 2 = 3
○ Solutions: (9, 7), (3, 1)
9. x + 2y = 7, x² + y² = 10
○ x = 7 - 2y
○ (7 - 2y)² + y² = 10
○ 49 - 28y + 4y² + y² = 10
○ 5y² - 28y + 39 = 0
○ (5y - 13)(y - 3) = 0
○ y = 13/5 or y = 3
○ If y = 13/5, x = 7 - 2(13/5) = 9/5
○ If y = 3, x = 7 - 2(3) = 1
○ Solutions: (9/5, 13/5), (1, 3)
10. y = 2x, x² + y² = 3
○ x² + (2x)² = 3
○ 5x² = 3
○ x² = 3/5
 ○ x² = 3/5
○ x = ±√(3/5)
○ If x = √(3/5), y = 2√(3/5)
○ If x = -√(3/5), y = -2√(3/5)
○ Solutions: (√(3/5), 2√(3/5)), (-√(3/5), -2√(3/5))
11. xy = 2, x + y = 3
○y=3-x
○ x(3 - x) = 2
○ 3x - x² = 2
○ x² - 3x + 2 = 0
○ (x - 1)(x - 2) = 0
○ x = 1 or x = 2
○ If x = 1, y = 3 - 1 = 2
○ If x = 2, y = 3 - 2 = 1
○ Solutions: (1, 2), (2, 1)
11. xy = 2, x + y = 3
● From the second equation, express y as 3 - x.
● Substitute into the first equation: x(3 - x) = 2.
● This simplifies to x² - 3x + 2 = 0.
● Factoring gives (x - 1)(x - 2) = 0, so x = 1 or x = 2.
● If x = 1, y = 2; if x = 2, y = 1.
● Solutions: (1, 2) and (2, 1).

12. y² = 4x, 2x + y = 4
● Express y as 4 - 2x from the second equation.
● Substitute into the first equation: (4 - 2x)² = 4x.
● Expanding and simplifying gives 4x² - 20x + 16 = 0.
● Divide by 4: x² - 5x + 4 = 0.
● Factoring gives (x - 4)(x - 1) = 0, so x = 4 or x = 1.
● If x = 4, y = -4; if x = 1, y = 2.
● Solutions: (4, -4) and (1, 2).

13. x + 3y = 0, 2x² + 3y = 1
● Express x as -3y from the first equation.
● Substitute into the second equation: 2(-3y)² + 3y = 1.
● This simplifies to 18y² + 3y - 1 = 0.
● Use the quadratic formula to solve for y.
● After finding y, substitute back to find x.

14. x + y = 4, x² + y² = 10
● Express y as 4 - x.
● Substitute into the second equation: x² + (4 - x)² = 10.
● Expanding and simplifying gives 2x² - 8x + 6 = 0.
● Divide by 2: x² - 4x + 3 = 0.
● Factoring gives (x - 3)(x - 1) = 0, so x = 3 or x = 1.
● If x = 3, y = 1; if x = 1, y = 3.
● Solutions: (3, 1) and (1, 3).

15. y = 3x, 2y² - xy = 15

● Substitute y = 3x into the second equation: 2(3x)² - x(3x) = 15.
● This simplifies to 15x² = 15, so x² = 1.
● Thus x = 1 or x = -1.
● If x = 1, y = 3; if x = -1, y = -3.
● Solutions: (1, 3) and (-1, -3).
:
 16. x - 2y = 1, 4y² - 3x² = 1
● Express x as 2y + 1.
● Substitute into the second equation: 4y² - 3(2y + 1)² = 1.
● Expanding and simplifying will give a quadratic equation in y.
● Solve for y, then substitute back to find x.

17. 3 + x + xy = 0, 2x + 5y = 8
● Express x in terms of y (or y in terms of x) from the second equation.
● Substitute into the first equation and solve.

18. xy = 12, (x - 1)(y + 2) = 15

● From the first equation, express y as 12/x.
● Substitute into the second equation: (x - 1)(12/x + 2) = 15.
● Simplify and solve for x, then find y.
Question 19: Calculate the coordinates of the points where the line y = 1 - 2x
cuts the curve x² + y² = 2.
1. Substitution: Substitute y in the circle equation with the expression for y from the line
equation:

x² + (1 - 2x)² = 2
1. Expand and simplify:

x² + (1 - 4x + 4x²) = 2 5x² - 4x + 1 = 2 5x² - 4x - 1 = 0

1. Solve the quadratic equation:

(5x + 1)(x - 1) = 0 Therefore, x = -1/5 or x = 1

1. Find the corresponding y values:

If x = -1/5, y = 1 - 2(-1/5) = 1 + 2/5 = 7/5 If x = 1, y = 1 - 2(1) = -1

1. Coordinates of intersection points:
(-1/5, 7/5) and (1, -1)

Question 20: The sum of two numbers x and y is 11. The product of the two
numbers is 21.25.
a. Write down two equations in x and y.

● x + y = 11
● xy = 21.25
b. Solve your equations to find the possible values of x and y.

1. Express y in terms of x: From the first equation, y = 11 - x

2. Substitute into the second equation: x(11 - x) = 21.25
3. Expand and rearrange: 11x - x² = 21.25 => x² - 11x + 21.25 = 0
4. Solve the quadratic equation: (x - 8.5)(x - 2.5) = 0
5. Find x values: x = 8.5 or x = 2.5
6. Find corresponding y values:
:
 5. Find x values: x = 8.5 or x = 2.5
6. Find corresponding y values:
○ If x = 8.5, y = 11 - 8.5 = 2.5
○ If x = 2.5, y = 11 - 2.5 = 8.5
Possible values: (8.5, 2.5) and (2.5, 8.5)

Problem 21: Finding the sides of two squares

Let the sides of the two squares be a and b. Given:

● Sum of areas: a² + b² = 818
● Sum of perimeters: 4a + 4b = 160 => a + b = 40
Solving for a in the second equation: a = 40 - b Substituting into the first equation: (40 - b)² + b²
= 818 1600 - 80b + b² + b² = 818 2b² - 80b + 782 = 0 b² - 40b + 391 = 0 (b - 17)(b - 23) = 0
Thus, b = 17 or b = 23. If b = 17, a = 40 - 17 = 23. If b = 23, a = 40 - 23 = 17. The lengths of
2.ofSimultaneous
the sides the squares are 17Equations
cm and 23 cm.
Problem 22: Finding the length of line AB
Line: y = 2 - 2x Curve: 3x² - y² = 3 Substitute y in the curve equation: 3x² - (2 - 2x)² = 3 3x² - (4
- 8x + 4x²) = 3 -x² + 8x - 7 = 0 x² - 8x + 7 = 0 (x - 1)(x - 7) = 0 x = 1 or x = 7
When x = 1, y = 2 - 2(1) = 0, so A(1, 0) When x = 7, y = 2 - 2(7) = -12, so B(7, -12)
Length AB = √((7 - 1)² + (-12 - 0)²) = √(36 + 144) = √180 = 6√5
Problem 23: Finding the midpoint of AB
Line: 2x + 5y = 1 Curve: x² + 5xy - 4y² + 10 = 0 Express x from the line equation: x = (1 - 5y)/2
Substitute x into the curve equation: ((1 - 5y)/2)² + 5((1 - 5y)/2)y - 4y² + 10 = 0 (1 - 10y +
25y²)/4 + (5y - 25y²)/2 - 4y² + 10 = 0 1 - 10y + 25y² + 10y - 50y² - 16y² + 40 = 0 -41y² + 41 = 0
y² = 1 y = ±1
When y = 1, x = (1 - 5(1))/2 = -2, so A(-2, 1) When y = -1, x = (1 - 5(-1))/2 = 3, so B(3, -1)
Midpoint of AB = ((-2 + 3)/2, (1 - 1)/2) = (1/2, 0)
Problem 24: Finding the length of line AB
Line: y = x - 10 Curve: x² + y² + 4x + 6y - 40 = 0 Substitute y in the curve equation: x² + (x -
10)² + 4x + 6(x - 10) - 40 = 0 x² + x² - 20x + 100 + 4x + 6x - 60 - 40 = 0 2x² - 10x = 0 2x(x - 5) =
0 x = 0 or x = 5
When x = 0, y = 0 - 10 = -10, so A(0, -10) When x = 5, y = 5 - 10 = -5, so B(5, -5)

Length AB = √((5 - 0)² + (-5 - (-10))²) = √(25 + 25) = √50 = 5√2

Problem 25: Finding the coordinates of P
Line: y = 2x - 2 Curve: x² - y = 5 Substitute y in the curve equation: x² - (2x - 2) = 5 x² - 2x - 3 =
0 (x - 3)(x + 1) = 0 x = 3 or x = -1

When x = 3, y = 2(3) - 2 = 4, so B(3, 4) When x = -1, y = 2(-1) - 2 = -4, so A(-1, -4) (since A is
below the Edit with the Docs app
x-axis)
AP:PB = 3:1 Make tweaks,
Using leave comments,
the section and share
formula: P(x, y) = (((1)(-1) + (3)(3))/(3 + 1), ((1)(-4) + (3)(4))/(3 +
with others to edit at the same time.
1)) P(x, y) = ((-1 + 9)/4, (-4 + 12)/4) P(x, y) = (8/4, 8/4) P(x, y) = (2, 2)
Problem 26: Finding the equation of the perpendicular bisector of line AB
NO THANKS GET THE APP
:
 Problem 26: Finding the equation of the perpendicular bisector of line AB
NO THANKS GET THE APP
Line: x - 2y = 2 Curve: x + y² = 10 Express x from the line equation: x = 2y + 2 Substitute x into
the curve equation: (2y + 2) + y² = 10 y² + 2y - 8 = 0 (y + 4)(y - 2) = 0 y = -4 or y = 2
When y = -4, x = 2(-4) + 2 = -6, so A(-6, -4) When y = 2, x = 2(2) + 2 = 6, so B(6, 2)
Midpoint of AB = ((-6 + 6)/2, (-4 + 2)/2) = (0, -1) Slope of AB = (2 - (-4))/(6 - (-6)) = 6/12 = 1/2
Slope of the perpendicular bisector = -2 Equation of the perpendicular bisector: y - (-1) = -2(x -
0) y + 1 = -2x 2x + y + 1 = 0

Exercise 2.2 Solution and Explanation

o find the maximum or minimum points of a quadratic function using

symmetry, first, rewrite the function in vertex form, which is ,
where is the vertex of the parabola. The x-coordinate of the vertex, , can
be found using the formula for a quadratic function in the form
.
1. Use the symmetry of each quadratic function to find the maximum or minimum
points. Sketch each graph, showing all axis crossing points.
○ a) :

■ Vertex: , minimum point

○ b) :

■ Vertex: , minimum point

○ c) :

■
■
■ Vertex: , minimum point

○ d) :

■ Vertex: , minimum point

○ e) :

■
:
 ■
■
■ Vertex: , minimum point

○ f) :

■
■
■ Vertex: , maximum point

2. Express each of the following in the form .

○ a) :
■

○ b) :
■

○ c) :

○ d) :

○ e) :
■

○ f) :

○ g) :

○ h) :

3. Express each of the following in the form .

○ a) :
■

○ b) :
■

○ c) :
■

○ d) :

■
:
 ■

○ e) :
■

○ f) :
■

○ g) :
■

○ h) :

4. Express each of the following in the form .

○ a) :
■

○ b) :
■

○ c) :
■

○ d) :

○ e) :
■

○ f) :

○ g) :

○ h) :

Question 5

● a)
● b)

● c)
:
 ● c)
● d)
Question 6

● a)
● b)
● c)

● d)

Question 7

● a)

● b)

● c)

● d)

Question 8

● a)

● b) The function does not meet the x-axis because the discriminant
is negative. . Since the discriminant is negative, the
quadratic equation has no real roots, meaning the parabola does not intersect the x-axis.
Also, since the leading coefficient (4) is positive, the parabola opens upwards, and
because the vertex is above the x-axis, it never intersects the x-axis. The vertex form

also shows that the minimum value of is , which is greater than 0.

Question 9: a. Express in the form , where and are
integers.

●
●
●
●
●
● Thus, , , and .

b. Find the coordinates of the stationary point on the graph of .

● Since , the stationary point occurs at the vertex of the parabola.

● The vertex form is , where is the vertex.
:
 ● The vertex form is , where is the vertex.
● In this case, the vertex is .
● Thus, the coordinates of the stationary point are .

Question 10: a. Find the minimum value of for and the

corresponding value of .
● To find the minimum value, complete the square:
●

● The minimum value occurs when , and the minimum value is .

b. Hence write down a suitable domain for in order that exists.

● For the inverse to exist, the function must be one-to-one.

● A suitable domain is or .

Question 11: a. Write in the form , where and are

constants to be found.

● Thus, and .

b. Write down the range of the function .

● Since the coefficient of the term is negative, the parabola opens downwards.

● The maximum value of is .

● The range is or .
Solutions and explanations for the provided math problems:

12. f(x) = 14 + 6x - 2x² for x ∈ R

a.
Express 14 + 6x - 2x² in the form a + b(x + c)²
:
 ● 14 + 6x - 2x² = -2(x² - 3x) + 14
● = -2(x² - 3x + (3/2)²) + 14 + 2(3/2)²
● = -2(x - 3/2)² + 14 + 9/2
● = 28/2 + 9/2 - 2(x - 3/2)²
● = 37/2 - 2(x - 3/2)²
● Thus, a = 37/2, b = -2, c = -3/2
b.
Write down the coordinates of the stationary point on the graph of y = f(x).
● Stationary point occurs where f'(x) = 0
● f'(x) = 6 - 4x
● 6 - 4x = 0 => x = 3/2
● f(3/2) = 14 + 6(3/2) - 2(3/2)² = 14 + 9 - 9/2 = 37/2
● Coordinates: (3/2, 37/2)
c.
Sketch the graph of y = f(x).
● The graph is a parabola opening downwards with vertex at (3/2, 37/2).

13. f(x) = 7 + 5x - x² for 0 ≤ x ≤ 7

a.
Express 7 + 5x - x² in the form a - (x + b)²
● 7 + 5x - x² = -(x² - 5x) + 7
● = -(x² - 5x + (5/2)²) + 7 + (5/2)²
● = -(x - 5/2)² + 7 + 25/4
● = -(x - 5/2)² + 53/4
● Thus, a = 53/4, b = -5/2
b.
Find the coordinates of the turning point of the function f(x), stating whether it is a
maximum or minimum point.
● Turning point is at x = 5/2
● f(5/2) = 7 + 5(5/2) - (5/2)² = 7 + 25/2 - 25/4 = 53/4
● Coordinates: (5/2, 53/4)
● It is a maximum point because the coefficient of x² is negative.
c.
Find the range of f.
● Since the function is a downward-opening parabola and the domain is, we need to
evaluate f(0) and f(7):
● f(0) = 7
● f(7) = 7 + 5(7) - 7² = 7 + 35 - 49 = -7
● The range is [-7, 53/4]
d.
State, giving a reason, whether or not f has an inverse.
● f does not have an inverse over its entire domain because it is not one-to-one. It fails
the horizontal line test.

14. The function f is such that f(x) = 2x² - 8x + 3.

a.
:
 a.
Write f(x) in the form 2(x + a)² + b
● 2x² - 8x + 3 = 2(x² - 4x) + 3
● = 2(x² - 4x + 4) + 3 - 8
● = 2(x - 2)² - 5
● Thus, a = -2, b = -5
b.
Write down a suitable domain for f so that f⁻¹ exists.
● To have an inverse, f must be one-to-one. A suitable domain is x ≥ 2 or x ≤ 2.

15. f(x) = 4x² + 6x - 8 where x ≥ m Find the smallest value of m for which f has
an inverse.
● f'(x) = 8x + 6
● Setting f'(x) = 0 to find the vertex: 8x + 6 = 0 => x = -3/4
● To have an inverse for x ≥ m, m must be -3/4.

16. f(x) = 1 + 4x - x² for x ≥ 2

a.
Express 1 + 4x - x² in the form a - (x + b)²

● 1 + 4x - x² = -(x² - 4x) + 1
● = -(x² - 4x + 4) + 1 + 4
● = -(x - 2)² + 5
● Thus, a = 5, b = -2
b.
Find the coordinates of the turning point of the function f(x), stating whether it is a
maximum or minimum point.
● Turning point is at x = 2
● f(2) = 1 + 4(2) - 2² = 1 + 8 - 4 = 5
● Coordinates: (2, 5)
● It is a maximum point because the coefficient of x² is negative.
c.
Explain why f(x) has an inverse and find an expression for f⁻¹(x) in terms of x.
● f(x) has an inverse for x ≥ 2 because it is one-to-one in that domain.
● To find f⁻¹(x), let y = 1 + 4x - x²
● y = 5 - (x - 2)²
● (x - 2)² = 5 - y
● x - 2 = √(5 - y) (taking the positive root since x ≥ 2)
● x = 2 + √(5 - y)
● So, f⁻¹(x) = 2 + √(5 - x)

Exercise 2.3 Solution and Explanation

This exercise requires sketching the graphs of quadratic functions within

absolute value signs. To solve these, one would:
:
 1. Find the roots of the quadratic function.
2. Determine the vertex of the parabola.
3. Sketch the parabola, and then reflect the portion of the graph below the x-axis across
the x-axis due to the absolute value.

a) y = |x² - 4x + 3|

● Roots: x = 1, x = 3
● Vertex: (2, -1)
b) y = |x² - 2x - 3|

● Roots: x = -1, x = 3
● Vertex: (1, -4)
c) y = |x² - 5x + 4|

● Roots: x = 1, x = 4
● Vertex: (2.5, -2.25)
d) y = |x² - 2x - 8|

● Roots: x = -2, x = 4
● Vertex: (1, -9)
e) y = |2x² - 11x - 6|

● Roots: x = -0.5, x = 6
● Vertex: (2.75, -21.125)
f) y = |3x² + 5x - 2|

● Roots: x = -2, x = 1/3

● Vertex: (-5/6, -49/12)

Exercise 2: Manipulating and sketching a quadratic function

a) f(x) = 1 - 4x - x²:

● Rewrite in the form a - (x + b)²:

○ f(x) = 5 - (x + 2)²
b) Sketch the graph of y = f(x):

● This is a downward-opening parabola with vertex at (-2, 5).

c) Sketch the graph of y = |f(x)|

● Reflect the portion of the parabola below the x-axis across the x-axis.
:
 ● Reflect the portion of the parabola below the x-axis across the x-axis.

Exercise 3: Manipulating and sketching another quadratic function

a) f(x) = 2x² + x - 3:

● Rewrite in the form a(x + b)² + c:

○ f(x) = 2(x + 1/4)² - 25/8
b) Sketch the graph of y = |f(x)|

● Find the roots (x = -3/2 and x = 1), sketch the parabola, and reflect the portion below
the x-axis.
Problem 4:
● 4a: Find the coordinates of the stationary point on the curve y = |(x - 7)(x + 1)|.
○ To find the stationary points, differentiate the function and set the derivative to
zero. However, due to the absolute value, it's necessary to consider two cases:
when (x - 7)(x + 1) is positive and when it's negative.
○ Solve for x in each case and substitute back into the original equation to find the
y-coordinate.
● 4b: Sketch the graph of y = |(x - 7)(x + 1)|.
○ Identify the roots of the quadratic (x = 7 and x = -1).
○ Determine the vertex of the parabola (without the absolute value).
○ Reflect the portion of the graph below the x-axis about the x-axis due to the
absolute value.
● 4c: Find the set of values of k for which |(x - 7)(x + 1)| = k has four solutions.
○ Graphically, this means finding the horizontal lines y = k that intersect the graph
of y = |(x - 7)(x + 1)| at four points.
○ This occurs for k values between 0 and the y-coordinate of the local maximum
(after the reflection due to the absolute value).

Problem 5:
● 5a: Find the coordinates of the stationary point on the curve y = |(x + 5)(x + 1)|.
○ Similar to 4a, differentiate considering the two cases of the absolute value.
● 5b: Find the set of values of k for which |(x + 5)(x + 1)| = k has two solutions.
○ Graphically, this is when the line y = k touches the vertex of the parabola (after
reflection) or is above the local maximum.

Problem 6:
● 6a: Find the coordinates of the stationary point on the curve y = |(x - 8)(x - 3)|.
○ Follow the same approach as in 4a and 5a.
● 6b: Find the value of k for which |(x - 8)(x - 3)| = k has three solutions.
○ This happens when the line y = k passes through the vertex of the original
parabola (before reflection).

General Approach:
1. Differentiate: Find the derivative of the quadratic function inside the absolute value.
2. Consider Absolute Value: Analyze the cases where the expression inside the
absolute value is positive and negative.
3. Solve for Stationary Points: Set the derivative to zero and solve for x.
:
 3. Solve for Stationary Points: Set the derivative to zero and solve for x.
4. Sketch the Graph: Plot the roots, vertex, and consider the reflection due to the
absolute value.
5. Analyze Solutions: Graphically determine the values of k that satisfy the given
conditions.
Question 7 Solutions:

a. |x² - 6| = 10
● x² - 6 = 10 or x² - 6 = -10
● x² = 16 or x² = -4 (no real solutions)
● x = ±4

b. |x² - 2| = 2
● x² - 2 = 2 or x² - 2 = -2
● x² = 4 or x² = 0
● x = ±2 or x = 0

c. |x² - 5x| = 6
● x² - 5x = 6 or x² - 5x = -6
● x² - 5x - 6 = 0 or x² - 5x + 6 = 0
● (x - 6)(x + 1) = 0 or (x - 2)(x - 3) = 0
● x = 6, -1 or x = 2, 3

d. |x² + 2x| = 24
● x² + 2x = 24 or x² + 2x = -24
● x² + 2x - 24 = 0 or x² + 2x + 24 = 0 (no real solutions)
● (x + 6)(x - 4) = 0
● x = -6, 4

e. |x² - 5x + 1| = 3
● x² - 5x + 1 = 3 or x² - 5x + 1 = -3
● x² - 5x - 2 = 0 or x² - 5x + 4 = 0
● x = (5 ± √33)/2 or (x - 4)(x - 1) = 0
● x = (5 ± √33)/2 or x = 4, 1

f. |x² + 3x - 1| = 3
● x² + 3x - 1 = 3 or x² + 3x - 1 = -3
● x² + 3x - 4 = 0 or x² + 3x + 2 = 0
● (x + 4)(x - 1) = 0 or (x + 2)(x + 1) = 0
● x = -4, 1 or x = -2, -1

g. |x² + 2x - 4| = 5
● x² + 2x - 4 = 5 or x² + 2x - 4 = -5
● x² + 2x - 9 = 0 or x² + 2x + 1 = 0
● x = (-2 ± √40)/2 = -1 ± √10 or (x + 1)² = 0
● x = -1 ± √10 or x = -1

h. |2x² - 3| = 2x
● 2x² - 3 = 2x or 2x² - 3 = -2x
● 2x² - 2x - 3 = 0 or 2x² + 2x - 3 = 0
● x = (2 ± √28)/4 = (1 ± √7)/2 or x = (-2 ± √28)/4 = (-1 ± √7)/2
● Check for extraneous solutions: x = (1 + √7)/2 and x = (-1 + √7)/2
:
 ● Check for extraneous solutions: x = (1 + √7)/2 and x = (-1 + √7)/2

i. |x² - 4x + 7| = 4
● x² - 4x + 7 = 4 or x² - 4x + 7 = -4
● x² - 4x + 3 = 0 or x² - 4x + 11 = 0 (no real solutions)
● (x - 3)(x - 1) = 0
● x = 3, 1

Question 8 Solutions:

a. y = x + 1 y = x² - 2x - 3
● x + 1 = x² - 2x - 3
● x² - 3x - 4 = 0
● (x - 4)(x + 1) = 0
● x = 4, y = 5 or x = -1, y = 0

b. 2y = x + 4 y = |(1/2)x² - x - 3|
● y = (1/2)x + 2
● (1/2)x + 2 = |(1/2)x² - x - 3|
● Case 1: (1/2)x + 2 = (1/2)x² - x - 3
○ x + 4 = x² - 2x - 6
○ x² - 3x - 10 = 0
○ (x - 5)(x + 2) = 0
○ x = 5, y = 4.5 or x = -2, y = 1
● Case 2: (1/2)x + 2 = -(1/2)x² + x + 3
○ x + 4 = -x² + 2x + 6
○ x² - x - 2 = 0
○ (x - 2)(x + 1) = 0
○ x = 2, y = 3 or x = -1, y = 1.5

c. y = 2x y = |2x² - 4|
● 2x = |2x² - 4|
● Case 1: 2x = 2x² - 4
○ x² - x - 2 = 0
○ (x - 2)(x + 1) = 0
○ x = 2, y = 4 or x = -1, y = -2 (discard as y must be positive)
● Case 2: 2x = -2x² + 4
○ x² + x - 2 = 0
○ (x + 2)(x - 1) = 0
○ x = 1, y = 2 or x = -2, y = -4 (discard as y must be positive)

Exercise 2.4 Solution and Explanation

Exercise 2.4 focuses on solving inequalities, both quadratic and cubic. Here's a breakdown of
the solutions:

1. Solve:
● a) (x + 3)(x - 4) > 0:
○ Critical points: x = -3, x = 4
○ Solution: x < -3 or x > 4
● b) (x - 5)(x - 1) ≤ 0:
:
 ● b) (x - 5)(x - 1) ≤ 0:
○ Critical points: x = 1, x = 5
○ Solution: 1 ≤ x ≤ 5
● c) (x - 3)(x + 7) ≥ 0:
○ Critical points: x = -7, x = 3
○ Solution: x ≤ -7 or x ≥ 3

● d) x(x - 5) < 0:
○ Critical points: x = 0, x = 5
○ Solution: 0 < x < 5
● e) (2x + 1)(x - 4) < 0:
○ Critical points: x = -1/2, x = 4
○ Solution: -1/2 < x < 4
● f) (3 - x)(x + 1) ≥ 0:
○ Critical points: x = -1, x = 3
○ Solution: -1 ≤ x ≤ 3

● g) (2x + 3)(x - 5) < 0:

○ Critical points: x = -3/2, x = 5
○ Solution: -3/2 < x < 5
● h) (x - 5)² ≥ 0:
○ Critical point: x = 5
○ Solution: All real numbers (x ∈ ℝ)
● i) (x - 3)³ ≤ 0:
○ Critical point: x = 3
○ Solution: x ≤ 3

2. Solve:
a) x³ + 5x - 14 < 0

● Factor: (x - 2)(x² + 2x + 7) < 0

● The quadratic factor has no real roots.
● Solution: x < 2
b) x² + x - 6 ≥ 0

● Factor: (x + 3)(x - 2) ≥ 0
● Critical points: x = -3, x = 2
● Solution: x ≤ -3 or x ≥ 2
c) x² - 9x + 20 < 0

● Factor: (x - 4)(x - 5) < 0

● Critical points: x = 4, x = 5
● Solution: 4 < x < 5
d) x² + 2x - 48 > 0

● Factor: (x + 8)(x - 6) > 0

● Critical points: x = -8, x = 6
● Solution: x < -8 or x > 6
:
 ● Solution: x < -8 or x > 6
e) 2x² - x - 15 < 0

● Factor: (2x + 5)(x - 3) < 0

● Critical points: x = -5/2, x = 3
● Solution: -5/2 < x < 3
f) 5x² + 9x + 4 > 0

● Factor: (5x + 4)(x + 1) > 0

● Critical points: x = -4/5, x = -1
● Solution: x < -1 or x > -4/5
3. Solve:
The image does not show the problems for section 3.
3. Solve.
a. x² < 18 - 3x

● Rearrange: x² + 3x - 18 < 0
● Factor: (x + 6)(x - 3) < 0
● Solution: -6 < x < 3
b. 12x < x² + 35

● Rearrange: x² - 12x + 35 > 0

● Factor: (x - 7)(x - 5) > 0
● Solution: x < 5 or x > 7
c. x(3 - 2x) ≤ 1

● Expand: 3x - 2x² ≤ 1
● Rearrange: 2x² - 3x + 1 ≥ 0
● Factor: (2x - 1)(x - 1) ≥ 0
● Solution: x ≤ 1/2 or x ≥ 1
d. x² + 4x < 3(x + 2)

● Expand: x² + 4x < 3x + 6
● Rearrange: x² + x - 6 < 0
● Factor: (x + 3)(x - 2) < 0
● Solution: -3 < x < 2
e. (x + 3)(1 - x) < x - 1

● Expand: x - x² + 3 - 3x < x - 1
● Rearrange: -x² - 3x + 4 < 0
● Multiply by -1 and reverse inequality: x² + 3x - 4 > 0
● Factor: (x + 4)(x - 1) > 0
● Solution: x < -4 or x > 1
f. (4x + 3)(3x - 1) < 2x(x + 3)
:
 ● Solution: x < -4 or x > 1
f. (4x + 3)(3x - 1) < 2x(x + 3)

● Expand: 12x² + 5x - 3 < 2x² + 6x

● Rearrange: 10x² - x - 3 < 0
● Factor: (5x - 3)(2x + 1) < 0
● Solution: -1/2 < x < 3/5

4. Find the set of values of x for which

a. x² - 11x + 24 < 0 and 2x + 3 < 13

● Factor x² - 11x + 24: (x - 8)(x - 3) < 0, Solution: 3 < x < 8

● Solve 2x + 3 < 13: 2x < 10, x < 5
● Combined Solution: 3 < x < 5
b. x² - 4x ≤ 12 and 4x - 3 > 1

● Rearrange x² - 4x ≤ 12: x² - 4x - 12 ≤ 0, Factor: (x - 6)(x + 2) ≤ 0, Solution: -2 ≤ x ≤ 6

● Solve 4x - 3 > 1: 4x > 4, x > 1
● Combined Solution: 1 < x ≤ 6
c. x(2x - 1) < 1 and 7 - 2x < 6

● Expand and rearrange x(2x - 1) < 1: 2x² - x - 1 < 0, Factor: (2x + 1)(x - 1) < 0, Solution:
-1/2 < x < 1
● Solve 7 - 2x < 6: -2x < -1, x > 1/2
● Combined Solution: 1/2 < x < 1
d. x² - 3x - 10 < 0 and x² - 10x + 21 < 0

● Factor x² - 3x - 10 < 0: (x - 5)(x + 2) < 0, Solution: -2 < x < 5

● Factor x² - 10x + 21 < 0: (x - 7)(x - 3) < 0, Solution: 3 < x < 7
● Combined Solution: 3 < x < 5
e. x² + x - 2 > 0 and x² - 2x - 3 ≥ 0

● Factor x² + x - 2 > 0: (x + 2)(x - 1) > 0, Solution: x < -2 or x > 1

● Factor x² - 2x - 3 ≥ 0: (x - 3)(x + 1) ≥ 0, Solution: x ≤ -1 or x ≥ 3
● Combined Solution: x < -2 or x ≥ 3
Question 5 Solutions:
a) |x² + 2x - 2| < 13 -13 < x² + 2x - 2 < 13

Solving x² + 2x - 2 < 13: x² + 2x - 15 < 0 (x + 5)(x - 3) < 0 -5 < x < 3

Solving -13 < x² + 2x - 2: x² + 2x + 11 > 0 This inequality is always true for all real numbers
because the discriminant (b² - 4ac = 2² - 4111 = -40) is negative, and the parabola opens
upwards.
Combining both inequalities, the solution is -5 < x < 3.
b) |x² - 8x + 6| < 6 -6 < x² - 8x + 6 < 6
:
 b) |x² - 8x + 6| < 6 -6 < x² - 8x + 6 < 6
Solving x² - 8x + 6 < 6: x² - 8x < 0 x(x - 8) < 0 0 < x < 8
Solving -6 < x² - 8x + 6: x² - 8x + 12 > 0 (x - 6)(x - 2) > 0 x < 2 or x > 6

Combining both inequalities, the solution is (0 < x < 2) or (6 < x < 8).
c) |x² - 6x + 4| < 4 -4 < x² - 6x + 4 < 4
Solving x² - 6x + 4 < 4: x² - 6x < 0 x(x - 6) < 0 0 < x < 6

Solving -4 < x² - 6x + 4: x² - 6x + 8 > 0 (x - 4)(x - 2) > 0 x < 2 or x > 4

Combining both inequalities, the solution is (0 < x < 2) or (4 < x < 6).
Question 6 Solution:

Find the range of values of x for which 4 / (3x² - 2x - 8) < 0.

The inequality is satisfied when the denominator is negative because the numerator is positive.
3x² - 2x - 8 < 0 (3x + 4)(x - 2) < 0 -4/3 < x < 2
Therefore, the range of values for x is -4/3 < x < 2.

Exercise 2.5 Solution and Explanation

Exercise 2.5 focuses on determining the nature of roots for quadratic

equations and finding specific values that satisfy certain root conditions. The
nature of the roots of a quadratic equation is determined by the
discriminant, :
● If , the equation has two distinct real roots.
● If , the equation has two equal real roots (one repeated root).
● If , the equation has no real roots (two complex roots).

1. Determining the Nature of Roots

● a) :
○
○ Two equal roots.

● b) :
○
○ Two distinct roots.

● c) :
○
○ Two distinct roots.

● d) :
○
○ No real roots.

● e) :
○
:
 ○
○ Two distinct roots.

● f) :
○
○ Two equal roots.

● g) :
○
○ No real roots.

● h) :
○
○ Two distinct roots.

2. has two equal roots

● For equal roots, .
●
● Setting :
●
●

3. has two distinct roots

● For distinct roots, .
●
● Setting :
●

4. has no real roots

● For no real roots, .
●
● Setting :
●

5. has two equal roots

● For equal roots, .
●
● Setting :
●

● or
Question 6: Find the values of k for which has two distinct
roots.
● For a quadratic equation to have two distinct roots, the discriminant must be greater
than 0.
● The discriminant is , where , , and .
:
 ● The discriminant is , where , , and .
● So,
●
●
●
●

●
● Also, since it is a quadratic equation, cannot be 0.

● Therefore, and .

Question 7: Find the values of k for which has two distinct

roots.
● Here, , , and .
● The discriminant is
●
●
●

Question 8: Find the values of k for which has two equal

roots.
● For equal roots, the discriminant must be equal to 0.
● Here, , , and .
● So,
●
●
●
●
● or

Question 9: Find the values of k for which has two equal

roots.
● Here, , , and .
● The discriminant is
●
●
●
● Divide by 16:
●
●
● or

Question 10: Show that the roots of the equation are real
and distinct for all positive values of k.
:
 and distinct for all positive values of k.
● Here, , , and .
● The discriminant is
●
●
●
● Since is always positive for all (except , but we are considering only
positive values of ), the roots are always real and distinct.

Question 11: Show that the roots of the equation are real and
distinct for all positive values of k ).
● Here, , , and .
● The discriminant is
●
● Since is always positive for all (except , but it is stated that ), the
roots are always real and distinct.

Exercise 2.6 Solution and Explanation

Question 1: Find the values of k for which y = kx + 1 is a tangent to the curve

y = 2x² + x + 3.
1. Set the equations equal to each other: kx + 1 = 2x² + x + 3
2. Rearrange to form a quadratic equation: 2x² + (1-k)x + 2 = 0
3. For tangency, the discriminant must be zero: (b² - 4ac) = 0
4. Substitute the coefficients: (1-k)² - 4 * 2 * 2 = 0
5. Solve for k:
○ (1-k)² = 16
○ 1-k = ±4
○ k = -3 or k = 5

Question 2: Find the value of k for which the x-axis is a tangent to the curve y
= x² + (3-k)x - (4k + 3).
1. The x-axis is y = 0, so set the equation equal to zero: x² + (3-k)x - (4k + 3) = 0
2. For tangency, the discriminant must be zero: (b² - 4ac) = 0
3. Substitute the coefficients: (3-k)² - 4 * 1 * -(4k + 3) = 0
4. Solve for k:
○ 9 - 6k + k² + 16k + 12 = 0
○ k² + 10k + 21 = 0
○ (k + 7)(k + 3) = 0
○ k = -7 or k = -3

Question 3: Find the values of the constant c for which the line y = x + c is a
tangent to the curve y = 3x + 2/x.
1. Set the equations equal to each other: x + c = 3x + 2/x
2. Rearrange to form a quadratic equation: 2x² - cx + 2 = 0
3. For tangency, the discriminant must be zero: (b² - 4ac) = 0
4. Substitute the coefficients: (-c)² - 4 * 2 * 2 = 0
5. Solve for c:
○ c² = 16
:
 ○ c² = 16
○ c = ±4

Question 4: Find the set of values of k for which the line y = 3x + 1 cuts the
curve y = x² + kx + 2 in two distinct points.
1. Set the equations equal to each other: 3x + 1 = x² + kx + 2
2. Rearrange to form a quadratic equation: x² + (k-3)x + 1 = 0
3. For two distinct points, the discriminant must be greater than zero: (b² - 4ac) > 0
4. Substitute the coefficients: (k-3)² - 4 * 1 * 1 > 0
5. Solve for k:
○ k² - 6k + 9 - 4 > 0
○ k² - 6k + 5 > 0
○ (k-5)(k-1) > 0
○ k < 1 or k > 5

Question 5: The line y = 2x + k is a tangent to the curve x² + 2xy + 20 = 0.

a.
Find the possible values of k.
1. Substitute y = 2x + k into the curve equation: x² + 2x(2x + k) + 20 = 0
2. Simplify and rearrange: 5x² + 2kx + 20 = 0
3. For tangency, the discriminant must be zero: (b² - 4ac) = 0
4. Substitute the coefficients: (2k)² - 4 * 5 * 20 = 0
5. Solve for k:
○ 4k² = 400
○ k² = 100
○ k = ±10
b.
For each of these values of k, find the coordinates of the point of contact of the tangent
with the curve.
1. For k = 10:
○ 5x² + 20x + 20 = 0
○ x² + 4x + 4 = 0
○ (x + 2)² = 0
○ x = -2, y = 2(-2) + 10 = 6
○ Point: (-2, 6)
2. For k = -10:
○ 5x² - 20x + 20 = 0
○ x² - 4x + 4 = 0
○ (x - 2)² = 0
○ x = 2, y = 2(2) - 10 = -6
○ Point: (2, -6)
Question 6: Find the set of values of k for which the line y = k - x cuts the
curve y = x² - 7x + 4 in two distinct points.
1. Set the equations equal to each other:

k - x = x² - 7x + 4
1. Rearrange to form a quadratic equation:

0 = x² - 6x + (4 - k)
1. Apply the discriminant condition for two distinct real roots:
:
 1. Apply the discriminant condition for two distinct real roots:
b² - 4ac > 0 (-6)² - 4(1)(4 - k) > 0 36 - 16 + 4k > 0 20 + 4k > 0 4k > -20 k > -5
Answer: The set of values for k is k > -5.

Question 7: Find the values of k for which the line y = kx - 10 intersects the
curve x² + y² = 10x.
1. Substitute y in the circle equation:

x² + (kx - 10)² = 10x

1. Expand and rearrange to form a quadratic equation:

x² + k²x² - 20kx + 100 = 10x (1 + k²)x² - (20k + 10)x + 100 = 0

1. Apply the discriminant condition for intersection (one or two points):
b² - 4ac ≥ 0 (-(20k + 10))² - 4(1 + k²)(100) ≥ 0 400k² + 400k + 100 - 400 - 400k² ≥ 0 400k - 300
≥ 0 400k ≥ 300 k ≥ 3/4
Answer: The values for k are k ≥ 3/4.

Question 8: Find the set of values of m for which the line y = mx - 5 does not
intersect the curve y = x² - 5x + 4.
1. Set the equations equal to each other:

mx - 5 = x² - 5x + 4
1. Rearrange to form a quadratic equation:

0 = x² - (5 + m)x + 9
1. Apply the discriminant condition for no intersection (no real roots):

b² - 4ac < 0 (-(5 + m))² - 4(1)(9) < 0 (5 + m)² - 36 < 0 m² + 10m + 25 - 36 < 0 m² +
10m - 11 < 0 (m + 11)(m - 1) < 0
1. Determine the range of m:
-11 < m < 1

Answer: The set of values for m is -11 < m < 1.

Question 9: The line y = mx + 6 is a tangent to the curve y = x² - 4x + 7. Find

the possible values of m.
1. Set the equations equal to each other:

mx + 6 = x² - 4x + 7
1. Options for rearranging to form a quadratic equation:

0 = x² - (4 + m)x + 1
1. Apply the discriminant condition for tangency (one real root):

b² - 4ac = 0 (-(4 + m))² - 4(1)(1) = 0 (4 + m)² - 4 = 0 16 + 8m + m² - 4 = 0 m² + 8m

+ 12 = 0 (m + 6)(m + 2) = 0
:
 b² - 4ac = 0 (-(4 + m))² - 4(1)(1) = 0 (4 + m)² - 4 = 0 16 + 8m + m² - 4 = 0 m² + 8m
+ 12 = 0 (m + 6)(m + 2) = 0
1. Solve for m:
m = -6 or m = -2
Answer: The possible values of m are -6 and -2.

Past Paper Solution and Explanation

Here's a breakdown of the solutions and explanations for the problems in the
image:
1. Find the set of values of k for which the line y = k(4x - 3) does not intersect the curve y
= 4x² + 8x - 8.**
○ Solution:
■ Set the equations equal to each other: k(4x - 3) = 4x² + 8x - 8
■ Rearrange into a quadratic equation: 4x² + (8 - 4k)x + (3k - 8) = 0
■ For no intersection, the discriminant (b² - 4ac) must be less than 0.
■ Discriminant: (8 - 4k)² - 4 * 4 * (3k - 8) < 0
■ Simplify: 16k² - 112k + 192 < 0
■ Divide by 16: k² - 7k + 12 < 0
■ Factor: (k - 3)(k - 4) < 0
■ Solution: 3 < k < 4
2. Find the set of values of x for which x(x + 2) < x.
○ Solution:
■ Expand: x² + 2x < x
■ Rearrange: x² + x < 0
■ Factor: x(x + 1) < 0
■ Solution: -1 < x < 0
3. Express 2x² - x + 6 in the form p(x - q)² + r, where p, q, and r are constants. Hence
state the least value of 2x² - x + 6 and the value of x at which this occurs.**
○ Solution:
■ Complete the square:
■ 2(x² - 1/2x) + 6
■ 2(x² - 1/2x + 1/16) + 6 - 2(1/16)
■ 2(x - 1/4)² + 47/8
■ p = 2, q = 1/4, r = 47/8
■ Least value: 47/8
■ Value of x at which it occurs: x = 1/4
4. Find the range of values of k for which the equation kx² + k = 8x - 2xk has 2 real
distinct roots.**
○ Solution:
■ Rearrange: kx² + (2k - 8)x + k = 0
■ For two distinct roots, the discriminant must be greater than 0.
■ Discriminant: (2k - 8)² - 4 * k * k > 0
■ Simplify: -32k + 64 > 0
■ Solve: k < 2
5. Find the set of values of x for which 4x² + 19x - 5 ≤ 0. Express 8x - 9 in the form (x +
a)² + b, where a and b are integers. Use your answer to part i to find the greatest value
of 9 - 8x - x² and the value of x at which this occurs. Sketch the graph of y = 9 - 8x - x²,
indicating the coordinates of any points of intersection with the coordinate axes.**
○ Solution:
:
 ○ Solution:
■ Factor the quadratic: (4x - 1)(x + 5) ≤ 0
■ Solution: -5 ≤ x ≤ 1/4
■ Complete the square:
■ -(x² + 8x) + 9
■ -(x² + 8x + 16) + 9 + 16
■ -(x + 4)² + 25
■ Greatest value of 9 - 8x - x²: 25
■ Value of x at which it occurs: x = -4
■ Sketch: Parabola opens downwards with vertex at (-4, 25). Intersects y-
axis at (0, 9). Intersects x-axis at (-9, 0) and (1, 0).
These solutions and explanations are designed to be understandable for a 9th-grade level,
focusing on the core concepts and steps involved in solving each problem.
Question 6
(i) Find the coordinates of A and B.

To find the coordinates of points A and B, where the curve and the line
intersect, solve the system of equations:
● 3x² + xy - y² + 4y - 3 = 0
● y = 2(1 - x) = 2 - 2x

Substitute y = 2 - 2x into the curve equation:

● 3x² + x(2 - 2x) - (2 - 2x)² + 4(2 - 2x) - 3 = 0
● 3x² + 2x - 2x² - (4 - 8x + 4x²) + 8 - 8x - 3 = 0
● 3x² + 2x - 2x² - 4 + 8x - 4x² + 8 - 8x - 3 = 0
● -3x² + 2x + 1 = 0
● 3x² - 2x - 1 = 0
● (3x + 1)(x - 1) = 0
Thus, x = -1/3 or x = 1.

For x = -1/3:
● y = 2 - 2(-1/3) = 2 + 2/3 = 8/3

For x = 1:
● y = 2 - 2(1) = 0
So, the coordinates of A and B are (-1/3, 8/3) and (1, 0).
(ii) Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line AB.

The midpoint of AB is:

● M = ((-1/3 + 1)/2, (8/3 + 0)/2) = (1/3, 4/3)

The slope of AB is:

● m_AB = (0 - 8/3) / (1 - (-1/3)) = (-8/3) / (4/3) = -2

The slope of the perpendicular bisector is:

● m_perp = -1 / m_AB = -1 / (-2) = 1/2

The equation of the perpendicular bisector is:

:
 The equation of the perpendicular bisector is:
● y - 4/3 = (1/2)(x - 1/3)
● 6y - 8 = 3x - 1
● 3x - 6y + 7 = 0
Question 7
(a) Write 9x² - 12x + 5 in the form p(x - q)² + r, where p, q and r are constants.

Complete the square:

● 9x² - 12x + 5 = 9(x² - (4/3)x) + 5
● = 9(x² - (4/3)x + (2/3)²) - 9(2/3)² + 5
● = 9(x - 2/3)² - 4 + 5
● = 9(x - 2/3)² + 1
Thus, p = 9, q = 2/3, and r = 1.

(b) Hence write down the coordinates of the minimum point of the curve y = 9x² - 12x + 5.
The minimum point is at (q, r) = (2/3, 1).
Question 8
(a) Find the coordinates of A and B.

Solve the system of equations:

● y = 5x + 6
● xy = 8

Substitute y = 5x + 6 into xy = 8:
● x(5x + 6) = 8
● 5x² + 6x - 8 = 0
● (5x - 4)(x + 2) = 0
Thus, x = 4/5 or x = -2.

For x = 4/5:
● y = 5(4/5) + 6 = 4 + 6 = 10

For x = -2:
● y = 5(-2) + 6 = -10 + 6 = -4
So, the coordinates of A and B are (4/5, 10) and (-2, -4).
(b) Find the coordinates of the point where the perpendicular bisector of AB meets the line y =
x.

The midpoint of AB is:

● M = ((4/5 - 2)/2, (10 - 4)/2) = (-3/5, 3)

The slope of AB is:

● m_AB = (-4 - 10) / (-2 - 4/5) = -14 / (-14/5) = 5
:
 ● m_AB = (-4 - 10) / (-2 - 4/5) = -14 / (-14/5) = 5

The slope of the perpendicular bisector is:

● m_perp = -1/5

The equation of the perpendicular bisector is:

● y - 3 = (-1/5)(x + 3/5)
● 5y - 15 = -x - 3/5
● 25y - 75 = -5x - 3
● 5x + 25y = 72

Since the point also lies on y = x, substitute y = x:

● 5x + 25x = 72
● 30x = 72
● x = 72/30 = 12/5
● y = 12/5
The coordinates of the point are (12/5, 12/5).
Question 9

Solve the inequality (x - 1)(x - 5) > 12.

● x² - 6x + 5 > 12
● x² - 6x - 7 > 0
● (x - 7)(x + 1) > 0
This inequality holds when x < -1 or x > 7.
Question 10

Solve the equations:

● y - x = 4 => y = x + 4
● x² + y² - 8x - 4y - 16 = 0

Substitute y = x + 4 into the second equation:

● x² + (x + 4)² - 8x - 4(x + 4) - 16 = 0
● x² + x² + 8x + 16 - 8x - 4x - 16 - 16 = 0
● 2x² - 4x - 16 = 0
● x² - 2x - 8 = 0
● (x - 4)(x + 2) = 0
Thus, x = 4 or x = -2.

For x = 4:
●y=4+4=8

For x = -2:
● y = -2 + 4 = 2
The solutions are (4, 8) and (-2, 2).
Question 11
Find the values of k for which the line y = kx + 3 is a tangent to the curve y = 2x² + 4x + k - 1.
:
 Find the values of k for which the line y = kx + 3 is a tangent to the curve y = 2x² + 4x + k - 1.

Set the two equations equal to each other:

● kx + 3 = 2x² + 4x + k - 1
● 2x² + (4 - k)x + k - 4 = 0

For the line to be a tangent, the discriminant must be zero:

● (4 - k)² - 4(2)(k - 4) = 0
● 16 - 8k + k² - 8k + 32 = 0
● k² - 16k + 48 = 0
● (k - 12)(k - 4) = 0
Thus, k = 12 or k = 4.
Question 12: Find the values of the constant k for which the equation kx² - 3(k + 1)x + 25 = 0
has equal roots.
For a quadratic equation to have equal roots, its discriminant (Δ) must be zero. The
discriminant is given by Δ = b² - 4ac, where a, b, and c are the coefficients of the quadratic
equation ax² + bx + c = 0.

In this case, a = k, b = -3(k + 1), and c = 25.

1. Set up the discriminant equation:

Δ = (-3(k + 1))² - 4(k)(25) = 0

1. Expand and simplify:

9(k² + 2k + 1) - 100k = 0 9k² + 18k + 9 - 100k = 0 9k² - 82k + 9 = 0

1. Solve the quadratic equation for k:

This can be factored as (9k - 1)(k - 9) = 0 Thus, k = 1/9 or k = 9

Question 13: The curve xy = 11x + 5 cuts the line y = x + 10 at points A and B.
The midpoint of AB is point C. Show that point C lies on the line x + y = 11.
1. Find the intersection points A and B:

Substitute y from the line equation into the curve equation: x(x + 10) = 11x + 5
x² + 10x = 11x + 5 x² - x - 5 = 0
1. Use the quadratic formula to find x values:

x = (1 ± √21)/2 Let x₁ = (1 + √21)/2 and x₂ = (1 - √21)/2

1. Find corresponding y values:

y₁ = x₁ + 10 = (21 + √21)/2 y₂ = x₂ + 10 = (19 - √21)/2

1. Find the midpoint C:

xc = (x₁ + x₂)/2 = ((1 + √21)/2 + (1 - √21)/2)/2 = 1/2 * 2 = 1/2 yc = (y₁ + y₂)/2 = ((21 +
√21)/2 + (19 - √21)/2)/2 = 40/4 = 10 C = (1/2, 10.5)
1. Check if C lies on x + y = 11:
1/2 + 21/2 = 22/2 = 11. Thus, point C lies on the line x + y = 11.
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 1/2 + 21/2 = 22/2 = 11. Thus, point C lies on the line x + y = 11.
Question 14:

a. Show that 2x² + 5x - 3 can be written in the form a(x + b)² + c, where a, b,
and c are constants.
1. Complete the square:
2(x² + (5/2)x) - 3 2(x² + (5/2)x + (5/4)²) - 3 - 2*(5/4)² 2(x + 5/4)² - 3 - 25/8 2(x + 5/4)² - 49/8

b. Hence, write down the coordinates of the stationary point on the curve with equation y = 2x²
+ 5x - 3.
The stationary point is the vertex of the parabola: Coordinates: (-5/4, -49/8)

c. Sketch the graph of y = |2x² + 5x - 3|, stating the coordinates of the

intercepts with the axes.
1. Find the roots of 2x² + 5x - 3 = 0:

(2x - 1)(x + 3) = 0 x = 1/2, x = -3

1. Find the y-intercept:

When x = 0, y = |-3| = 3
1. Sketch the graph:
The graph is the absolute value of the parabola, so the part below the x-axis is reflected above
it. Intercepts: (-3, 0), (1/2, 0), and (0, 3) Vertex: (-5/4, 49/8)
d. Write down the value of k for which the equation |2x² + 5x - 3| = k has exactly 3 distinct
solutions.
The equation will have 3 distinct solutions when the horizontal line y = k intersects the graph at
3 points. This happens when k is equal to the y-coordinate of the vertex. k = 49/8
Question 15 from the provided Cambridge IGCSE Additional Mathematics paper is a multi-part
question focusing on quadratic functions and their graphs. Here's a breakdown of the solutions
and explanations for each part, suitable for a 9th-grade student:

(i) Write in the form , where and are constants.

This involves completing the square.

1. Halve the coefficient of x: Half of -9 is -4.5.
2. Square it: (-4.5)^2 = 20.25.
3. Rewrite the expression:

1. Simplify:

So, and .

(ii) Hence write down the coordinates of the minimum point on the curve .

The minimum point of a quadratic in the form is at . Therefore, the minimum

point is .
:
 point is .

(iii) On the axes below, sketch the graph of , showing the

coordinates of the points where the curve meets the coordinate axes.
1. Find the roots of :

This factors to , so the roots are and .

1. y-intercept: When , .
2. Sketch the graph:
○ Draw the original parabola (dashed).
○ Reflect the part of the parabola that is below the x-axis above the x-axis.
○ The graph of touches the x-axis at (1, 0) and (8, 0).
○ It passes through (0, 8).
○ The minimum point of the original (now reflected) part is at (4.5, 12.25).
3. Mark the coordinates:
The graph should show the points (1, 0), (8, 0), (0, 8) and (4.5, 12.25).

(iv) Write down the value of for which has exactly 3 solutions.

This occurs when the horizontal line intersects the graph of at exactly 3
points. This happens when is equal to the y-coordinate of the reflected minimum point.
Therefore, .
: