MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED TOPICS IN RADIOLOGY THEORY EXAMS

CNS (CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM)

1. Brain tumors (gliomas, glioblastoma multiforme, classification and imaging)
2. Posterior fossa tumors in children (medulloblastoma, ependymoma, pilocytic astrocytoma)
3. Cerebral venous thrombosis (causes, CT and MRI findings)
4. Stroke (acute ischemic) - imaging protocols and intervention
5. Multiple sclerosis and demyelinating diseases of brain and spinal cord
6. Intracranial aneurysms and vascular malformations
7. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (causes and imaging)
8. Ring-enhancing lesions of brain (differential diagnosis)
9. Epilepsy imaging and mesial temporal sclerosis
10. Sellar and parasellar lesions (craniopharyngioma, pituitary adenomas)
11. Cerebral infections (tuberculosis, fungal, parasitic)
12. Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in term and preterm neonates
13. Neurocutaneous syndromes (neurofibromatosis types I & II, tuberous sclerosis, Sturge-Weber)
14. Cerebellopontine angle masses (differential diagnosis)
15. CSF rhinorrhea - imaging assessment
16. CNS manifestations of HIV/AIDS
17. MR spectroscopy in brain tumors
18. Diffusion and perfusion imaging in brain pathologies
19. Craniovertebral junction abnormalities
20. Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation
21. Spinal dysraphism and neural tube defects
22. Arnold Chiari malformation (types and imaging)
23. White matter diseases (classification and imaging)
24. Spinal cord tumors (intramedullary, extramedullary intradural, extradural)
25. Cerebral venous system anatomy
26. MRI protocol for epilepsy
27. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
28. Hydrocephalus (types and imaging)
29. Cystic lesions of posterior fossa
30. Brain atrophy patterns

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MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED TOPICS IN RADIOLOGY THEORY EXAMS

CHEST
1. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) and HRCT patterns
2. Solitary pulmonary nodule evaluation (benign vs. malignant)
3. Lung cancer imaging and staging (TNM)
4. Pulmonary tuberculosis (primary and post-primary)
5. Pulmonary thromboembolism (diagnosis and management)
6. Mediastinal masses (anatomical compartment-based approach)
7. Anterior mediastinal masses
8. Middle mediastinal masses
9. Posterior mediastinal masses
10. Lobar collapse (radiological signs of different lobes)
11. Pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients
12. Pneumoconiosis (silicosis, asbestosis, coal worker's pneumoconiosis)
13. Pleural diseases (effusion, empyema, mesothelioma)
14. Pneumothorax (types and management)
15. Bronchiectasis
16. Congenital lung anomalies (sequestration, CPAM)
17. Pulmonary edema (cardiogenic vs. non-cardiogenic)
18. ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
19. Aspergillosis and fungal infections of lung
20. Thoracic trauma imaging
21. Unilateral hyperlucent/hypertranslucent hemithorax
22. Diaphragmatic abnormalities (hernia, rupture, eventration)
23. Sarcoidosis (staging and imaging)
24. Bronchial carcinoid
25. Metastatic pulmonary nodules
26. COVID-19 chest imaging features
27. Pulmonary hypertension
28. Respiratory distress in neonates
29. Hemoptysis (causes and management)
30. Thoracic lines and tubes on chest radiographs

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MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED TOPICS IN RADIOLOGY THEORY EXAMS

CVS (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM)

1. Congenital heart diseases (classification and imaging)
2. Cyanotic heart diseases
3. Acyanotic heart diseases
4. Coronary artery disease and CT coronary angiography
5. Coronary artery anatomy and variations
6. Aortic dissection (Stanford and DeBakey classification)
7. Aortic aneurysms (thoracic and abdominal)
8. Valvular heart diseases (mitral stenosis, regurgitation)
9. Cardiac MRI in ischemic heart disease (perfusion, viability)
10. Cardiomyopathies (dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive)
11. Coarctation of aorta
12. Tetralogy of Fallot
13. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC)
14. Truncus arteriosus
15. Cardiac tumors (myxoma, rhabdomyoma)
16. Pericardial diseases (effusion, constrictive pericarditis)
17. Superior vena cava syndrome
18. Pulmonary hypertension
19. Carotid artery disease and Doppler assessment
20. Deep vein thrombosis and venous insufficiency
21. Peripheral vascular disease
22. Vascular malformations (classification)
23. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations
24. Ebstein's anomaly
25. Scimitar syndrome
26. Left-to-right cardiac shunts
27. Arterial and venous anatomy of lower limb
28. AV fistula assessment for hemodialysis
29. McLeod's syndrome
30. Triple rule-out CT angiography

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MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED TOPICS IN RADIOLOGY THEORY EXAMS

HEPATOBILIARY
1. Focal liver lesions in cirrhotic liver (LI-RADS)
2. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis and management
3. Benign liver masses (hemangioma, FNH, adenoma)
4. Cirrhosis and portal hypertension
5. Liver transplant imaging (donor evaluation, complications)
6. Biliary tract anatomy
7. Bile duct tumors (cholangiocarcinoma)
8. Biliary atresia (imaging evaluation)
9. Choledochal cysts (Todani classification)
10. Budd-Chiari syndrome
11. Portal vein thrombosis
12. Gallbladder carcinoma and staging
13. Bile duct strictures
14. MRCP applications and technique
15. Triple-phase CT protocol for liver
16. Liver trauma (grading and management)
17. Fatty liver disease evaluation
18. Hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction
19. Caroli's disease
20. Interventional procedures for portal hypertension
21. Pancreas divisum
22. Anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal junction
23. von Meyenburg complex
24. Fibro-lamellar HCC
25. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)
26. Hepatic infections (abscess, hydatid)
27. MR contrast agents specific for liver
28. Segmental anatomy of liver
29. Vascular complications in liver transplant
30. Post-ERCP complications

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MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED TOPICS IN RADIOLOGY THEORY EXAMS

GIT (GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT)

1. Acute pancreatitis (grading, complications, management)
2. Chronic pancreatitis
3. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (imaging and staging)
4. Neuroendocrine tumors of pancreas
5. Cystic lesions of pancreas (IPMN, serous, mucinous)
6. Small bowel obstruction (causes and imaging)
7. Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's vs. ulcerative colitis)
8. Intestinal tuberculosis vs. Crohn's disease
9. Gastrointestinal lymphoma
10. Esophageal motility disorders (achalasia)
11. Esophageal malignancies
12. Gastric carcinoma (imaging findings)
13. Mesenteric ischemia (causes and imaging)
14. Gastrointestinal bleeding (upper and lower)
15. Polypoidal lesions of colon
16. Colorectal carcinoma
17. Retroperitoneal fibrosis
18. Retroperitoneal masses
19. Intestinal malrotation and midgut volvulus
20. Gastroesophageal junction abnormalities
21. Hiatal hernia
22. H. pylori associated diseases
23. Gastric ulcers (benign vs. malignant)
24. Perianal fistulas (classification and MRI)
25. Small bowel tumors
26. Malabsorption syndrome
27. Diverticular disease
28. Appendicitis imaging
29. Acute abdomen differential diagnosis
30. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN)

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MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED TOPICS IN RADIOLOGY THEORY EXAMS

GENITOURINARY SYSTEM
1. Renal masses (solid and cystic)
2. Renal cell carcinoma (imaging and staging)
3. Renal cystic lesions (Bosniak classification)
4. Urinary tract obstruction
5. Renal trauma (AAST grading)
6. Renal transplant imaging and complications
7. Genitourinary tuberculosis
8. Adrenal masses (adenoma vs. non-adenoma)
9. Pheochromocytoma
10. Testicular masses (benign vs. malignant)
11. Acute scrotum (torsion, epididymo-orchitis)
12. Prostate cancer imaging (MRI, TRUS-guided biopsy)
13. PIRADS in prostate evaluation
14. Bladder tumors
15. Urethral strictures
16. Scrotal pathologies
17. Retroperitoneal masses
18. Vesicoureteral reflux
19. Congenital urinary tract anomalies
20. Varicocele
21. Erectile dysfunction imaging
22. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
23. MR urography technique and applications
24. CT urography technique and applications
25. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
26. Perinephric abscesses and collections
27. Renovascular hypertension
28. Hydronephrosis causes
29. Multicystic dysplastic kidney
30. Transitional cell carcinoma

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MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED TOPICS IN RADIOLOGY THEORY EXAMS

OBS AND GYNAE (OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY)

1. First trimester bleeding (causes and imaging)
2. Ectopic pregnancy
3. Placental abnormalities (placenta accreta spectrum)
4. Morbidly adherent placenta
5. Fetal MRI (indications, technique, protocol)
6. Mullerian duct anomalies (classification and imaging)
7. Endometrial carcinoma (staging and imaging)
8. Ovarian tumors and masses (characterization)
9. Adnexal masses (differential diagnosis)
10. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
11. Fetal Doppler parameters
12. Gestational trophoblastic disease
13. Pelvic inflammatory disease
14. Twin pregnancy (chorionicity, amnionicity)
15. Twin-twin transfusion syndrome
16. Female infertility (causes and imaging)
17. Hysterosalpingography
18. Sonosalpingography
19. Post-menopausal bleeding
20. Cervical carcinoma
21. Pelvic endometriosis
22. Uterine fibroids
23. Adenomyosis
24. Congenital anomalies detection
25. Nuchal translucency measurement
26. Polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios
27. PC-PNDT Act requirements
28. Follicular monitoring
29. Ovarian torsion
30. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

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MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED TOPICS IN RADIOLOGY THEORY EXAMS

HEAD AND NECK

1. Orbital lesions and proptosis (differential diagnosis)
2. Thyroid nodules (TI-RADS)
3. Neck spaces anatomy
4. Infrahyoid spaces
5. Suprahyoid spaces
6. Salivary gland tumors
7. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
8. Sinonasal pathologies
9. Fungal sinusitis
10. Temporal bone imaging for cochlear implant
11. Congenital sensorineural hearing loss
12. Inner ear anomalies
13. Carotid space lesions
14. Carotid body tumors
15. Masticator space lesions
16. Parapharyngeal space lesions
17. Laryngeal tumors (staging)
18. Cystic lesions of jaw
19. White reflex in children
20. Perineural spread of head and neck malignancy
21. Retropharyngeal abscess
22. Osteomeatal complex anatomy
23. FESS (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery) imaging
24. Paranasal sinus anatomy
25. Branchial cleft cysts
26. Thyroglossal duct cysts
27. Base of skull lesions
28. Ocular ultrasound
29. Optic glioma
30. Carotid cavernous fistula

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MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED TOPICS IN RADIOLOGY THEORY EXAMS

PHYSICS AND EQUIPMENT

1. X-ray tube components and function
2. Rotating anode X-ray tube
3. Radiation protection principles (ALARA)
4. Digital radiography vs computed radiography
5. CT dose reduction techniques
6. MRI principles and basic physics
7. MRI sequences (T1W, T2W, FLAIR, DWI)
8. Contrast media (iodinated) - types and reactions
9. Gadolinium contrast - safety and NSF
10. Ultrasound physics principles
11. Doppler effect and applications
12. PACS components and function
13. Radiation units (Roentgen, Gray, Sievert)
14. Radiation effects (stochastic and deterministic)
15. Scatter radiation and reduction techniques
16. Film contrast factors
17. Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)
18. PC-PNDT Act documentation
19. AERB guidelines for equipment installation
20. Lead aprons (conventional and zero lead)
21. Quality control in radiology
22. MRI artifacts
23. CT artifacts
24. Mammography equipment specifications
25. Dual energy CT principles
26. Beam restricting devices
27. Radiographic contrast factors
28. Photoelectric effect
29. Grid ratio and function
30. Mammography quality control

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MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED TOPICS IN RADIOLOGY THEORY EXAMS

RADIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY

1. Radiofrequency ablation (principles and applications)
2. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for HCC
3. Uterine artery embolization
4. Bronchial artery embolization for hemoptysis
5. Endovascular management of intracranial aneurysms
6. Carotid artery stenting
7. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)
8. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD)
9. Percutaneous nephrostomy
10. Percutaneous abscess drainage
11. TRUS-guided prostate biopsy
12. Vascular malformation embolization
13. Acute stroke intervention
14. Vertebroplasty indications and technique
15. Management of GI bleeding interventions
16. Embolization techniques for trauma
17. Renal artery angioplasty
18. CT-guided biopsies
19. Vascular access devices
20. Inferior vena cava filter placement
21. Interventional management of portal hypertension
22. Transjugular liver biopsy
23. Carbon dioxide angiography
24. Renal denervation for hypertension
25. Contrast agents used in intervention
26. Fibroid embolization
27. Embolizing agents (types and applications)
28. Balloon angioplasty
29. Biliary stenting
30. Variceal bleeding management

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MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED TOPICS IN RADIOLOGY THEORY EXAMS

RECENT ADVANCES AND TECHNIQUES

1. Ultrasound elastography techniques
2. MR elastography
3. PET-CT applications in oncology
4. PET-MR hybrid imaging
5. CT perfusion imaging (brain and other organs)
6. MR spectroscopy (brain tumors and other applications)
7. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
8. Tractography
9. Functional MRI
10. BOLD imaging
11. 3D and 4D ultrasound applications
12. Dual energy CT applications
13. Molecular imaging
14. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound
15. Artificial intelligence in radiology
16. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)
17. Fusion imaging
18. Digital breast tomosynthesis
19. MR perfusion techniques
20. Cone beam CT
21. Flat panel detectors
22. Mobile CT technology
23. Zero lead apron technology
24. Tissue harmonic imaging
25. Spatial compound imaging
26. Radionuclide theranostics
27. MR-guided interventions
28. Chemical shift imaging
29. Parallel imaging in MRI
30. Fat suppression techniques in MRI

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MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED TOPICS IN RADIOLOGY THEORY EXAMS

MUSCULOSKELETAL
1. Bone tumors classification (benign vs. malignant)
2. Osteosarcoma variants and imaging
3. Ewing's sarcoma
4. Osteomyelitis (acute, chronic, specific types)
5. Joint diseases (rheumatoid arthritis imaging)
6. Avascular necrosis (staging and MRI findings)
7. Metabolic bone disorders
8. Trauma imaging protocols
9. Shoulder rotator cuff pathologies
10. Knee meniscal tears and classification
11. Spinal tuberculosis (Pott's disease)
12. Femoroacetabular impingement
13. Developmental dysplasia of hip
14. Hemolytic anemias affecting bones (thalassemia, sickle cell)
15. Periosteal reactions patterns
16. Hyperparathyroidism skeletal manifestations
17. Scoliosis measurement
18. Bone marrow disorders on MRI
19. Soft tissue tumors
20. Lipoma arborescens
21. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
22. Skeletal manifestations of renal osteodystrophy
23. SLAP lesions
24. MR arthrography indications and technique
25. Stress fractures
26. Battered baby syndrome
27. Bone age assessment
28. Osteochondral lesions
29. Bone metastases imaging
30. Myositis ossificans

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MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED TOPICS IN RADIOLOGY THEORY EXAMS

ANATOMY-BASED
1. Circle of Willis anatomy
2. Neck spaces (infrahyoid and suprahyoid)
3. Liver segmental anatomy
4. Portal venous system
5. Craniovertebral junction
6. Rotator cuff components
7. Diaphragm anatomy and relations
8. Coronary artery anatomy and variations
9. Retroperitoneal spaces
10. Perinephric spaces
11. Carotid vascular system
12. Bile duct and pancreatic duct anatomy
13. Inner ear cross-sectional anatomy
14. Sella turcica anatomy
15. Osteomeatal complex
16. Orbital anatomy
17. Knee joint anatomy on MRI
18. Shoulder anatomy
19. Gastroesophageal junction
20. Pelvic anatomy
21. Laryngeal anatomy
22. Paranasal sinuses
23. Bronchopulmonary segmental anatomy
24. Mediastinal compartments (ITMIG classification)
25. Pancreatic segments
26. Penile circulation
27. Venous anatomy of lower limbs
28. Uterine and adnexal anatomy on MRI
29. Wrist anatomy
30. Temporal bone anatomy

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