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Kinetics and Catalysis PEP222 Handout

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20 views8 pages

Kinetics and Catalysis PEP222 Handout

Uploaded by

palmer okiemute
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Federal Polytechnic [Insert Name]

Department of Chemical Engineering


Course Title: Kinetics and Catalysis of Chemical Processes

Course Code: PEP 222

Level: ND II

Lecturer: [Insert Name]

Academic Session: 2024/2025


Table of Contents
1. 1. Importance of Chemical Reactors in Petroleum and Gas Processing
2. 2. Rate Mechanism and Utilization of Kinetic Data
3. 3. Basic Design of Single Homogeneous Ideal Reactors
4. 4. Fundamental Principles of Catalysis, Catalysts, and Catalytic Reactions
5. 5. Catalytic Materials and Their Properties
6. 6. Methods of Catalyst Preparation and Characterization
1. Importance of Chemical Reactors in Petroleum and Gas Processing
Chemical reactors play a critical role in converting raw hydrocarbons into useful products
like fuels and chemicals. In petroleum and gas industries, their efficiency determines overall
plant performance.

Key factors in reactor design include:

• Reaction type (exothermic/endothermic)


• Heat and mass transfer
• Residence time
• Catalyst use
• Safety and economics

Reaction rates depend on:


• Temperature
• Concentration
• Pressure
• Presence of catalyst
2. Rate Mechanism and Utilization of Kinetic Data
Homogeneous reactions occur in a single phase. Elementary reactions happen in one step;
non-elementary reactions have multiple steps.

Key concepts:

• Molecularity: Number of molecules in a step


• Reaction order: Power sum in rate law
• Rate constant: Depends on temperature (Arrhenius Equation)

Rate = k[A]^n
Arrhenius: k = Ae^(-Ea/RT)
3. Basic Design of Single Homogeneous Ideal Reactors
Reactor types:

• Batch Reactor
• Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)
• Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)

Each has different mixing and flow properties. Selection depends on desired conversion and
process scale.
4. Fundamental Principles of Catalysis, Catalysts, and Catalytic Reactions
Catalysts increase reaction rate without being consumed. They lower activation energy.

Types:
• Homogeneous: Same phase as reactants
• Heterogeneous: Different phase

Key points:

• Catalyst structure and surface area


• Adsorption/desorption mechanisms
• Langmuir isotherm for adsorption behavior

Catalysts are vital in refining, chemical synthesis, and environmental control.


5. Catalytic Materials and Their Properties
Components of heterogeneous catalyst:

• Active phases
• Carriers/supports
• Promoters

Supported catalysts have active material on inert carriers.


Molecular sieves and zeolites offer shape-selective catalysis.
6. Methods of Catalyst Preparation and Characterization
Preparation methods:

• Impregnation
• Adsorption/Ion exchange
• Precipitation
• Gelation and Flocculation
• Hydrothermal transformation

Characterization techniques:
• BET surface area
• XRD
• SEM
• TPR

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