This Program is made Possible through the Code Officials Education & Training Fund.

Revenue for the Fund comes from Assessments on Building Permits.

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Potable Water Supply & Distributio n

Water Required
Structures for Human Occupancy
With plumbing fixtures
Shall be supplied with Potable Water

Potable vs. Nonpotable Water

Potable Definition
Water free from impurities present in amounts sufficient to cause disease or harmful physiological effects and conforming to the bacteriological and chemical quality requirements of the Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards or the regulations of the Public Health Authority having jurisdiction. jurisdiction.

Potable Water Required Section 602.2

To all fixtures supplying water for:
Drinking or Bathing Culinary or Food Processing Medical or Pharmaceutical products

Nonpotable Definition
Water not safe for drinking, personal or culinary utilization.

Definitions
Pollution
An impairment of the quality of the potable water to a degree that does not create a hazard to the public health but that does adversely and unreasonably affect the aesthetic qualities of such potable water for domestic use.

Water Supply vs Distribution

Water Supply System
The water service pipe, water distribution pipes, and the necessary connecting pipes, fittings, control valves and all appurtenances in or adjacent to the structure or premises

Water Service Pipe

The pipe from the water main or other source of potable water supply, or from the meter when the meter is at the public right of way, to the water distribution system of the building served

Water Distribution Pipe

A pipe within the structure or on the premises that conveys water from the water service pipe, or from the meter when the meter is at the structure, to the points of utilization

Water Supply & Distribution

Chapter 6

Protection & Trenching

Section 305 Protection Of Pipes & Plumbing System Components
Freezing & Sewer Depth subject to amendment
With present 48 deep for water 48 servicing piping To the top of the pipe

WATE R SUPPL Y

WATER SERVICE

Water Service Separation

Separation Of Water Service & Building Sewer Section 603.2
Two additions to the Exceptions Material from Table702.2 Water pipe crosses sewer and is sleeved
Five foot horizontally each side of sewer center line
BUILDING SEWER IN SEPARATE TRENCH 5 MINIMUM

Separation of Water Service & Building Sewer

UNEXCAVATED OR COMPACTED EARTH SEPARTING TRENCHES COMMON TRENCH

12 MIN.

WATER SERVICE

BUILDING SEWER

WATER SERVICE IN SEPARATE TRENCH

Appendix E
Sizing of Water Piping System
E101.1.1
Two procedures for water piping sizing
E103.3 Segmented loss method E201.1 Size of water-service mains, branch watermains and risers

Definition
Fixture Unit, Water-Supply Waterw.s.f.u.
A measure of the probable hydraulic demand on the water supply by various types of plumbing fixtures used to size water-piping systems. The waterwaterwatersupply fixture-unit value for a fixtureparticular fixture depends on its volume rate of supply on the time duration of a single supply operation and on the average time between successive operations.
From 2003 IRC definitions

Procedures based upon

Minimum static pressure System head charges
Friction & elevation

Necessary rate of flow

Definition
Drainage Fixture Unit (dfu)
A measure of the probable discharge into the drainage system by various types of plumbing fixtures. The drainage fixture-unit fixturevalue for a particular fixture depends on its volume rate of drainage discharge, on the time duration of a single drainage operation and on the average time between successive operations.
From the 2003 IPC / Chapter 2 Definitions

See next page of Handout for actual Table

Table 604.3
Water Distribution System Design Criteria Required Capacities At Fixture Supply Pipe Outlets
FIXTURE SUPPLY OUTLET SERVING FLOW RATE a GPM
Bathtub 8 Combination Fixture 8 Lavatory 8 Shower, temperature controlled 20 Water closet, tank, one piece 20 4 4

FLOW PRESSURE (psi)

Note: Slide is only a representation of Table 604.3

See next page of Handout for actual Table

Water Supply Connection With Reduced Size Flexible

Supply
Section 604.5

See next page of Handout for actual Table!

Table 604.5
Minimum Sizes Of Fixture Water Supply Pipes

FIXTURE PIPE SIZE (inch) Bathtubs (larger than 60 x 32) 1/2 Drinking fountain 3/8 Sinks, flushing rim

MINIMUM

3/4

Water closet, flush valve Water closet, flushometer tank 3/8

Note: Slide is a representation of Table 604.5

See next page of Handout for actual Table!

Application Sizing Water Service Pipe

Using The Following Information
Piping material
Type L copper

Using Table E103.3(2)

For estimating demand
Convert total building demand to flow rate in gallons

Water closets
Flush tanks

Total fixture demand

30 wsfu

Velocity to be maintained
10 ft / sec

Water service
No elevation change 100 ft water main to meter 90 psi M

Public Water Main

Sizing Water Service Pipe

Using Table E103.3(3)
For estimating demand
Convert total building demand to flow rate in gallons
30 wfsu = 23.3 gpm

Using Figure E103.3(3)

Determine smallest pipe size to convey
23.3 gpm/ velocity no greater than 10ft/sec gpm/

30 wfsu = 23.3 gpm

Sizing Water Service Pipe

Using Table E103.3(3)
For estimating demand
1 pipe @ approximate ly 9 feet per sec velocity

Convert total building demand to flow rate in gallons

30 wfsu = 23.3 gpm

23.3 gpm

Using Figure E103.3(3)

Determine smallest pipe size to convey
23.3 gpm/ velocity no greater than 10ft/sec gpm/
1 inch diameter pipe / @ 23.3 gpm @ 9 feet/ second

Determining Pressure Loss

Using Figure E 103.3(3)
At point of intersection with 1 inch Type L
Draw a vertical line and read/ interpolate
Bottom horizontal reading
23.3 gpm 1 pipe @ approximate ly 9 feet per sec velocity

1 pipe/ 100 100 length = pressure drop of 12 psi

Determining Pressure Loss

Using Figure E 103.3(3)
At point of intersection with 1 inch Type L
Draw a vertical line and read/ interpolate
Bottom horizontal reading 23.3 gpm / 10 ft/sec / 100 ft of 1 inch Type L Copper = pressure drop of 12 psi

Water Supply & Distribution

Tests Section 601.4
Potable water system testing As per
Section 312.5

Water Supply System Test Section 312.5 Test under water pressure
No less than working pressure

Calculate pressure loss

90 psi - 12 psi = 78 psi

Or air test, when other than plastic

Not less than 50 psi

Table 604.4

Water Distribution System Design

General - Section 604.1
Shall conform to accepted engineering practice

Maximum Flow Rates & Consumption For Plumbing Fixtures & Fixture Fittings
PLUMBING FIXTURE OR FIXTURE FITTING
Lavatory, private 60 psi Lavatory, public (metering) metering cycle Lavatory, public (other than metering)

MAXIMUM FLOW RATE OR QUANTITY

2.2 gpm at 0.25 gallon per

System Interconnection - Section 604.2

Provisions shall be made to
Prevent flow between hot and cold water at fixtures and devices

0.5 gpm at 60 psi

NOTE: 1. Slide is a representation of Table 604.4

Booster Systems

Water Pressure Booster System Required - Section 606.5.1

Water pressure insufficient for minimum pressures
Supply shall be supplemented

Support - Section 606.5.2

Water tanks shall be supported as per IBC
See next page of Handout for actual Table!

Pressure Control

Low-Pressure LowCutoff Required on Booster Pumps Low Pressure Section 606.5.5 Cutoff
Installed to prevent creation
Of a negative pressure on the suction

Prevents operation when

Supply pressure at inlet is less than 10psi

See next page of Handout for actual Table!

Valving Requirements
Section 606.1

DWELLIN G UNIT VALVE

MAIN WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPE

WATER SERVICE

STREET, ALLEY OR OTHER RIGHT-OFWAY

See next page of Handout for actual Table!

WATER METER METER VALVE SERVICE VALVE

CURB VALVE ON WATER SUPPLY KEY OPERATED

Shutoff Valves
Location Of Shutoff Valves Section 606.2
To be installed Fixture supply to each plumbing fixture Not bathtub & shower Water supply to each Sillcock & appliance

2-Piece, Full Port, Brass Ball Valves

Access To Valves - Section 606.3

To be provided to all Full open and shutoff valves

Stop Valves With Threaded Ends

Temperature Maintenance

Hot Water Supply System

Access & Identification

Access To Valves Section 606.3
Shall be provided to all required valving

Where Required Section 607.1

Residential Occupancies
Hot water to be supplied to all fixtures Bathing, washing, culinary, cleansing, laundry & building maintenance

Valve Identification Section 606.4

Service & hose bibb valves
Shall be identified

Non-Residential Occupancies Non Hot water to be supplied to all fixtures for culinary, cleansing, laundry, building maintenance Hot or tempered water for bathing & washing

Identification of valves in locations

Not adjacent to fixture

Thermal Expansion & Pressure Control

Fixture Flow
Flow Of Hot Water To Fixtures - Section 607.4

Pressure Reducing Valve Section 607.3.1

Systems up to 2 inch When thermal expansion causes pressure increase downstream Pressure reducing valve
Will ensure system longevity

Fixtures, faucets & diverters to be

Installed and adjusted for flow of hot water
To correspond to the left-hand leftside of the fixture fitting

Exception
Shower & tub mixing valves With hot water flow markings on the device

Water Heaters
Water Heater Labeling Section 501.5
Shall be third party certified

Relief Valves
ANSI Z21.22
Temperature rating of not more than 210 degrees F. Pressure setting not to exceed tank rating Rating not greater than 150 psi

Water Temperature Control In Piping From Tankless Heaters - Section 501.6

Maximum temperature of 140 degrees F.
When used for domestic purposes

Installed within shell of water heater and located within the top 6 inches of the tank

What do you mean that I am defeating its purpose?????

Relief Valve Discharge

Discharge - Section 504.6.1
Full size to safe place Outlet no
Threads, Valves, Tees

Required Pan - Section 504.7

If leakage can cause damage
Install in a galvanized steel pan
Or other approved pan

Potable & Nonpotable Water

Identification Of Potable & Nonpotable Water Section 608.8
Buildings with potable & nonpotable systems
Each system shall be identified

Color & Sizing

Color - Section 608.8.2
Color for piping identification
To be discernable and consistent

Information - Section 608.8.1

Piping identification shall include
Contents, Direction of flow, Hazard Identification to repeat at intervals of every 25 feet

Size - Section 608.8.3

Color field and lettering
To comply with Table 608.8.3

See next page for copy of Table

Table 608.1
Application Of Backflow Preventers
DEVICE APPLICABLE STANDARDS DEGREE OF APPLICATION HAZARD

Air gap fittings for use with plumbing fixtures, appliances & appurtenances

High or Low Hazard

Backsiphonage or backpressure

ASME A112.1.3

Antisiphon-type fill Antisiphonvalves for gravity water closet flush tanks

High hazard

Backsiphonage only

ASME 1002, CSACSAB125

Backflow preventer for carbonated beverage machines

Low hazard

Backpressure or backsiphonage Sizes 1/4-1 1/4inch

ASSE 1022

NOTE: 1. Table shows some of the areas and applications 2. Slide is representative of Table 608.1
See next page of Handout for actual Table!

Backflow Prevention

Protection Against Backflow

Backflow Protection Section 608.13

The following slides are applications of backflow prevention

With everyday application

A means of protection from backflow

Shall be provided

Air Gap Section 608.13.1

Minimum to be measured vertically
From lowest end of a potable water outlet To the flood level rim

Table 608.15.1
Minimum Required Air Gaps

Backflow Protection
Air Gap - Section 608.13.1 Backflow Preventers : Miscellaneous Products : Air Gap Drain

10

Backflow Protection
Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Preventers - Section 608.13.2 Backflow Preventers : Reduced Pressure Principle

Backflow Protection
Pressure Type Vacuum Breaker - Section 608.13.5

Backflow Prevention
Atmospheric Type Vacuum Breakers - Section 608.13.6

Backflow Prevention
Double Check Valve Assemblies - Section 608.13.7

11

Backflow Preventers : Double Check Valves

Double Check Detector Assembly

Backflow Protection
Spillproof Vacuum Breakers Section 608.13.8

See next page for actual copy of Table!

Measurement From Flood Level Rim To Effective Opening

Backflow Protection
Protection By Vacuum Breaker - Section 608.15.4
When protection is by atmospheric or pressure type vacuum breaker
Critical level is to be set minimum of 6 above 6 The flood level rim

Deck-Mounted & Integral DeckVacuum Breakers Section 608.15.4.1

Install per MFG Installation Instructions

12

Silcocks, Hose Bibbs

:

Backflow Preventers : Vacuum Breakers :

Hose Connections Section 608.15.4.2

Openings with hose connections
Protection to be by Atmospheric or pressure type vacuum breaker or permanently attached Hose connection vacuum breaker

Exceptions
Does not apply to water heater & boiler drains With hose threads Does not apply to water valves for clothes washing machines

Problem we are trying to avoid!!!

Connection To Potable Water System

Beverage Dispensers Section 608.16.1
Connection to carbonated beverage dispenser
Protection to be by a backflow preventer or air gap

Carbon dioxide gas

Is not to affect Piping downstream or the backflow preventer

13

Backflow Preventers : Miscellaneous Products

Dual Check Vacuum Breakers for Vending Machine Water Supply Lines

Boilers & Heat Exchangers

Connection To Boilers Section 608.16.2
To be equipped with
Backflow preventer / intermediate atmospheric vent

Dual Controls (Regulator and Relief Valve)

System with conditioning chemicals

Connection by air gap or reduced pressure principle backflow

Heat Exchangers Section 608.16.3

Essentially Toxic transfer fluid
Separation to be by double-wall doubleconstruction
With air gap open to atmosphere between walls

Nontoxic transfer fluid

Single wall construction may be used

Fire Sprinkler Systems

Connections To Automatic Fire Sprinkler Systems & Standpipe Systems Section 608.16.4 Protection to be obtained from
Double check-valve assembly or checkreduced principle backflow preventer

14

Fire Sprinkler Systems

Additives Or Nonpotable Source Section 608.16.4.1
Systems under continuous pressure containing
Chemical additives or antifreeze To be protected by Reduced pressure principle backflow preventer

Double Check Valve Assemblies, Cast Iron

Wall Hydrant With AntiAntiSiphon, Vacuum Breaker, Automatic Draining

Reduced Pressure Detector Assemblies, Stainless Steel

Reduced Pressure Zone Assemblies, Bronze

Automatic Washers
Water Connection Section 406.2
Water supply to be protected from backflow
Air gap is to be integral with the machine as per ASSE 1007 If installation of backflow preventer is necessary To be installed as per section 608 of this code

Dishwasher Connections

KITCHEN SINK

LOOP REQUIRED PER MANUFACTURERS INSTRUCTIONS

KITCHEN SINK

BRANCH TAILPIECE OF DISHWASHER TAILPIECE TO RECEIVE DISHWASHER WASTE CONNECTION MAY CONNECT DIRECTLY TO FOOD WASTE DISPOSER DISHWASHER

15

Flushing Devices
Flushing Devices Required Section 425.1
Water closet, urinal & trap type plumbing fixture
To be designed & installed to supply water

Bidets

Water Connection Section 408.2

Water supply to be protected
By an air gap or backflow preventer

Fill Valves Section 425.3.1

Flush tanks to be equipped with
Antisiphon fill valve Minimum 1 above 1 overflow

Installation to be in accordance with

Section 608.13

Water Supplies
Individual Water Supplies Section 602.3
To be used when a public water supply is not available Sources - Section 602.3.1
Wells Springs Streams or Cisterns NOTE
For Protection of Individual Water Supplies See Public Health Code / CGS 19a-36 19a-

Individual Water Supplies

Protection Of Individual Water Supplies - Section 608.17 (as amended)
An individual water supply shall be located and constructed so as to be safeguarded against contamination in accordance with the Public Health Code of the State of Connecticut adopted pursuant to Section 19a-36 19aof the Connecticut General Statutes

Water Quality
Individual Water Supplies
Quality to be approved by AHJ

System Disinfection
When Does A System Need To Be Disinfected?
General Section 610.1 New or repaired potable water systems shall be purged of deleterious matter and disinfected prior to utilization. Method of disinfection to be as prescribed by The Health Authority or Water Purveyor having jurisdiction

Disinfection of System Section 602.3.4

To be done after construction or major repair As per section 610 or as prescribed by the Health Authority

Pumps - Section 602.3.5

To be rated for Potable Water transfer

16

System Disinfection
Procedure For Disinfection
When no prescribed method exists
Procedure described in
AWWA C651 or AWWA C652

Piping Material
Water Service Pipe Section 605.3
To conform to
NSF 61 & Table 605.3

Or as described in this section

Pipe to be flushed with clean potable water Water chlorine solution / let stand 24 hr
50 parts per million minimum Or {200 parts per million for 3 hr}

Underground piping standards

To have a minimum pressure rating
Of 160 psi @ 73.4 degrees F

Flush to remove chlorine Repeat if contamination remains

Plastic pipe to terminate within 5 feet

Inside of exterior wall or slab penetration

Table 605.3
Water Service Pipe

MATERIAL

STANDARD

Stainless steel pipe (Type 304/304L)

ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778

Stainless steel pipe (Type 316/316L)

ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778

NOTE: 1. Table is only representative of the two areas within this table 2. Slide is representative of Table 605.3

See page of Handout for actual Table!

Table 605.4 Water Distribution Pipe

MATERIAL STANDARD
Polyethylene/ Aluminum/ Polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) (PE- ALcomposite pipe

ASTM F 1282

Stainless steel pipe (Type 304/304L)

ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778

Stainless steel pipe (Type 316/ 316L) A 778

ASTM A 312; ASTM

NOTE:

1. Table is only representative of the three areas within this table 2. Slide is representative of Table 605.4
See next page of Handout for actual Table!

17

Soil & Ground Water

Table 605.5 Pipe Fittings

MATERIAL STANDARD
Fittings for cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing 1960, ASTM F 2080 ASTM F 1807, ASTM F

Metal (brass) insert fittings for Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethyl ene (PE-AL-PE) & Cross-linked Polyethylene/ Aluminum/Polyethylene (PEXAL-PEX)

ASTM F 1974

Stainless steel (Type 304/304L)

ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778

Stainless steel (Type 316/316L)

ASTM A 312; ASTM A 778

NOTE: 1. Table shows four areas of this code 2. Slide is representative of Table 605.5

Additional Elements
Flexible Water Connectors Section 605.6
When exposed to continuous pressure
Shall conform to ASME A112.18.6

Valves - Section 605.7

Valves to be of an approved type
Compatible with system piping

Manufactured Pipe Nipples Section 605.8

To conform to the standards of
Table 605.8

See next page of Handout for actual Table!

Prohibited Joints & Connections

Cement or Concrete Joints
Do not effectively seal

Fittings Not Approved For The Installation

May cause premature failure

Solvent Cement Between Different Types of Plastic

Chemical composition is different
Improper bonding

Saddle Type Fittings

Flow reduction
Possible shifting if subject to impact See next page of Handout for actual Table!

18

Backflow Protection
Devices, Appurtenances, Appliances & Apparatus Section 608.3
Serving special functions
Shall be provided with backflow protection

Inspection And Testing Of Backflow Prevention Assemblies

Section 312.9
Inspection As Per
Sections 312.9.1 & 312.9.2
312.9.1 Inspections / IS DELETED BY 05 CT Supplement

Special Equipment, Water Supply Protection - Section 608.3.1

Hospital fixtures
Shall be protected against backflow

Section 312.9.2 Testing / IS AMENDED BY

05 CT Supplement Test at time of installation Owners responsibility to have tests performed
By properly qualified individuals or agencies

Chemicals & Cross Connection

Chemicals & Other Substances Section 608.5
Substances that produce toxic conditions
Shall not be introduced into the system

Reutilization
Reutilization Prohibited Section 608.9
Cooling and process water
Shall not be returned to the potable water system

Cross-Connection Control - Section Cross608.6

Cross connection is prohibited
Except where approved backflow protective means are installed

Reuse Of Piping - Section 608.10

Piping previously utilized for any purpose
Other than potable water
Not to be used for potable water

Private Water Supplies - Section 608.6.1

Cross connection of
Private to public water supply is prohibited

Hospital Water Service

Section 609.2

Health Care
Hot Water - Section 609.3
To be supplied to all equipment
Temperature shall be as specified by equipment manufacturer

Prohibited Water Closet & Clinical Sink Supply - Section 609.5

Jet or water supplied orifices
Not to be connected with water closet or clinical sink

19

Additional Chapter Sections

Drinking Water Treatment - Section 611
Design Section 611.1
To meet requirements of
NSF 42, 44, 53 or 62

Water Supply & Distribution

Additional Areas Of Concern
Solar Water Service Grounding Pressure Reducing Valves Manifold Systems

Solar Systems Section 612

All construction, installation, alteration & repair
To be in accordance with IMC To comply with ASSE 1017

Solar
Solar Energy Utilization Section 601.2
When used to heat potable water or
Using an independent medium

Water Service For Grounding

Existing Piping Used For Grounding Section 601.3
No replacement of existing with nonmetallic pipe
Until approved means of grounding is provided

It shall not compromise

Cross connection requirements Potable water supply

Reducing Valve or Regulator

Water Pressure Reducing Valve or Regulator - Section 604.8
For water pressure exceeding
80 psi static

Water Hammer
Water Hammer Section 604.9
To be installed
Where quick closing valves are utilized
Install per MFG installation instructions

Installation to reduce pressure in building water distribution

To 80 psi or less

20

Parallel System Manifolds

Parallel Water Distribution System Manifolds - Section 604.10
Hot and cold water manifolds connected in parallel System sizing
As per Table 604.10.1
Total gallons per minute is the demand of all outlets supplied

All individual fixture shutoff valves

Installed at the manifold shall be identified See next page of Handout for actual Table!

Pressure Balancing
Individual Pressure Balancing InInLine Valves for Individual Fixture Fittings Section 604.11
If installed they are to comply with
ASSE 1066

Board Of Health Concerns

Questions Asked By Audience Regarding Well pump wiring and application of the NEC

Installation to be accessible Not to be used alone for substitution of

Balanced pressure, thermostatic or combination shower valves

Well Pump Wiring

2005 National Electrical Code
NFPA 70
Does not breakdown the code into a well wiring section. Numerous sections of the code are used for installation. Complexity being dependent upon application. Such as wiring for a submersible well pump

Well Pump Wiring

Common Wiring Violations
Use of existing water pipe for electrical conduit
Not following code section 110.8
Of the 05 NEC

Use of non-listed piping for nonelectrical wires

Code Section 110.8
Of the 05 NEC

Omission of equipment grounding conductor to the pump

Code Section 250.4(A)3 & (A)5
Of the 05 NEC

21

Wiring Problems
Continuation Of Prior Slide
Failure to bond the well casing
Section 250.4(A)(4)
Of the 05 NEC

QUESTIONS ??

Use of single sleeve to well shaft from building that includes both wires and water pipe
Sections 300.8 and 300.10
Of the 05 NEC

22