Combined Mathematics Formula

Sheet
Sequences & Series, Complex Numbers,
Trigonometry, Sets
For Class 11 - Boards and JEE

Name: Class/Section:

Contents
1 Quick Revision 2

2 Sequences and Series 3

2.1 Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Geometric Progression (G.P.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.3 Harmonic Progression (H.P.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.4 A.M., G.M., H.M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3 Complex Numbers 3
3.1 Algebra of Complex Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2 Polar Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.3 Euler’s Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.4 De Moivre’s Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.5 Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

4 Trigonometric Functions 4
4.1 Basic Identities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.2 Multiple Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.3 Sum and Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4.4 Product to Sum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

5 Trigonometric Equations 5
5.1 General Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5.2 Special Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

6 Sets 5
6.1 Basic Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6.2 Important Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6.3 Laws of Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1
1 Quick Revision

A.P. tn = a + (n − 1)d, Sn = n2 [2a + (n − 1)d]

a(rn −1)
G.P. tn = arn−1 , Sn = r−1
(r ̸= 1)

p y
arg z = tan−1


Complex No. z = x + iy, |z| = x2 + y 2 , x

Trig Identities sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1, tan θ = sin θ

cos θ

Trig Eqns sin θ = sin α ⇒ θ = nπ + (−1)n α

Sets n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) − n(A ∩ B)

Class 11 - Mathematics Formula Sheet Page 2

2 Sequences and Series
2.1 Arithmetic Progression (A.P.)

nth term: tn = a + (n − 1)d

Sum of n terms: Sn = n2 [2a + (n − 1)d]
Sum of first n natural numbers: Sn = n(n+1)
2

2.2 Geometric Progression (G.P.)

nth term: tn = arn−1 n −1)

Sum of n terms: Sn = a(rr−1 , (r ̸= 1)
a
Sum to infinity (|r| < 1): S∞ = 1−r

2.3 Harmonic Progression (H.P.)

Terms of H.P. are reciprocals of terms of an A.P.

If tn is the nth term of an A.P., then Hn = t1n

2.4 A.M., G.M., H.M.

Arithmetic Mean (A.M.): A = a+b

√2
Geometric Mean (G.M.): G = ab
2ab
Harmonic Mean (H.M.): H = a+b

Tips & Tricks

If A.M., G.M., H.M. between two numbers: A≥G≥H

3 Complex Numbers
3.1 Algebra of Complex Numbers

z = x + iy (Cartesian form)
x − iy
Conjugate: z̄ = p
Modulus: |z| = x2 + y 2

Argument: arg z = tan−1 xy

3.2 Polar Form

z = r(cos θ + i sin θ), where r = |z|, θ = arg z

Class 11 - Mathematics Formula Sheet Page 3

3.3 Euler’s Form
z = reiθ

3.4 De Moivre’s Theorem

[r(cos θ + i sin θ)]n = rn [cos(nθ) + i sin(nθ)]

3.5 Properties

|z1 z2 | = |z1 | · |z2 |

arg(z1 z2 ) = arg z1 + arg z2
|z1 /z2 | = |z1 |/|z2 |
arg(z1 /z2 ) = arg z1 − arg z2

4 Trigonometric Functions
4.1 Basic Identities
sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
1 + tan2 θ = sec2 θ
1 + cot2 θ = csc2 θ

4.2 Multiple Angles

sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ

cos 2θ = cos2 θ − sin2 θ = 2 cos2 θ − 1 = 1 − 2 sin2 θ
2 tan θ
tan 2θ = 1−tan 2θ

4.3 Sum and Difference

sin(A ± B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B
cos(A ± B) = cos A cos B ∓ sin A sin B
tan A±tan B
tan(A ± B) = 1∓tan A tan B

4.4 Product to Sum

2 sin A sin B = cos(A − B) − cos(A + B)
2 cos A cos B = cos(A − B) + cos(A + B)
2 sin A cos B = sin(A + B) + sin(A − B)

Class 11 - Mathematics Formula Sheet Page 4

 Tips & Tricks
Graphs of sin θ and cos θ are periodic with period 2π. Graph of tan θ is periodic
with period π.

5 Trigonometric Equations
5.1 General Solutions
sin θ = sin α ⇒ θ = nπ + (−1)n α
cos θ = cos α ⇒ θ = 2nπ ± α
tan θ = tan α ⇒ θ = nπ + α

5.2 Special Cases

sin θ = 0 ⇒ θ = nπ
cos θ = 0 ⇒ θ = π2 + nπ
tan θ = 0 ⇒ θ = nπ

Tips & Tricks

Remember quadrant signs: - All positive → Quadrant I - Sin positive → Quadrant
II - Tan positive → Quadrant III - Cos positive → Quadrant IV

6 Sets
6.1 Basic Operations

Union: A ∪ B
Intersection: A ∩ B
Difference: A − B = {x ∈ A | x ∈
/ B}
′
Complement: A = U − A

6.2 Important Formulas

n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) − n(A ∩ B)

n(A′ ∪ B ′ ) = n(U ) − n(A ∩ B)
n(A ∩ B ′ ) = n(A) − n(A ∩ B)

Class 11 - Mathematics Formula Sheet Page 5

6.3 Laws of Sets
Idempotent Law: A ∪ A = A, A ∩ A = A
Domination Law: A ∪ U = U , A ∩ ∅ = ∅
De Morgan’s Laws: (A ∪ B)′ = A′ ∩ B ′ , (A ∩ B)′ = A′ ∪ B ′

Tips & Tricks

Venn diagrams are very useful for solving set problems visually!

Class 11 - Mathematics Formula Sheet Page 6