Institute of Health Technology

Rajshahi

Subject: Basic Computer Science

Name: .............................................
Address: .........................................
Department: ...................................
Session: ..........................................
Roll: ................................................
 Chapter One
1. Define Computer generation. What are the types of Computer
generation.(January 2020,2023)
Ans: The gradual development of present computers over past computers
are divided into different time periods. Each time period is considered as
generation of computer.
There are five generations of computer.
Generation Period Technology
First generation 1940- Vacuum Tube
computer 1959
Second generation 1959- Discrete
computer 1965 Transistors
Third generation 1965- Integrated Circuits
computer 1971
Fourth generation 1971- VLSI, MSI, LSI
computer 1980
Fifth generation 1980- VVLSI (ULSI)
computer onwards

2. What is computer? Write down the types of digital computer with example.
(January 2019, 2020, 2022)

Ans: A computer is a digital device that performs, calculations, operations

provided by a software or hardware program.
There are different types of digital computer.

Super Computer: Tianhe - 2, Titan, Shaheen of KSA

Mainframe Computer: IBM Z13, UNIVAC 9400
Mini Computer: DEC PDP and VAX series
Micro Computer: HP, DELL, Sony
3. Write down the different types of Computer. (January 2019)
Ans: According to use:
 General Purpose
 Special Purpose
According to technology use:
 Analog Computer
 Digital Computer
 Hybrid Computer
According to size and capacity:
 Super Computer
 Mini Computer
 Mainframe Computer
 Micro Computer
 Laptop Computer

4. What is computer? Write the basic functions of Computer. (January

2020,2021, 2022, 2023,2024, July 2018,2019)

Ans: A computer is a digital device that performs processes, calculations,

operations provided by a software or hardware program.
Basic functions of computer:
a) Accept data/ instruction by input device.
b) Process those data mathematically by ALU in CPU.
c) Provide output information by output device.
d) Storing data or information by storage device.
e) Controlling of all device and functions.
5. Write down the difference between desktop and laptop. (January
2021, 2022, July 2019,2020,2021)
Ans:
Desktop Laptop
It needs external devices to It is an all-in-one computer
be fully functional. system.

It is not portable. It is easily portable.

It is large in size. It is small in size.
It runs only on the main While it can run on battery,
power supply. AC supply, and main power
supply too.
External keyboard and The keyboard and mouse are
mouse are necessary to in-built.
work.
It costs less compared to a It costs more.
laptop.

6. Write down the characteristics of computer. (January: 2023,july: 2020)

Ans: Characteristics of computer :
Speed: It can work with incredible speed.Capable of performing about 3-4
millions instructions per second.
Accuracy: In addition to be fast, this can be gives us accurate result.
Diligence: A computer free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of
concentration.
Versatility: Computers are versatile machines and are capable of
performing any task.
Storage Capacity: This generations computer can store large volumes of
data and information.
Power of remembering: Computer has the power of storing any amount of
data and information.
7. Write the use of computer in medical sector. (January: 2019,2020,2021,
July: 2018,2019,2023,2024)
Ans: Uses of computer in medical sector:
Monitoring the patients: patients are attached to machines that use
necessary monitoring software to record pulse, blood pressure.
X- rays and CT scanning: X- rays and CT scans employ radiation to generate
images of a patient's internal structure to monitor the injuries.
Surgery: If an emergency arises in the doctor's absence the computerized
robotics can be employed to conduct surgery.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Magnetic Resonance Imagining or MRI is the
powerful magnetic fields to draft the patient's internal structure.
Computers in Medical Research: Computing platforms are used to run
medical simulations in search of cures to diseases.
Diagnostic Databases: Computer databases enable doctors to store
diagnostic information and make them.

8. Write down some names of computerized medical machine.(January:

2018,July: 2020,2021,2022)
Ans:
• Ultrasound
• X-ray
• Echocardiography
• Computed Tomography (CT Scan)
• Magnetic Resonance imaging ( MRI scan)
• Laparoscopic surgery machine

9. What are the limitations of using computer?(January 2024)

Ans: Limitations of computer is:
• No Self-Intelligence: Computer does not have intelligence of its own to
complete the tasks. They give wrong output if the input given by humans
is wrong.
• No Thinking and Decision Making Power. The computer cannot think
itself.
• No Feeling. Lack of feeling is another limitation of computer.
• Processing speed and memory capacity is limited.
 Chapter 2

1. What is computer? Write the block diagram of computer. (January 2019,

July: 2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024)
Ans: A computer is a digital device that performs processes, calculations,
operations provided by a software or hardware program.
Block diagram of computer:
Storage Unit

Secondary storage

Primary storage
Data Input Unit Output Unit Informa
tion

Control Unit

Arithmetic and
logical unit (ALU)

Central Processing
2. What is CPU? What are the functions and components of CPU? (January:
2019,2020,2021)
Ans: CPU means central processing unit. It performs most of the processing
inside a computer. It processes all instructions received by software
running on the PC and other hardware components. It acts as a powerful
calculator.
The central processing unit has two components:
 Control Unit
 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Functions of CPU:
i) The CPU receives the data when the computer inputs the data through
input devices. Input devices: keyboard, mouse
ii) After this, the CPU process these input data by performing calculations
and technical algorithm.
iii) And then CPU provides the processed data through output devices.
Output device like: monitor.
iv) The CPU also stores the process data in the form of a cache for future
use.

3. Write short note on CPU. (January 2020)

Ans: CPU means central processing unit. It performs most of the processing
inside a computer. It processes all instructions received by software
running on the PC and other hardware components. It acts as a powerful
calculator. CPU have computing and decision making power so it is also
known as brain of computers. CPU process large amount of information at
very high speed and produce accurate results. CPU can work for many
hours without any error and can do the same jobs repeatedly.
4. What is Processor? Write down the functions of processor. (January
2019,2021)
Ans: Processor is known as microprocessor and it likes as small type of chip
that is placed in computers and another electronics components.
Functions:
The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling and I/O operations
specified by the instructions in the program. This contrasts with external
components such as main memory and I/O circuitry and specialized
processors.

Chapter 3
1. What is hardware and software? (January:2021, July: 2019)
Ans: The physical components of a computer constitute its hardware.
Hardware consists of input devices and output devices that make a
complete computer system. Examples of hardware are keyboard, mouse,
scanner etc.
Software: A set of programs that form an interface between the hardware
and the user of a computer. Examples: MS Office, Windows, UNIX.
2. What is hardware? What are the physical components of
computer.(January 2019,2021,2023,July: 2023)
Ans: The physical components of a computer constitute its hardware.
Hardware consists of input devices and output devices that make a
complete computer system. Examples of hardware are keyboard, mouse,
scanner etc.
Physical components of computer:
Input device: Mouse, keyboard, Microphone, Scanner.
Output device: Monitor, Speaker, Headphones, Printer.
Central Processing Unit: Processor, Motherboard.
Storage device: RAM, ROM, Hard disk, CD, DVD.
3. What is hardware? Write the types of hardware with example.(July
2020)
Ans: The physical components of a computer constitute its hardware.
Hardware consists of input devices and output devices that make a
complete computer system. Examples of hardware are keyboard, mouse,
scanner etc.
Types of computer hardware:
Internal hardware: Motherboard, RAM, Hard disk, SSD, CPU, Network card,
Modem, Sound card etc.
External hardware: Keyboard, Mouse, Printer, Projector, Scanner,
Gamepad, Microphone, Speaker.

4. Write down the difference between hardware and software.(July:

2022,2023)
Ans:
Hardware Software
Hardware is the processing Software is instructions given
unit of various parts of to the hardware.
computer.
Cannot function without Cannot be executed without
software. hardware.
There are Internal There are System Software,
components, input device, Application Software.
output device.
Not affected by virus. Gets affected by virus.
Can be seen and touched. Can be used.
Example: CPU, monitor, Example: Windows 10,
mouse. Photoshop

5. What is Software? What are the types of Software? Write the example of
each Software.(January 2020,2024 July: 2021,2022,2023)
Ans: Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate
computers and execute specific tasks.
 There are two major classification of software, namely System Software
and Application Software.
System Software: Microsoft Windows, mac OS, antivirus etc.
Application Software: MS word, MS excel, MS Power point.
6. Define system software with classification. (January 2018)
Ans: System software is a set of programme that control the operations of
computer and devices attached. It make interface between hardware and
user in computer system.
There are two types of system software.
 System management: Operating system, device utilities, device drivers.
 Software development: Programming languages, program compilers,
program interpreters, linker and larder.

7. What is application software? Write down the different types of application

software.(January: 2019)
Ans: Software which is developed to help user to perform specific tasks is
called application software.
There are major two types of application software.
1. General purpose software: Word processing, presentation software etc.
2. Special purpose software: Customers management, account software.

8. Write down difference between system software and application software.

(January 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023,2024)
Ans: Difference between system and application software.
System software Application software
It is used for operating It is used by user to perform.
computer hardware
The user does not interact The user with interacts with
with system software. application Software.
Without this software, Without this software,
computer system cannot run computer system can run.
System software can run Application software cannot
independently. run independently.
Example: Windows Operating Example: MS word, MS excel
systems, antivirus. etc.
9. What is data and information? or, Define Data and Information with
examples. (January: 2021,2024, July: 2023)
Ans: Data: Data is a collection of facts that has been translated into a form
that computers can process. Data means any representation of
information, knowledge, facts. Example: 85, 90, 78 – These are just
numbers and don’t tell us anything specific.
Information: Information is organized or classified data, which has
some meaningful values for the receiver. Information is
summarization of data. Example: The average score of a student in
three subjects is 84.3.

10.What is data? Write down the difference types of data.(January: 2019)

Ans: Data: Data is a collection of facts that has been translated into a form
that computers can process. Data means any representation of
information, knowledge, facts.
Types of data:
 Numerical data: It consists of digit. (0-9)
 Alphabetic data: It is used to 26 alphabets. (A-Z)
 Alpha Numeric data: Letter (A-Z) and digit (0-9) is called alpha
numeric data.

11.Write down the difference between data and information.(January:

2022,2023,2024)
Ans: Difference between data and information:
Data Information
Data is collection of raw facts Information is a processed
and figures. data.
Measured in bits and bytes. Measured in meaningful
units like time.
Data is not arranged. Information is arranged.
Data is unorganized. Information is organized.
 Data does not depend on Information depends on
information. data.
It’s difficult to understand. Easy to understand.

12. Define virus and antivirus software. Give some examples.(July

2023,January 2024)
Ans: Virus: A computer virus is a malicious piece of computer code. Klez,
Code Red, Slammer.
Antivirus: An Antivirus is a software that helps free of viruses and other
types of malware. Comodo, AVAST, AVG.

13. Write down the names of five computer virus and antivirus.(January
2019,2021,2022,2023 July: 2019,2020)
Ans: Virus: Klez, Code Red, Slammer, Sasser, WannaCry.
Antivirus: Comodo, AVAST, AVG, Avira, Bitdefender.

14. Write down the difference between virus and antivirus.(July:

2021,2022,2023)
Ans: Difference between virus and antivirus:
Virus Antivirus
Computer Virus is a malicious Antivirus is used to scan files.
program.
It harms the computer It protects the computer
systems. system.
It effects slows down or Helps the system run faster
crashes system. and smoother by removing
threats.
Virus is unwanted and Antivirus is always
welcomed. welcomed.
Virus can multiply from one Antivirus is not multiply from
computer to others. one computer to others.
Example: Code Red, Example: AVAST, AVG, Avira.
Slammer, Sasser.
 Chapter 4
1. What is input and output device? Give examples. (July2023)
Ans: Input device: The device by which sends information to the computer
is called input device. Examples: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone,
track ball.
Output device: The device by which gets result in called output device.
Examples: Monitor, projector, speaker, headphones, printer.

2. Write down the names of five input and output device. (January:
2019,2020,2021,2022)
Ans:
Input device: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, track ball.
Output device: Monitor, projector, speaker, headphones, printer.

3. Short note on Printer. (January: 2021,2023, July: 2019)

Ans: A printer is an external hardware output device. It takes the electronic
data stored on a computer or other device and generates a hard copy. For
example it you created a report on your computer, you could print several
copies to hand out at a staff meeting. Printers are one of the most popular
computer peripherals and are commonly used to print text and photos.
Many modern printers also come with extra features like scanning, copying,
wireless printing.

4. Short note on Monitor. (January: 2019,2020)

Ans: A monitor is an electronic output device, it is known as a video display
terminal (VDT). It is also known as a video display unit (VDU). It is used to
display images, text, video and graphics information. It is generated by a
connected computer via a computer’s video card. Although it is almost like
a TV, its resolution is much higher than a TV. The first computer monitor
was introduced in 1973.
5. Draw one common input and output device. (January 2024)

Chapter 5

1. Elaborate: BIOS (January: 2022)

Ans: BIOS: Basic input output system.
BIOS is the program a computer’s microprocessor uses to start the
computer system after it is powered on.

Chapter 6
1. What is memory? Write down the different types of memory. (January:
2020, July: 2021,2022,2023)
Ans: Computer memory refers to the computer hardware device.
Computer memory stores information, such as data and programs, for
immediate use in a computer.
Memory is primarily two types:
 I. Primary memory
II. Secondary memory

Primary memory Secondary memory

Hard disk drive

RAM ROM CD- ROM

PROM Floppy disk

EPROM Pen drive

SRAM DRAM
EEPROM Magnetic disk

Removal Hard
Drive

Cache memory

2. Write down the difference between primary and secondary memory.

(January: 2019,2020,2022,January 2024)
Ans: Difference between primary and secondary memory:

Primary memory Secondary memory

To store something in To store something in
computer temporarily is computer permanently is
called primary memory. called secondary memory.
These memories are also Secondary memory is
called internal memory. known as a Backup
memory.
Data is directly accessed Data cannot be accessed
by the processing unit. directly by the processor.
 Data cannot be retained Data can be retained even
in case of power failure. after power failure.
Primary memory is Secondary memory is
costlier than secondary cheaper than primary
memory. memory.
Example: RAM, ROM, Example: HDD, Floppy Disk
Cache memory etc. etc.

3. What are the difference between RAM and ROM. (January: 2018)
Ans: Difference between RAM and ROM:
RAM ROM
RAM stands for Random ROM stands for Read Only
Access Memory. Memory.
RAM data can be read, ROM data is read only.
erased of modified.
RAM speed is quite high. ROM speed is slower than
RAM.
RAM is generally small and ROM is generally larger and
of low capacity. of high capacity.
RAM is used as CPU cache, ROM is used as firmware by
Primary memory. microcontrollers.
RAM is costly. ROM is cheap.

4. Define bit. How many bits make a byte. (January: 2018,2023, July: 2020)
Ans: Bit: A bit is a binary digit, the smallest increment of data on a
computer. This is the basic unit of information storage. It can have only two
possible values. 0 or 1.
8 bits = 1 Byte
 Chapter 7

1. What is IT? Write down the advantage of IT.(January 2023)

Ans: IT means Information technology. The technology that is used to
collect data from different sources, store data if necessary. Update data
and send it to others is called information technology.
Advantages of IT:
I. Improved Communication: Information Technology has improved
communication by making it faster and more efficient.
II. Increased Productivity: Information Technology has enabled businesses
to increase their productivity and efficiency.
III. Cost Savings: Technology has enabled businesses to reduce costs in
various ways.
IV. Access to Information: Technology has enabled businesses to access
information quickly and easily.
V. IT Protects Information: There is new opportunity for further education
to improve qualification in so many economic sectors.

2. What is ICT? Write down the advantage of ICT.(January 2022,2023,2024,

July 2021)
Ans: ICT means Information and communication technology. ICT is
technology that is used to handle communications processes such as
telecommunications, broadcast media, network based control and
monitoring functions.
Advantages:
Creation of new jobs: The best advantage of ICT has been the creation of
new and interesting jobs.
Shared resources: Groups of users can access the same programs,
hardware such as printers and faxes using this technology.
Education: Used in schools, ICT has motivated students and the
communications between teachers and students.
Globalization: ICT has not only brought the countries and people closer
together, but it has allowed the world’s economy.
 Utility: Communications can take place instantaneously, 24 hours a day,
365 days a year across the globe.

3. Write down the difference between IT and ICT. (January: 2022)

Ans: Difference between IT and ICT

IT ICT

IT is stand for Information ICT is Stand for Information

Technology. and Communication
Technology.
IT is more than area of ICT. ICT is simply a specific area
of IT.
IT is associated with the field ICT is associated with the
of computers , software, field of education.
networks etc.
IT refers to entire information ICT not refers to entire
domain. information domain.
IT is used in corporate and ICT is used in academic
complex companies and institutions and purposes.
institutions.
IT can be considered as an ICT can be considered as an
industry by itself mainly used extensional term mainly
in software, networking etc. used in academic setup.

Chapter 8

1. What is MS Office? Write the name of software that include in MS Office.

(January 2019)
 Ans: MS office is a set of computer applications mainly used for business or
office purposes. MS office helps basic office task and improve work
productivity. Software that include:
Outlook, One drive, MS Excel, MS Word, MS PowerPoint, SharePoint.

2. What is MS Word? Write the features of MS Word. (January 2024, July

2020,2022,2023)
Ans: MS Word is a word processor published by Microsoft. It is one of the
office productivity applications included in the Microsoft Office suite.
Features of MS Word:
i. Speedy typing with many types of typing.
ii. Facility to add graphics with text.
iii. Facility to link networking.
iv. Text editing.
v. Page formatting facility.
vi. Formatting of paragraphs.
vii. Dictionary facility.
viii. Word wrapping facility.

3. Short note on MS PowerPoint. (January 2020,2022,2023)

Ans: PowerPoint is a presentation program developed by Microsoft. It is
included in the standard Office suite along with Microsoft Word and Excel.
PowerPoint is often used to create business presentations, but can also be
used for educational of informal purposes. The presentations are
comprised of slides, which may contain text, images and other media.
Sound effects and animated transitions can also be included to add extra
appeal to the presentation.

4. Short note on MS Excel. (July 2021,2022)

Ans: Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program used to record and analyze
numerical and statistical data. Microsoft Excel provides to perform various
operations like calculations, graph tools etc. It is compatible with multiple
OS like Windows, macOS and iOS. An Excel spreadsheet can be understood
 as a collection of columns and rows that form a table. The point where a
column and a row meet is called a cell.

5. What is MS PowerPoint? Write the features of it. (January 2020)

Ans: MS PowerPoint is a versatile and popular presentation software, it is
developed by Microsoft.
Features:
i. Customize Color Schemes.
ii. Add Animation effects.
ii. Use the Slide, Notes and Handout Masters.
IV. Create Edit and Import Charts.
v. Create and Edit Tables.
vi. Manage Hyperlinks.
vii. Create Custom Shows.
viii. Export Outlines & Presentation Slides to Word.

Chapter 9
1. What is Computer network? Classify it. (January 2020,2023,2024)
Ans: A network is a collection of computer devices, servers, mainframes,
network devices connected to one another allowing to distribute and shear
data and used information.
A computer network is mainly of four types.
 LAN (Local area network)
 PAN (Personal area Network)
 MAN (Metropolitan area network)
 WAN (Wide area network)
2. Write down the difference between LAN and WAN. (January
2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023)
Ans: Difference between LAN and WAN:

LAN WAN
LAN stands for local area network. WAN stands for wide area network.
LAN’s ownership is private. While WAN also might not be
owned by organization.
The transmission speed of a LAN The transmission speed of a WAN is
is high. low.
The propagation delay is short in a The propagation delay is long in a
LAN. WAN.
There is less congestion in LAN. There is more congestion in WAN.
LAN’s design and maintenance is WAN’s design and maintenance is
easy. difficult.

3. Define Computer topology. Write down the types of topology with figure.
(January: 2022)
Ans: Network topologies describe the arrangement of networks and the
relative location of traffic flows.
There are 6 computer topology in total.
• Bus topology
• Ring topology
• Tree topology
• Star topology
• Mesh topology
• Hybrid Topology

 Bus topology:
 Ring topology

 Star topology

 Tree topology
 Mesh topology

• Hybrid Topology
4. Define network topology. Draw the bus and star topology with five
computers. (January 2020,2023,2024)
Ans: Network topologies describe the arrangement of networks and the
relative location of traffic flows.

5. Write down the advantage of computer network in hospital. (January:

2029,2020,2021,2022)
Ans: 1. Clinical Communication
Better communication means better care. When clinicians communicate
easily, they can diagnose and treat patients more quickly.
2. Guest Access
Guest Access is a secure way to share your hospital wireless network with
visitors, patients, and other guests.
3. Home based service
If the reports are submitted to the patient's online profile, then the patient
can get the reports at home.
4. Location and Tracking
 When healthcare institutions know where their staff, patients and assets
are located at any moment, they can improve workflow, and increase
patient and staff safety.
5. Allows sharing of resources
It is possible to share any type of information and resources such as the
printers, computers, etc.

6. What are the elements of LAN. (January: 2023)

Ans:
 Computers: PCs, Servers
 Interconnections: NICs, Media
 Network device: Hub, Switches, Routers.
 Protocols: Ethernet, IP,DHCP,ARP

7. Write down the use of network in social and student life? (January 2023)
Ans:

Uses of Network in Social Life:

 Communication:
Networks allow instant communication through messaging, video calls,
and social media platforms.
 Social Media:
Platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp help people stay connected with
friends and family, share updates, and build communities.
 Sharing Information:
People use networks to share photos, videos, opinions, and news quickly
with a wide audience.
Uses of Network in Student Life:
 Online Learning:
Students use networks to access e-learning platforms like Google
Classroom, Zoom, Coursera, etc. for lectures and study materials.
 Research and Information Access:
The internet provides access to digital libraries, academic journals, and
educational websites for assignments and projects.
  Educational Communication:
Email, forums, and chat groups allow students to communicate with
teachers and peers for academic support.
 Skill Development:
Networks offer access to online courses, tutorials, and resources that
help students learn new skills like coding, languages, and more.

Chapter 10

1. Short note on: Internet (January 2023)

Ans: The Internet is a global network of billions of computers and other
electric devices. Internet is a vast source of data and information.
With the Internet, it is possible to access almost any information,
communicate with anyone in the world. We have access to knowledge of
anything because of internet. It is possible to work from home and online
education by using internet. It is a blessing of science if we use it for right
purpose.

2. Write down the importance of internet. (January 2024)

Ans: Importance of internet:
 Fast Communication – Enables instant messaging, emails, and video
calls.
 Information Access – Provides quick access to knowledge and news.
 Online Education – Supports e-learning and virtual classrooms.
 Business Growth – Helps in marketing, e-commerce, and remote work.
 Entertainment – Offers movies, music, games, and social media.
 Digital Services – Simplifies banking, shopping, and government services.

3. Define internet. Write down advantages/ features of internet. (January

2022, 2021, 2020, 2019, July 2023, 2021,2020)
Ans: The internet is a global network of billions of computers and other
electronic devices. With the internet, we can get any information,
communicate with anyone in world.
 Advantages:
i) Career building: You can search for jobs through online and send your
CV by email.
ii) Online shopping: You can shop your clothes, shoes, book etc. by online.
iii) Pay bills: You can pay your electric bills, gas bills, fees etc.
iv) Work from home: By using internet, people can work their office work
from home.
v) Online selling: Businessman can sell their products through online, it
helps you reach more customers.
vi) Instant messaging: To communicate anyone, you can send messages
through email, video conferencing.
vii) Get directions: Using GPS, you can get your direction.

4. Write the disadvantages of internet. (January 2022)

Ans: Disadvantages:
i) Addiction, time-waster: If any person is spending much time on the
Internet connected devices, he can be addicted to the Internet.
ii) Identity theft, hacking, viruses, and cheating: There are various malicious
users and computer hackers that can steal your personal information and
hack accounts.
iii) Health issues and obesity: If you are surfing the Internet frequently,
playing games and spending too much time on the computer, it can also
lead to obesity and an unhealthy lifestyle.
iv) Not a safe place for children: The Internet may not be more useful for
children as they are spending much time on the Internet.

5. Short note on: Optical fiber. (January 2023,2022,2019)

Ans: Optical Fiber:
Optical fiber is that technology which uses glass or plastic threads to
transmitted data. It consists of bundle of glass threads which is capable of
transmitting message modulated onto light waves. The less signal damage
metal wires can cause, the better for optical fiber connection. Additionally,
electromagnetic interference does not impact optical fibers. The total
internal reflection of light is used in the fiber optic cable.
6. Write about Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. (January 2022)
Ans: Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology. It allows computers and
other devices to communicate over a wireless signal. It is commonly called
as wireless LAN. Wi-Fi allows local area network to operate without cable
and wiring.
Bluetooth: Bluetooth is an open wireless technology. It is standard for
transmitting fixed and mobile electronic device data over short distances.
Bluetooth is used in computer devices, digital cameras, printers etc. People
can transfer audio, text, videos, and all media using Bluetooth. The purpose
of Bluetooth is to replace the cables.

7. What is Bandwidth and Broadband? (January 2019 July 2020)

Ans: Bandwidth: Bandwidth is the capacity of a wired or wireless network
communication link to transmit the maximum amount of data from one
point to another over an internet connection in a given amount of time.
Broadband:
Broadband refers to high-speed Internet access. That is, broadband service
provides us with a high speed data transmission. Broadband provides us
with the highest quality Internet service, so we can do anything on the
Internet very easily and quickly. Broadband Internet connection facilities
can be provided by telephone companies, Internet service providers or
cable companies. It is impossible to establish this connection without a
router.

8. What is uploading and downloading. (January 2023 July 2021)

Ans: Downloading: Downloading is the process of getting web pages,
images and files from a web server. So, we can say that downloading is the
method of receiving file or data from server to system. This data could be
the text, images or videos used on the pages or apps that users visit. For
downloading, memory is must needed in user device. Sometimes,
downloading something remains a risk of viruses.
Uploading:
 Uploading is a method of receiving data or file from machine to internet. In
this process, data traverse from user device to internet. So, anyone can be
able to access the file. Sending photos over an email, messages to a friend
is the example of uploading.

9. Define cyber security/ threat. (January 2023,2021 July 2023,2022,2020)

Ans: The process of protecting data, computers, networks and various
software applications from cyber attacks is called cyber security. When we
use the Internet or are connected to the Internet, there are many types of
threats. Because, hackers can enter the system by breaching cyber security
in various ways. To keep ourselves safe in cyber we have to follow some
safety rules. For example we never make bad comments about others on
social media, I will not tell, I will not give personal information of myself or
my family to a stranger, I will never share my personal important
information.

10.What is search engine? Write down the names of five search engine. (
January2023,2022,2019,2024 July 2023, 2022, 2021)
Ans: A search engine is a service that allows Internet users to search for
content via the World Wide Web (WWW).

Names of search engine: Google, Bing, Yahoo, Ask.com, Yandex etc.

11. What is browser? Write down the five web browsers. (January: 2021, 2020,
2019 July: 2023, 2022,2021)
Ans: Ans: A software application used to access information on the World
Wide Web is called a Web Browser.
Examples of web browser:
 Google Chrome  Opera
 Firefox  Mobile Safari
 Safari  UC browser
 Internet Explorer  Lynx
 Microsoft Edge
12. What is website? (January 2018)
Ans: A collection of web pages and media over the internet is called a
website.

13. Define web-page and website. (January 2024)

Ans: Web page: A web page is a document available on the World Wide
Web (WWW) that is written in HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) and
can be viewed using a web browser such as Chrome, Firefox, or Safari.
Website: A collection of web pages and media over the internet is called a
website.

14. What is URL name? Write the URL name of (January: 2020,2021,2022,
2023)
The State Medical Faculty: https://smf.edu.bd
The Director General of Health Service: https://dghs.gov.bd
Dhaka Medical College: https://dmc.gov.bd
Government of Bangladesh: https://bangladesh.gov.bd
Ministry of health: https://mohfw.gov.bd

15. What is server? Write down the functions of server. (January:2019,

July:2023)
Ans: A server is a computer program or device that provides a service to
another computer program and its user, also known as the client.
Functions:
 Main function of server is to access, hold and transfer all files and data
from other computer machine over the computer network.
 All devices of server are configured for getting listen to all requests from
client machines over the network connections. This functionality is
presented like as part of operating system that is run on all applications.

16. What is Freelancing and Hacker? (January 2021)

Ans: Freelancing: Freelancing is working on a contract basis directly with
clients rather than working for a particular employer long term. These
works can be a part-time, full-time or sign agreements basis before starting
 projects. With freelancing, the client pays per project, per task, or per hour,
depending on the agreement.
Hacker: A hacker is a person who finds and exploits the weakness in
computer systems and/ or networks to gain access. Hackers are usually
skilled computer programmers, with knowledge of computer security.

17. Short note on WWW. (January 2019)

Ans: The World Wide Web (WWW) is a network of online content that is
formatted in HTML and accessed via HTTP. The term refers to all the
interlinked HTML pages that can be accessed over the Internet. The World
Wide Web (WWW), often called the Web, It was created to help people
share and find information easily, using links that connect different pages
together. The Web allows us to browse websites, watch videos, shop
online, and connect with other around the world through our computers
and phones.

18. Short note on Facebook. (January 2020,2024 July 2022,2023)

Ans: Facebook is a social networking website where users can post
comments, share photographs. Users can post links to news or interesting
content on the web, chat live, and watch short form video. Now a days
Facebook is one of the most popular social media in the world. Facebook
can be accessed through devices like phones, tablets, computers with
internet connections. Using Facebook has made it easier for us to
communicate.

19. What is email? Write the characteristics of email. (January 2019)

Ans: Short for electronic mail, email is information stored on a computer
that is exchanged between two users over telecommunications.
Characteristics:

 E-mail is timely and informal.

 It is more detailed than an oral conversation.
 It delivers a record of the communication
 It can deliver a single message to a huge number of people.
 Emails are automatically dated and time inscribed.
  Notification if a message cannot be delivered.

20. What is email? Write some famous name of email service organization.
(January 2020,2021, July 2022)
Ans: Short for electronic mail, email is information stored on a computer
that is exchanged between two users over telecommunications.
Some famous name:
 Gmail
 Yahoo
 Outlook
 AOL
 Proton
 GMX

21. Write down the steps of sending E-mail. (January2024,July 2022)

Ans:
 At first active the internet connection.
 Open the browser.
 Type Email website address.
 Type user name.
 Type password.
 Click sign in.
 Click composes mail.
 Then type receiver email address.
 Type subject of email.
 Attach file or write something newly.
 Click send.

22. What do you understand about online treatment. (January 2024)

Ans: Online treatment, also known as telemedicine, is the process of
receiving medical care using the internet. It allows patients to consult
doctors through video calls, phone calls, or messaging apps. This method is
especially helpful for people living in remote areas or those who cannot
travel easily. Doctors can provide advice, diagnose conditions, and even
 prescribe medicines online. It is convenient, time-saving, and often more
affordable than visiting a clinic. Online treatment also helps reduce the
burden on hospitals and clinics. As technology advances, it is becoming a
more reliable and widely accepted form of healthcare.

23. Write short note on: YouTube. (January2024)

Ans: YouTube is a popular video-sharing platform where users can upload,
view, and share videos. It offers a wide range of content including tutorials,
vlogs, news, and entertainment. YouTube is accessible worldwide and
supports multiple languages. It allows users to subscribe to channels, like,
comment, and create playlists. Many individuals and businesses use
YouTube for education, marketing, and earning money through
monetization. With billions of monthly users, it is one of the most visited
websites on the internet.

24. Write short note on: MODEM (January 2024)

Ans: A modem is a device that connects a computer or network to the
internet. It converts digital data from a computer into analog signals for
transmission communication mediums. The word "modem" comes from
"modulator-demodulator." There are different types of modems, such as
DSL, cable, and fiber modems, depending on the internet connection type.
Modems are essential for accessing the internet at home or in offices.
Modern modems often come combined with routers to provide both
internet access and Wi-Fi connectivity.
 Chapter 11

1. What is number system? Write down the types of number system with
base. (January: 2022, 2021 July: 2019,2020, 2023)
Ans: Number system means the system of expressing number. In other
words, the method by which numbers are expressed and calculated is
called number system.
Number system with base:

 Decimal number – Base 10

 Binary number – Base 2
 Octal number – Base 8
 Hexadecimal number – Base 16

2. Convert: (11011)2 = (?)10 and (128)10 = (?)2 (January 2022)

Ans: 27 and 10000000
3. Convert: (10101)2 = (?)10 and (127)10 = (?)2 (July 2021)
Ans: 21 and 1111111
4. Convert: (27)10 = (?)2 (January 2021)
Ans: 11011
5. Convert: (78)10 = (?)2 (January 2020)
Ans: 1001110
6. Convert: (173)10 = (?)2 (July 2022)
Ans: 10101101
7. Convert : (87)10 = (?)2 and (11001)2 = (?)10
Ans: 1010111 and 25
 Chapter 12

1. Define Operating system. Write down the types of operating system. (July
2020, 2023)
Ans: An operating system is a software that acts as an interface between
computer hardware components and the user.
Types of operating system:
 Batch operating system
 Multi-tasking operating system
 Real time OS
 Distributed operating system
 Network operating system
 Mobile operating system

2. What is Operating system? Write down the function of operating system.

(January 2022, 2023 July: 2019)
Ans: An operating system is a software that acts as an interface between
computer hardware components and the user.
Functions:
 Process management
 Memory management
 File management
 Device management
 I/O system management
 Secondary storage management
 Security
 Command interpretation
 Networking
 Job accounting
 Communication management
3. Write down the advantages of operating system. (January 2019, 2020)
Ans: Advantage of using Operating System:
 Allows you to hide details of hardware by creating an abstraction.
 Easy to use with a GUI.
 Offers an environment in which a user may execute
programs/applications.
 The operating system must make sure that the computer system
convenient to use.
 Operating System acts as an intermediary among applications and the
hardware components.
 It provides the computer system resources with easy to use format.
 Acts as an intermediate between all hardware's and software's of the
system.

4. Define Operating system. Write five names of Operating system.

(July 2021, 2022)
Ans: An operating system is a software that acts as an interface between
computer hardware components and the user. Fine names of Operating
system.
 Windows
 Android
 Linux
 macOS
 iOS

5. Write down the difference between MS – DOS and MS Windows. (July 2019)
Ans: Difference between MS- DOS and MS Windows:
MS DOS MS Windows
DOS stands for disk operating Windows stands for windows.
system

DOS is single taking OS. Windows is multi-tasking OS.

 DOS memory requirements are Windows memory requirements are
quite slow quite high as compared to DOS.

DOS has no support for networking Windows supports networking.

Multimedia is not support in DOS. Windows supports multimedia like

games, video etc.

DOS supports single window at a Windows supports multiple window

time. at a time.

Abbreviation
1. MODEM-Modulator and Demodulator (Ja:2023,2022,2021 Ju:2022)
2. OSI-Open System Interconnection. (Ja:2023, 2022, 2021, Ju:2022,2021)
3. NIC-Network Interface Card. (Ja:2023, Ju:2022, 2021)
4. BIOS=Basic Input Output System (Ja:2023,2022, Ju:2021,2020)
5. USB-Universal Serial Bus. (Ja:2023, Ju:2022)
6. WWW-World Wide Web. (Ja:2023,2022,2020, Ju:2023,2022,2021,2020)
7. VoIP- Voice over Internet protocol. (Ja:2023,2022,2020)
8. ISP-Internet Service Provider. (Ja:2023,2022,2020, Ju:2022,2021,2020)
9. URL=Uniform Resource Locator. (Ja:2023,2022,2021, Ju:2021,2020)
10. HTML=Hyper Text Markup Language. (Ja:2023,2022,2021,2020 Ju: 2021)
11. HTTP=Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. (Ja:2022,2021,2020 Ju:2021,2020)
12. IC-Integrated Circuit. (Ja:2022)
13. TCP-Transmission Control Protocol. (Ja:2021, Ju:2022)
14. MAN-Metropolitan Area Network. (Ja:2022)
15. SPSS- Statistical Package for the Social Science. (Ja:2020)
16. EPROM=Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory. (Ja:2020)
17. VIRUS= Vital Information Resources under Siege. (Ja:2020)
18. IPS=Intrusion Prevention System. (Ju: 2020)
19. LED Light Emitting Diode. (Ju: 2021)
20. LCD=Liquid Crystal Display. (Ju: 2023,2021)
21. CRT=Cathode-Ray Tube. (Ju: 2021)
22. OMR=Optical Mark Recognition. (Ju: 2021,2020)
23. UPS=Uninterruptible Power supply. (Ju: 2021)
24. OS=Operating System. (Ju: 2022)
25. FTP=File Transfer Protocol. (Ju: 2023,2021,2020)
26. LAN=Local Area Network. (Ju: 2022,january2024)
27. PROM=Programmable Read Only memory. (Ju: 2023,2021,2020)
28. RAM-Random Access Memory. (Ju: 2023,january 2024)
29. CMOS=Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor. (january2024)
30. TCT=Thin Client Technology. (january2024)
31. MICR =Magnetic Ink Character Recognition. (january2024)
32. ROM=Read-Only Memory. (january2024)
33. DNS= Domain Name System. (january2024)

For Updated Pdf Contact: 01571766363 (WhatsApp)

Mahmudul Hasan
Computer Science Teacher, Institute of Health Technology (Rajshahi)
Last Updated: 14 June 2025