Chapter-wise Essential Biology Diagrams - HSC 12th Board
## Chapter-wise List of Essential Biology Diagrams for HSC 12th Board
Focusing on the right diagrams can help you score higher in your HSC Biology exam. Here is a chapter-wise
breakdown of the most important diagrams you should practice and master:
1. Reproduction in Flowering Plants
- Section of young anther
- Anatropous ovule (V.S.)
- Embryo sac (female gametophyte)
- Germinating pollen grain
- Double fertilization process
2. Human Reproduction & Reproductive Health
- Male reproductive system
- Female reproductive system
- Mammary gland structure
- Human sperm (microscopic structure)
- Oogenesis and spermatogenesis
3. Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Mendelian crosses (monohybrid, dihybrid)
- Law of independent assortment (checkerboard)
- Pedigree analysis chart
- Types of chromosomes based on centromere position
4. Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Watson and Crick model of DNA
- DNA replication (replication fork)
- Nucleosome structure
- Transcriptional unit
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Chapter-wise Essential Biology Diagrams - HSC 12th Board
- Lac operon (on/off)
- Meselson and Stahls experiment
5. Origin and Evolution of Life
- Urey and Millers experiment
- Hardy-Weinberg principle (graph)
- Fossil diagrams
- Connecting links (e.g., Archaeopteryx)
6. Plant Water Relation
- Structure of root hair
- Plasmolysis diagram
- Water absorption and transport in plants
7. Plant Growth and Mineral Nutrition
- Growth curve (sigmoid curve)
- Structure of meristematic tissue
8. Respiration and Circulation
- Human heart (internal structure, ventral view)
- Conducting system of human heart
- Types of blood vessels
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) waves
- Types of leucocytes
9. Control and Co-ordination
- Human brain (lateral view)
- Reflex arc
- T.S. of thyroid gland
- Pituitary gland structure
- Human eye (anatomy)
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Chapter-wise Essential Biology Diagrams - HSC 12th Board
- Formation of spinal nerve
10. Human Health and Diseases
- Antibody molecule
- Life cycle of Plasmodium vivax (malaria)
- Life cycle of retrovirus (HIV)
- Blood group compatibility chart
11. Enhancement of Food Production
- Emasculation and bagging in plant breeding
- Tissue culture technique
- Biocontrol agents
12. Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Bioreactor
- Agarose gel electrophoresis
- pBR322 plasmid map
- Steps of PCR
- Recombinant DNA technology
13. Biotechnology and Its Applications
- DNA fingerprinting technique
- Transgenic animal representation
14. Organisms and Populations
- Age pyramids (expanding, stable, declining)
- Population growth curves
- Examples of commensalism, parasitism (with diagrams)
15. Ecosystem and Energy Flow
- Food chain and food web
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Chapter-wise Essential Biology Diagrams - HSC 12th Board
- Ecological pyramids (number, biomass, energy)
- Biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus)
16. Biodiversity, Conservation, and Environmental Issues
- Biodiversity hotspots (map/diagram)
- Ozone layer depletion (diagram)
- Greenhouse effect (diagram)
Tips for Diagram Preparation
- Practice drawing each diagram neatly and label all parts clearly.
- Use a pencil for diagrams in the exam for clarity and neatness.
- Focus on diagrams that have been repeatedly asked in previous years.
- Review textbook diagrams and those highlighted in previous year question analyses for each chapter.
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