Numpy

NumPy is a powerful open-source scientific package that stands for Numerical Python. It uses
mathematical and logical operations for handling large datasets through n-dimensional arrays
that speeds up data processing.

ARRAYS - An ordered collection of values of

same data type that can be arranged in one or
more dimensions.
One dimensional array is called VECTOR
Two dimensional array is called MATRIX
An array with multiple dimension is called an n-dimensional array

In [ ]: import numpy as np

In [ ]: #One dimensional Array

a=np.array([3,4,6])
print(a)

In [ ]: #Two dimensional Array

a=np.array([[3,4,6],[7,5,4]])
print(a)

In [ ]: #Create a sequential 1 D array with values as multiples of 10 from 10 to 100

b=np.arange(10,101,10)
print(b)

In [ ]: a=np.ones((3,4))
print(a)

In [ ]: a=np.zeros((4,5))
print(a)

In [ ]: a=np.full((4,5),7)
print(a)

In [ ]: a=np.eye(4,4)
print(a)

Using Mathematical Operators on Integer

Array
In [ ]: a=np.array([1,2,4])
b=np.array([3,5,7])
print(a+b)
print(a-b)
print(a*b)
print(a/b)
print(a**2)
print(a//b)
print(a%b)

Some Important Functions

In [ ]: #type of an object
type(a)

In [ ]: #check the dimension of an array

c=np.array([[3,4,5,6],[5,8,6,4]])
print(c.ndim)

In [ ]: # length of array dimensions

print(c.shape)

In [ ]: #counts the number of elements

print(c.size)

In [ ]: # datatype of elements stored in the array

print(c.dtype)

In [ ]: #sort the array

d=np.array([6,34,22,26,74,36,64,38])
print(np.sort(d))
​

Statistical Functions
In [ ]: #maximum value in the element of the array
print(c.max())

In [ ]: #minimum value in the element of the array

print(c.min())

In [ ]: #sum of all the values in the given array

print(c.sum())
In [ ]: # prod- gives multiplication of array
​
m=np.array([4,2,3,9,7])
y=np.prod(m)
print(y)

In [ ]: # mean- gives average

​
y=np.mean(m)
print(y)

In [ ]: # median- gives middle value of array (first sorts and then gives middle value
​
m=np.array([4,2,3,9,7]) #as values are odd so gives centre value
y=np.median(m)
print(y)

In [ ]: m=np.array([4,2,3,6,9,7])
y=np.median(m) # as values are even so gives average of middle 2
print(y)

Pandas
Pandas is an open-source python library used for data manipulation and analysis

In [ ]: import pandas as pd

In [ ]: d1=pd.read_csv("Countrywise_coviddata.csv") #import data fil

print(d1.head()) #prints first 5

In [ ]: print(d1.head(10)) #prints the mentioned number of records

In [ ]: print(d1.tail()) #prints last 5 records

In [ ]: d2=d1.sort_values(by="Deaths", ascending=False) #ascending=True(Ascendin

print(d2.head(10))

In [ ]: d3=d1.drop(["Deaths","Confirmed","Active"], axis=1) #deletes the colu

print(d3.head())
d3.shape

In [ ]: #Isolate a column
​
d1["Recovered"]
In [ ]: #Isolate rows
​
d1[3:10]

Data Visualisaton

Matplotlib comes with various plotting modules

which provide an easy interface for creating 2
D plots
In [ ]: import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

In [ ]: #Bar Plot
​
x=np.array(["Rohan", "Aarti", "Suniti", "Raghav", "Anshika"])
y=np.array([145,367,235,463,486])
plt.bar(x,y)
plt.show()

In [ ]: #Bar Plot
​
x=np.array(["Rohan", "Aarti", "Suniti", "Raghav", "Anshika"])
y=np.array([145,367,235,463,486])
plt.bar(x,y,color=["red","green","Blue","Orange","yellow"],edgecolor=['black',
plt.title("Result")
plt.xlabel("Names of the Students")
plt.ylabel("Marks")
plt.show()

 

In [ ]: #Scatter Plot
​
x=np.array(["Rohan", "Aarti", "Suniti", "Raghav", "Anshika"])
y=np.array([145,367,235,463,486])
plt.scatter(x,y)
plt.show()

In [ ]: #Line Plot
​
x=np.array(["Rohan", "Aarti", "Suniti", "Raghav", "Anshika"])
y=np.array([145,367,235,463,486])
plt.plot(x,y)
plt.show()
In [ ]: #Line Plot
​
x=np.array(["Rohan", "Aarti", "Suniti", "Raghav", "Anshika"])
y=np.array([145,367,235,463,486])
plt.plot(x,y,marker="*",ms=10, mec="red",mfc="green",linewidth=4,linestyle="do
plt.title("Result Comparison")
plt.xlabel("Name of the Students")
plt.ylabel("Marks")
plt.show()

In [ ]: #Pie Chart
​
m=np.array(['Soham','Raghav','Riya','Arjun'])
n=np.array([78,45,89,67])
plt.pie(y,labels=x)
plt.show()

In [ ]: #Histogram
​
a=[45,35,78,46,25,23,57,85,34,90,45,35,64,45]
plt.hist(a)
plt.show()

Image Processing

OpenCV stands for Open-Source Computer

Vision Library that helps the computer to
understand the content of digital images
In [ ]: import cv2

In [ ]: #Load Image File into Memory

​
img=cv2.imread('Shah.jpg')
plt.imshow(img) #Display Image on Graph
plt.axis('Off') # Hide X and Y Axis
plt.title('Shah Rukh')

OpenCV represents the images in BGR as opposed to the RGB we expect. Since it is in the
reverse order, you tend to see the blue color in images. We will use the following code for
converting from BGR to RGB

In [ ]: img1 = cv2.imread('Shah.jpg') #Load the image fil

plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(img1, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
plt.title('Shah Rukh') # Adds Title
​
In [ ]: img3=cv2.imread('shah.jpg')
gray=cv2.cvtColor(img3,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) #converts image int
plt.imshow(gray,cmap='gray')

In [ ]: # Check the size of Image

​
print(img3.shape)

In [ ]: # Resizing an Image
resized = cv2.resize(img, (360,640))
plt.imshow(cv2.cvtColor(resized, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB))
print(resized.shape)

In [ ]: # Flip an Image
img5=cv2.flip(img,0) # 0 - flip vertical, 1-
plt.imshow(img5)

In [ ]: imgcropped=img[500:650,200:900]
plt.imshow(imgcropped)

In [ ]: #Edge Detection
​
img9=cv2.imread('shah.jpg')
edge=cv2.Canny(img9, 200,200)
plt.imshow(edge)

In [ ]: #Saving an image to your system

​
cv2.imwrite('Gray.jpg',img9)