Catálogo

1. ALERGOLOGÍA ················································································································· 1
1. Reacciones de Hipersensibilidad······································································· 1
2. Rinitis Alérgica··································································································· 4
3. Urticaria·············································································································· 8
4. Choque Anafiláctico························································································· 12
2. CARDIOLOGÍA ·············································································································· 15
1. Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica········································································ 15
2. Crisis Hipertensiva··························································································· 23
3. Angina de Pecho······························································································ 27
4. Sica SIN Elevación del ST··············································································· 32
5. SICA CON Elevación del ST············································································ 39
6. Riesgo Cardiovascular····················································································· 48
7. Cardiopatía Isquémica····················································································· 51
8. Insuficiencia Cardiaca Crónica·········································································56
9. Insuficiencia Cardiaca Aguda···········································································63
10. Fibrilación Auricular······················································································· 68
11. Taquicardia Supraventricular········································································· 77
12. Bloqueo Auriculoventricular (AV)··································································· 85
13. Síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White······························································ 94
14. Endocarditis Infecciosa·················································································· 97
15. Pericarditis y Derrame Pericárdico·······························································105
16. Valvula Aórtica (Estenosis e Insuficiencia)·················································· 110
17. Válvula Mitral (Estenosis e Insuficiencia)····················································· 114
18. Valvula Tricúspide (Estenosisi e Insuficiencia)············································ 116
19. Coartación de la Aorta················································································· 118
20. Disección Aórtica························································································· 121
21. Taller de Electrocardiograma······································································· 125
3. CIRUGÍA···················································································································136
1. Oclusión Intestinal·························································································· 136
2. Colecisititis _ Colelitiasis················································································ 140
3. Complicaciones Colecistitis (Cólico Biliar, Íleo Biliar, Coledocolitiasis,
Colangitis)·········································································································· 151
4. Hernias Generalidades·················································································· 156
4.1 Hernias Inguinales······················································································· 159
4.2 Hernias Ventrales·························································································167
4.3 Hernia Umbilical··························································································· 171
4.4 Otras Hernias (Litre, Richter, Obturatriz)····················································· 173
5. Vólvulo de Colon···························································································· 175
 6. Apendicitis Aguda·························································································· 181
7. Enfermedad Diverticular, Diverticulosis, Diverticulitis···································· 192
8. Enfermedad Hemorroidal··············································································· 201
9. Fístula Perianal······························································································ 207
10. Absceso Perianal························································································· 212
11. Fisura Anal··································································································· 215
12. Úlceras Por Presión····················································································· 219
13. Enfermedad Arterial Periférica····································································· 228
14. Insuficiencia Venosa Crónica······································································· 233
4. CIRUGÍA PLÁSTICA ······································································································237
1. Quemaduras·································································································· 237
5. DERMATOLOGÍA ·········································································································253
1. Carcinoma Basocelular·················································································· 253
2. Carcinoma Espinocelular··············································································· 256
3. Melanoma······································································································ 258
4. Toxicodermias (Exantema Morbiliforme, Urticaria, Stevens Johnson y
Necrólisis)·········································································································· 265
5. Pénfigos········································································································· 273
6. Acné··············································································································· 276
7. Rosácea········································································································· 279
8. Dermatitis Atópica·························································································· 280
9. Dermatitis Por Contacto················································································· 287
10. Infecciones Bacterianas - Piodermitis·························································· 290
11. Lepra············································································································ 294
12. Escabiosis···································································································· 298
13. Tiñas _ Dermatofitosis················································································· 300
14. Pitriasis Versicolor························································································306
15. Dermatitis Seborreica···················································································309
16. Pitriasis Rosada de Gilbert···········································································311
17. Queratosis Actínica······················································································ 312
18. Nevos Displásicos························································································ 315
19. Psoriasis·······································································································317
20. Liquen Plano································································································ 324
21. Candidiasis···································································································325
22. Herpes Simple······························································································327
23. Herpes Zóster······························································································ 329
24. Dermatitis del Pañal····················································································· 331
6. ENDOCRINOLOGÍA ·······································································································333
0. Fisiología Endócrina······················································································· 333
1. Diabetes Mellitus···························································································· 345
 2. Cetoacidos Diabética (CAD)·········································································· 355
3. Estado Hiperosmolar Hiperglucémico···························································· 362
4. Hipoglucemia································································································· 367
5. Sobrepeso y Obesidad···················································································371
6. Dislipidemias·································································································· 377
7. Enfermedades Tiroideas················································································ 385
8. Bocio Simple y Multinodular··········································································· 388
9. Hipotiroidismo································································································ 391
10. Hipertiroidismo····························································································· 397
11. Tiroiditis········································································································ 405
12. Nódulo Tiroideo···························································································· 407
13. Cáncer de Tiroides······················································································· 412
14. Síndrome de Cushing···················································································416
15. Insuficiencia Suprarrenal (Enfermedad de Addison y Central)···················· 421
16. SIADH·········································································································· 425
17. Diabetes Insípida··························································································428
18. Feocromocitoma _ Paraganglioma······························································ 431
19. Hiperprolactinemia······················································································· 434
20. Hiperaldosteronismo _ Hipoaldosteronismo················································ 437
21. Acromegalia _ Gigantismo··········································································· 440
22. Pie Diabético································································································ 443
23. Deficiencia de GH························································································ 447
24. Hiperparatiroidismo······················································································ 449
25. Síndrome Metabólico.·················································································· 455
7. GASTROENTEROLOGÍA ··································································································457
1. Dispepsia······································································································· 457
2. Enfermedad Por Reflujo Gastroesofágico (ERGE)········································ 462
3. Acalasia··········································································································466
4. Esofagitis········································································································472
5. Otros Trastornos Esofágicos (Espasmo Difuso, Esclerodermia, Anillo de
Shatzki, Divertículo de Zenker, Pólipo Esofágico)············································ 475
6. Úlcera Péptica································································································ 481
7. Sangrado de Tubo Digestivo Alto·································································· 490
8. Sangrado de Tubo Digestivo Bajo································································· 494
9. Diarrea en Adultos························································································· 496
10. Síndrome de Intestino Irritable····································································· 501
11. Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal (Crohn y CUCI)·····································508
12. Enfermedad Hepática Grasa No Alcohólica·················································523
13. Hepatitis Infecciosa Generalidades····························································· 526
DIAGNÓSTICO HEPATITIS B····································································527
 14. Hepatitis A···································································································· 528
15. Hepatitis B···································································································· 532
16. Hepatitis C····································································································541
17. Cirrosis y Complicaciones (Varices, Ascitis PBE, Encefalopatía)················ 544
18. Absceso Hepático (Amebiano y Piógeno)····················································567
19. Pancreatitis·································································································· 571
8. GENÉTICA ················································································································583
1. Síndrome de Down·························································································583
2. Síndrome de Edwards···················································································· 587
3. Síndrome de Patau························································································ 590
4. Síndrome de Turner······················································································· 593
5. Síndrome de Marfan·······················································································597
6. Síndrome de Prader-Willi··············································································· 601
7. Síndrome de DiGeorge·················································································· 603
8. Síndrome de Rokitansky················································································ 605
9. Distrofias Musculares (Duchenne y Becker)·················································· 607
10. Osteogénesis Imperfecta············································································· 609
11. Neurofibromatosis (NF1 y NF2)··································································· 611
12. Enfermedad de Fabry·················································································· 614
13. Enfermedad de Gaucher·············································································· 616
·················································································································620
9. GERIATRÍA
1. Valoración Geriátrica Integral·········································································620
2. Depresión En Adulto Mayor··········································································· 631
3. Caídas En El Adulto Mayor············································································ 635
4. Síndrome de Fragilidad·················································································· 638
5. Polifarmacia··································································································· 643
6. Maltrato Adulto Mayor···················································································· 645
7. Deterioro Cognoscitivo - Demencia······························································· 649
8. Delirium Adulto Mayor···················································································· 655
9. Nutrición En El Adulto Mayor········································································· 664
10. Osteomalacia (Déficit Vitamina D) En El Adulto Mayor······························· 667
11. Interacciones Medicamentosas En El Adulto Mayor···································· 672
12. Hipotensión Ortostática················································································ 677
13. Enfermedad Bucal en Adulto Mayor···························································· 680
10. GINECOLOGÍA ··········································································································685
1. Vaginitis Infecciosa (Vaginosis, Cándidiasis, Tricomoniasis, Clamidia)········ 685
2. Enfermedad Pélvica Inflamatoria (EPI)·························································· 696
3. Endometriosis································································································ 703
4. Sangrado Uterino Anormal·············································································709
5. Miomatosis Uterina························································································ 717
 6. Síndrome de Ovarios Poliquístico (SOP)······················································· 722
7. Menopausia y Climaterio················································································729
8. Incontinencia Urinaria _ Cistocele··································································735
9. Infertilidad y Esterilidad·················································································· 740
10. Métodos Anticonceptivos············································································· 748
11. Amenorreas··································································································759
12. Patología Benigna de Mama········································································ 769
13. Cáncer de Mama·························································································· 779
14. VPH·············································································································· 785
15. Cáncer Cervicouterino················································································· 788
16. Tumor Pélvico Ginecológico········································································ 793
17. Cáncer de Ovario························································································· 797
18. Cáncer Endometrio······················································································ 805
19. Cáncer de Vagina y Vulva············································································ 808
20. Dismenorrea·································································································812
21. Hiperplasia Endometrio················································································ 819
22. Patología Benigna de la Vagina y Vulva······················································ 822
11. HEMATOLOGÍA ········································································································827
0. Fisiología de la Sangre···················································································827
1. Anemia Generalidades···················································································837
2. Anemia Ferropénica······················································································· 841
3. Anemia de Enfermedad Crónica···································································· 845
4. Anemias Megaloblásticas (Deficienica Ácido Fólico, Vitamina B12, Perniciosa)
·························································································································· 846
5. Anemias Hemolíticas······················································································851
6. Síndromes Mieloproliferativos (Policitemia Vera, Leucemia Mieloide Crónica,
Trombocitemia Esencial)··················································································· 861
7. Hemofilia········································································································ 869
8. Enfermedad de von Willebrand······································································ 871
9. Coagulación Intravascular Diseminada························································· 874
10. Mieloma Múltiple·························································································· 876
11. Trombocitopenia (PTI y PTT)······································································· 881
12. Linfoma de Hodgkin····················································································· 886
13. Linfoma No Hodgkin·····················································································894
14. Aplasia Medular··························································································· 899
14.1 Síndrome Mielodisplásico·········································································· 903
15. Leucemia Linfocítica Crónica······································································· 905
16. Leucemias Agudas (Linfoblástica y Mieloide)·············································· 908
17. Síndrome de Lisis Tumoral·········································································· 914
12. INFECTOLOGÍA ··········································································································917
1. Generalidades Infecto···················································································· 917
1. Bacterias································································································· 917
2. Antibióticos····························································································· 922
3. Antifúngicos···························································································· 958
4. Vigilancia Epidemiológica······································································· 967
5. Sepsis y Choque Séptico········································································969
6. Mononucleosis Infecciosa······································································ 975
7. Ébola·······································································································980
2. Respiratorio···································································································· 984
1. Neumonía Intrahospitalaria·····································································984
2. Influenza································································································· 988
3. COVID-19······························································································· 992
3. Digestivo······································································································ 1005
1. Cólera··································································································· 1005
2. Fiebre Tifoidea (Salmonella typhi y paratyphi)····································· 1008
3. Diarrea Por Clostridium········································································ 1017
4. VIH··············································································································· 1019
1. VIH - Generalidades············································································ 1019
2. VIH - Clínica y Diagnóstico··································································· 1022
3. VIH - Tratamiento················································································· 1028
4. VIH - Binomio Madre-Hijo····································································· 1035
5. VIH - Exposición Laboral······································································ 1044
6. Pneumocystis jirovecii·········································································· 1048
7. Sarcoma de Kaposi·············································································· 1050
8. Nocardia······························································································· 1053
9. Actinomicosis························································································ 1055
10. Toxoplasmosis···················································································· 1058
5. Enfermedades por atrópodos·······································································1060
1. Dengue································································································· 1060
2. Chikungunya························································································· 1069
3. Zika······································································································· 1075
4. Enfermedad de Chagas········································································ 1078
5. Paludismo (Malaria)··············································································1081
6. Leishmaniasis······················································································· 1085
7. Enfermedad del Sueño (Mosca Tsé-Tsé)············································· 1089
6. Parásitos······································································································ 1090
1. Parasitosis (Giardiasis, Amebiasis, Teniasis, Cisticercosis)················ 1090
2. Otras Parasitosis (Ascariasis, Estrongiloidiasis, Oxiuriasis, Triquinosis)
················································································································· 1102
7. Enfermedades por garrapatas y otros·························································· 1111
 1. Peste·····································································································1111
2. Enfermedad de Lyme··········································································· 1114
3. Rickettsiosis (Fiebre Mancha de las Montañas Rocosas)···················· 1117
4. Erliquiosis····························································································· 1120
8. Hongos········································································································· 1122
1. Micosis (Candidiasis, Criptococosis, Esporotricosis)··························· 1122
2. Mucormicosis························································································ 1127
9. Zoonosis·······································································································1130
1. Brucelosis (Fiebre de Malta)································································· 1130
2. Leptospirosis························································································ 1135
3. Tularemia······························································································ 1138
4. Carbunco······························································································ 1140
5. Bartonellosis (Arañazo de Gato, Fiebre de las Trincheras, Fiebre de
Oroya)······································································································· 1143
6. Fiebre Q································································································ 1149
7. Erisipeloide··························································································· 1152
8. Rabia···································································································· 1154
9. Mordeduras···························································································1156
13. NEFROLOGÍA ·········································································································· 1158
0. Anatomía y Fisiología Renal·········································································1158
1. Glomerulonefritis Generalidades································································· 1163
2. Glomerulopatías Primarias··········································································· 1169
3. Glomerulopatías Secundarias······································································ 1180
4. Enfermedad Renal Crónica·········································································· 1181
5. Nefropatía Diabética·····················································································1192
6. Lesión Renal Aguda····················································································· 1197
7. Terapia Sustitutiva de la Función Renal······················································ 1205
8. Síndrome Nefrótico······················································································ 1210
9. Síndrome Nefrítico························································································1214
10. Trastornos Ácido-Base···············································································1216
11. Trastornos Hidroelectrolíticos···································································· 1221
12. Pielonefritis·································································································1228
14. NEUMOLOGÍA ······································································································· 1231
0. Fisiología Pulmonar······················································································1231
1. Síndromes Pleuropulmonares······································································ 1235
2. EPOC··········································································································· 1242
3. Tuberculosis Pulmonar················································································ 1252
4. Neumonía Adquirida en la Comunidad Adultos··········································· 1263
5. Enfermedad Tromboembólica······································································ 1273
6. Hipertensión Arterial Pulmonar···································································· 1284
 7. Derrame Pleural··························································································· 1287
8. Enfermedades Por Inhalación de Polvos (Ocupacionales)·························· 1294
9. Actinomicosis Pulmonar··············································································· 1300
10. Aspergilosis Pulmonar··············································································· 1303
11. Coccidiomicosis························································································· 1307
12. Histoplasmosis··························································································· 1309
13. Absceso Pulmonar····················································································· 1311
15. NEUROCIRUGÍA ······································································································ 1313
1. TCE (Hematoma Epidural, Subdural, Contusión, Conmosión, Lesión Axonal
Difusa)·············································································································· 1313
2. EVC Hemorrágico························································································ 1328
3. Tumores del Sistema Nervioso Central······················································· 1337
4- Defectos del Tubo Neural (Espina Bífida)···················································· 1343
5. Síndromes de Herniación············································································· 1348
6. Muerte Encefálica························································································ 1350
7. Otras Patologías de NeuroQx······································································ 1351
16. NEUROLOGÍA ·········································································································1352
1. Escala de Glasgow······················································································ 1352
2. Síndrome de Guillain-Barré·········································································· 1358
3. Cefaleas y Migrañas···················································································· 1363
4. Enfermedad de Alzheimer············································································1372
5. Enfermedad de Parkinson············································································1382
6. Delirium········································································································ 1386
7. EVC Isquémico···························································································· 1395
8. Meningitis (Viral y Bacteriana)····································································· 1404
9. Apnea del Sueño··························································································1409
10. Esclerosis Múltiple····················································································· 1413
11. Enfermedades de la Placa Motora (Miastenia Gravis, Síndrome de Eaton-
Lambert y Botulismo)······················································································· 1418
12. Neuralgia del Trigémino············································································· 1423
13. Parálisis Facial (De Bell)············································································ 1425
14. Epilepsia·····································································································1430
15. Demencia Vascular···················································································· 1435
16. Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica···································································· 1439
17. Dolor Neuropático (Neuropatía Diabética)················································· 1442
17. OBSTETRICIA ·········································································································1444
1. Fisiología y Adaptación del Embarazo························································· 1444
2. Control Prenatal··························································································· 1457
3. Hemorragias del 1º Trimestre······································································ 1476
4. Embarazo Ectópico······················································································ 1477
 5. Enfermedad Trofoblástica Gestacional (Mola Parcial, Completa, Persistente y
Metastásica)····································································································· 1483
6. Amenaza de Aborto····················································································· 1493
7. Aborto Espontáneo······················································································ 1499
8. Insuficiencia Cervical (Cerclaje)··································································· 1509
9. Ruptura Prematura de Membranas······························································1515
9.1 Corioamnioitis···························································································· 1522
9.2 Amniocentesis···························································································· 1531
10. Diabetes Gestacional················································································· 1532
11. Trastornos Hipertensivos del Embarazo (Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Sx de
HELLP)·············································································································1544
12. Embarazo Múltiple····················································································· 1555
13. Cesárea (Tipos, Indicaciones, Contraindicaciones, Prueba de Trabajo de
Parto)··············································································································· 1566
14. RCIU·········································································································· 1572
15. Emergencias Obstétricas··········································································· 1578
16. Hemorragias 3º Trimestre·········································································· 1584
17. Placenta Previa·························································································· 1585
18. Acretismo Placentario················································································ 1592
19. DPPNI (Abruptio Placentae)······································································ 1597
20. Vasa Previa································································································ 1600
21. Ruptura Uterina·························································································· 1603
22. Aloinmunización Materna··········································································· 1605
23. Polihidramnios - Oligohidramnios······························································ 1607
24. Registro Cardiotocográfico·········································································1611
25. Elementos de Tocología·············································································1615
26. Trabajo de Parto························································································ 1626
27. Distocias·····································································································1639
28. Hemorragia Postparto (Atonía Uterina, Lesión Canal del Parto, Retención
Placentaria, Coagulopatías)············································································· 1647
29. Puerperio (Fisiológico, Inversión Uterina, Endometritis, Mastitis)··············1655
30. Fármacos en Embarazo············································································· 1661
31. TEP y TVP En Embarazo··········································································· 1665
32. Parto Pretérmino························································································ 1673
18. OFTALMOLOGÍA ······································································································1684
0. Anatomía Oftalmológica··············································································· 1684
1. Cataratas······································································································1689
2. Blefaritis, Hiposfagma, Escleritis·································································· 1691
3. Orzuelo _ Chalazión·····················································································1696
4. Glaucoma de Ángulo Abierto······································································· 1698
 5. Glaucoma de Ángulo Cerrado······································································1702
6. Glaucoma Congénito··················································································· 1706
7. Retinopatía Diabética··················································································· 1708
8. Degeneración Macular Asociada a la Edad················································· 1717
9. Desprendimiento de Retina··········································································1720
10. Ametropías y Presbicia·············································································· 1723
11. Anisocoria·································································································· 1728
12. Estrabismo································································································· 1730
13. Retinopatía del Prematuro········································································· 1735
14. Conjuntivitis································································································ 1738
15. Tracoma _ Queratoconjuntivitis································································· 1743
16. Ojo Seco _ Queratoconjuntivitis Sicca······················································· 1745
17. Queratocono······························································································ 1747
18. Trauma Ocular··························································································· 1749
19. Pinguécula _ Pterigión··············································································· 1752
20. Trauma Conjuntiva y Abrasión Corneal····················································· 1753
19. ONCOLOGÍA ··········································································································1755
1. Cáncer Cervicouterino················································································· 1755
2. Cáncer de Ovario························································································· 1760
3. Cancer de Estómago··················································································· 1768
4. Cáncer Colo Rectal······················································································ 1779
5. Cáncer de Pulmón······················································································· 1786
6. Cáncer de Laringe························································································1793
7. Cáncer de Mama·························································································· 1796
8. Cáncer de Esófago······················································································ 1803
20. OTORRINOLARINGOLOGÍA ···························································································1807
0. Anatomía del Oído························································································1807
1. Otitis Externa (Aguda y Maligna)································································· 1812
2. Otitis Media Aguda y Crónica·······································································1817
3. Complicaciones OMA (Mastoiditis, Absceso de Bezold, Parálisis Facial,
Absceso Superióstico, Laberintitis)·································································· 1824
4. Rinosinusitis Aguda······················································································1832
5. Epistaxis······································································································· 1838
6. Faringoamigdalitis Aguda············································································ 1841
7. Angina de Ludwig _ Abscesos Periamigdalinos·········································· 1845
8. Hipoacusia Neurosensorial·········································································· 1848
9. Presbiacusia·································································································1852
10. Papilomatosis Laríngea Juvenil································································· 1858
11. Vértigo Postural Paroxístico Benigno························································· 1861
12. Enfermedad de Meniere·············································································1866
 13. Neuronitis Vestibular·················································································· 1869
21. PEDIATRÍA ············································································································ 1871
1. Atención del Recién Nacido········································································· 1871
2. Antropometría del recién nacido, lactante y escolar···································· 1884
3. Crecimiento, Desarrollo y Nutrición en Menores de 5 Años························ 1895
3.1. Desnutrición en Menores de 5 Años (Kwashiorkor y Marasmo)··············· 1902
4. Trastorno Específico del Desarrollo Psicomotor en Niños··························· 1914
4.1 Pelagra······································································································· 1917
4.2 Raquitismo································································································· 1919
4.3 Tamiz Neonatal·························································································· 1922
5. Lactancia Materna- Medicamentos······························································ 1932
6. Infección de Vías Urinarias·········································································· 1942
7. Pielonefritis···································································································1948
8. Reflujo Vesicoureteral·················································································· 1950
9. Reflujo Gastroesofágico··············································································· 1953
10. Estreñimiento (Constipación)····································································· 1957
11. Alergia Alimentaria en los Niños································································ 1963
12. Apnea del Prematuro················································································· 1968
13. Fiebre Sin Foco en Menores de 5 Años····················································· 1973
14. Rubéola······································································································ 1979
14.1 Roséola (Exantema Súbito)····································································· 1983
15. Parotiditis··································································································· 1985
16. Diarrea Aguda y Reposición de Líquidos··················································· 1988
17. Intolerancia a la Lactosa············································································ 1992
18. Alergia a la Proteína de la Leche de Vaca················································· 1995
19. Intoxicaciones Agudas en Pediatría··························································· 1997
20. Neuroblastoma··························································································· 2013
21. Tumor de Wilms························································································· 2017
22. Retinoblastoma·························································································· 2019
23. Bronquiolitis································································································2022
23. Neumonía Adquirida en la Comunidad······················································ 2026
25. Maltrato Infantil···························································································2030
26. Sobrepeso y Obesidad···············································································2033
27. Tos Crónica································································································ 2042
28. Tosferina y Síndrome Coqueluchoide························································ 2044
29. Epiglotitis···································································································· 2047
30. Laringotraqueitis (CRUP)··········································································· 2049
31. Asma Infantil······························································································ 2052
32. Onfalitis······································································································ 2065
33. Asfixia Neonatal························································································· 2068
34. Estenosis Hipertrófica del Píloro································································ 2072
35. Taquipnea Transitoria del Recién Nacido _ Retención de Líquido Pulmonar
························································································································ 2075
36. Neumonía Neonatal··················································································· 2077
37. Síndrome de Aspiración de Meconio························································· 2079
38. Displasia Broncopulmonar········································································· 2082
39. Enfermedad de Membrana Hialina _ Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria
························································································································ 2084
40. Insuficiencia Cardíaca Pediátrica······························································· 2087
41. Cardiopatías Cianógenas··········································································· 2091
42. Cardiopatías Acianógenas········································································· 2096
43. Cardiopatías Congénitas en Mayores de 5 Años······································· 2102
44. Enfermedad de Kawasaki·········································································· 2104
45. Enfermedades Exantemáticas··································································· 2108
46. Pediculosis································································································· 2111
47. Sarampión·································································································· 2112
48. Varicela······································································································ 2116
49. Eritema Infeccioso······················································································2120
50. Escarlatina································································································· 2123
50.1 Enfermedad Pie Mano Boca···································································· 2126
51. Abdomen Agudo En Pediatría···································································· 2128
52 Invaginación Intestinal·················································································2137
53. Vacunación en la Infancia·········································································· 2140
54. Ictericia Neonatal······················································································· 2152
55. Hepatoblastoma························································································· 2163
56. Crisis Febriles···························································································· 2165
57. Epilepsia·····································································································2167
58. Atresia Traqueoesofágica·········································································· 2177
59. Atresia Duodenal························································································2179
60. Atresia Yeyunoileal···················································································· 2181
61. Gastrosquisis _ Onfalocele········································································ 2184
62. Infecciones Congénitas (TORCH)······························································2187
63. Síndrome de Muerte Súbita del Lactante··················································· 2194
64. Meningitis _ Encefalitis···············································································2196
65. Cuerpo Extraño En la Vía Aérea································································ 2203
66. Enfermedad Celiaca···················································································2206
67. Encefalopatía Hipóxico-Isquémica (Asfixia Perinatal)································2209
68. Sepsis Neonatal························································································· 2220
69. Enterocolitis Necrosante············································································ 2233
70. Reanimación Neonatal··············································································· 2237
22. PSIQUIATRÍA ·········································································································· 2263
1. Medicamentos En Psiquiatría·······································································2263
2. Depresión····································································································· 2268
3. Esquizofrenia······························································································· 2276
4. Trastorno Afectivo Bipolar············································································ 2281
5. Trastornos de Ansiedad··············································································· 2287
6. Trastornos Conducta Alimenticia································································· 2295
7. Insomnio Crónico························································································· 2303
8. Abuso de Sustancias··················································································· 2308
9. TDAH··········································································································· 2317
10. Síndrome de Munchausen········································································· 2325
11. Ciberadicción····························································································· 2327
23. REUMATOLOGÍA ····································································································2328
1. Artritis Reumatoide·······················································································2328
2. Fibromialgia··································································································2335
3. Polimiositis y Dermatomiositis····································································· 2338
4. Gota y Pseudogota······················································································ 2343
5. Esclerosis Sistémica···················································································· 2349
6. Espondiloartropatías Seronegativas···························································· 2352
7. Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico·······································································2362
8. Vasculitis Generalidades············································································· 2370
8.1 Vasculitis Grandes Vasos (Temporal y Takayasu)···································· 2372
8.2 Vasculitis Medianos Vasos (PAN y Kawasaki)·········································· 2378
8.3 Vasculitis Pequeños Vasos( microPAN, Churg-Strauss, Wegener, Henoch-
Schonlein, Crioglobulina)················································································· 2383
9. Osteoporosis································································································ 2389
10. Fiebre Reumática······················································································· 2392
11. Síndrome Antifosfolípido············································································ 2395
12. Síndrome de Sjogren················································································· 2398
13. Artritis Idiopática Juvenil············································································ 2400
14. Enfermedad de Paget················································································ 2404
24. TOXICOLOGÍA ········································································································2406
1. Mordedura de Araña···················································································· 2406
2. Mordedura de Serpiente·············································································· 2413
3. Picadura de Alacrán····················································································· 2418
4. Intoxicación Por Paracetamol······································································ 2421
5. Intoxicación Por Opiáceos··········································································· 2425
6. Intoxicación Por Benzodiacepinas······························································· 2429
7.Intoxicación Por Monóxido De Carbono························································2432
8. Intoxicación Por Agroquímicos (Organofosforados)···································· 2437
 9. Intoxicación Por Metales Pesados······························································· 2442
10. Intoxicación Por Hierro··············································································· 2447
11. Intoxicación Por Digoxina···········································································2450
12. Intoxicación Sosa Cáustica········································································ 2453
13. Intoxicación Salicilatos··············································································· 2455
14. Toxíndromes······························································································ 2457
TOXINDROMES······················································································· 2457
25. TRAUMATOLOGÍA Y ORTOPEDIA ················································································2458
1. Displasia Congénita de Cadera··································································· 2458
2. Pie Plano······································································································ 2466
3. Síndrome del Túnel del Carpo····································································· 2469
4. Luxación de Hombro···················································································· 2472
5. Fracturas de Radio Distal·············································································2477
6. Síndrome del Manguito Rotador·································································· 2481
7. Fracturas de la Diáfisis del Húmero····························································· 2486
8. Osteomielitis·································································································2489
9. Artritis Séptica······························································································ 2491
10. Osteosarcoma···························································································· 2494
11. Sarcoma de Ewing····················································································· 2496
12. Condrosarcoma··························································································2498
13. Osteocondroma··························································································2499
14. Tumor de Células Gigantes······································································· 2501
15. Osteoma Osteoide····················································································· 2503
16. Esguince Cervical······················································································ 2505
17. Lumbalgia Aguda y Crónica······································································· 2508
18. Lesiones Ligamentarias de la Rodilla························································ 2511
19. Esguince de Tobillo···················································································· 2515
20. Fractura de Cadera···················································································· 2519
21- Luxación Codo de Niñera·········································································· 2523
22. Tortícolis Muscular Congénita···································································· 2524
23. Osteoartrosis······························································································ 2525
24. Fracturas Expuestas _ Síndrome Compartimental···································· 2529
25. Osteocondrosis·························································································· 2533
26. Pie Equino Varo························································································· 2534
27. Luxación de Cadera··················································································· 2536
28. Lesiones Fisiarias······················································································ 2539
26. URGENCIAS ··········································································································2542
1. Trauma Torácico·························································································· 2542
2. Neumotórax (Simple, A Tensión, Abierto, Tórax Inestable)························· 2555
3. Hemotórax (Simple y Masivo)······································································ 2562
 4. Taponamiento Cardiaco··············································································· 2567
5. Ruptura de Aorta Traumática······································································· 2571
6. Fracturas Costales y Tórax Inestable·························································· 2574
7. Lesión del Árbol Traqueobronquial······························································ 2580
8. Contusión Pulmonar y Contusión Cardiaca················································· 2582
9. Ruptura Diafragmática················································································· 2585
10. Trauma Abdominal····················································································· 2587
11. Traumatismo Pélvico··················································································2597
12. Traumatismo Genitourinario······································································ 2600
13. Tipos de Choque (Hipovolémico, Cardiogénico, Obstructivo, Neurogénico,
Séptico)············································································································ 2606
14. Choque Hipovolémico················································································ 2611
15. Cirugía de Control de Daños······································································ 2614
16. TCE Manejo······························································································· 2617
17. BLS············································································································ 2627
18. ACLS·········································································································· 2633
19. Amputación de Miembro············································································ 2641
20. Hipotermia·································································································· 2642
27. UROLOGÍA ·············································································································2644
1. Infecciones del Tracto Urinario···································································· 2644
2. Infección Tracto Urinario Embarazadas······················································· 2650
3. Hiperplasia Prostática Benigna···································································· 2652
4. Cáncer Renal······························································································· 2657
5. Cáncer Testicular························································································· 2662
6. Urolitiasis······································································································2668
7. Varicocele···································································································· 2672
8. Cáncer de Próstata······················································································ 2675
9. Escroto Agudo (Torsión Testicular, Torsión Hidátide, Epididimitis)············· 2680
10. Orquitis······································································································· 2684
11. Hidrocele···································································································· 2686
12. Prostatitis··································································································· 2689
13. Disfunción Eréctil······················································································· 2692
14. Vasectomía································································································ 2694
 ALERGOLOGÍA

REACCIONES DE HIPERSENSIBILIDAD
DEFINICIÓN
Las respuestas inmunes normales, tanto celulares como humorales, nos permiten el reconocimiento de lo
propio y la eliminación de patógenos. Cuando estas respuestas son exageradas, o se producen frente a
sustancias normalmente inocuas, inician enfermedades, y las denominamos mecanismos de daño o
mecanismos de hipersensibilidad

CLASIFICACIÓN

Existen cuatro tipos de reacciones de hipersensibilidad, descritos por GELL Y COOMBS.

§ Dermatitis Atópica
§ Anafilaxia
IgE
J Tipo I ALERGIA INMEDIATA § Asma
(Mastocitos y
O § Rinitis Alérgica
Basófilos)
Y § URTICARIA
A § Anemia Hemolítica Autoinmune
S § Trombocitopenia
§ Eritroblastosis Fetal
§ Pénfigo Vulgar
§ Síndrome de Goodpasture
ANTICUERPOS IgM o IgG
E § Miastenia Gravis
Tipo II CITOTÓXICOS Complemento
N § Tiroiditis Hashimoto
DEPENDIENTE
A § Enfermedad de GRAVES
R § Rechazo Hiperagudo de Injerto
M § Prueba de Coombs
§ Vasculitis ANCA +
§ URTICARIA CRÓNICA
§ LES
§ Púrpura de Henoch Schönlein (ANCA -) IgG
ENFERMEDAD DE
Tipo III § Reacción de Arthus Complemento
COMPLEJO INMUNE
§ Enfermedad del Suero
§ Artritis Reumatoide
§ Dermatitis por Contacto Alérgica
§ Test de Mantoux (PPD)
MEDIADA POR CÉLULAS § Prueba de Montenegro
Linfocitos T
Tipo IV (HIPERSENSIBILIDAD § Esclerosis Múltiple
RETARDADA) § Rechazo crónico de órgano
§ Exantema Morbiliforme
§ Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson /NET

© Copyright 2021-2022 Joyas ENARM - Todos los derechos reservados -

 ALERGOLOGÍA

HIPERSENSIBILIDAD TIPO I

Comúnmente llamada “reacciones alérgicas” se caracteriza por montar una respuesta inmune, mediada por
IGE CONTRA UN ALÉRGENO, produciendo una inflamación daño tisular.

J
O
Y
A
S

Los mastocitos tienen un papel clave en las reacciones alérgicas. Su localización es estratégica, se encuentran
en mucosa, submucosa, tracto intestinal y respiratorio, piel y órganos linfoides. Se activan por
E entrecruzamiento de IgE unidas a Rfcel y directamente por sustancias biológicas como neuropéptidos, C5a y
N quimiocinas.
A
R
M
CONSECUENCIAS
• Anafilaxia sitémica: relacionada con la liberación sistémica de histamina y otros mediadores. Puede causar
shock anafiláctico (hipotensión, distrés respiratorio, contracción uterina y GI, urticaria, angioedema)

• Anafilaxia Localizada:
o Rinitis à Aeroalérgeno à Matocito (en mucosa nasal) à Mediadores inflamatorios à Edema
local, irritación secreción

• Asma à Alérgenos inhalados à mucosa bronquial à Linfocitos T à TH2 à producción altoa IgE

Ejemplos:

Þ Dermatitis Atópica
Þ Rinitis Alérgica
Þ Asma
Þ Anafilaxia
Þ Urticaria
 ALERGOLOGÍA

HIPERSENSIBILIDAD TIPO II
Por ANTICUERPOS CITOTÓXICOS.

Existen anticuerpos circulantes que se unen a células diana. La lisis se produce por fijación del complemento
o por citotoxicidad mediada por anticuerpos (NK).

Como consecuencia de la activación del complemento, se liberan fragmentos quimiotácticos (como C5a) que
provocan la infiltración de polimorfonucleares.

Ejemplos:

ü Enfermedad Hemolítica del RN (incompatibilidad Rh)

ü Rechazo Hiepragudo de trasplantes.
ü Enfermedad de Graves
ü Miastenia Gravis

J
O
HIPERSENSIBILIDAD TIPO III
Y
Patología por DEPÓSITO DE INMUNOCOMPLEJOS.
A
S
Los inmunocomplejos son agregados de antígeno, anticuerpos y complemento que normalmente son retirados
de la circulación por fagocitosis directa o por transporte de los mismos hacia órganos, como el bazo, donde
también son fagocitados por los monocitos-macrófagos.

E Ejemplos.
N
A ü Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (Algunas de sus manifestaciones)
R ü Enfermedad del suero.
M ü Reacción de Arthus
ü Artritis Reumatoide

HIPERSENSIBILIDAD TIPO IV
REACCIONES TARDÍAS MEDIADAS POR CÉLULAS.

El prototipo es la reacción de Mantoux: que se produce tras la administración de TUBERCULINA a un paciente

previamente sensibilizado. La reacción aparece a las 48 – 72 horas como una induración en el área de inyección.

Ejemplos:

ü Mantoux (PPD Tuberculina) à positiva +5mm VIH, Resto +10mm

ü Rechazo AGUDO de trasplantes (no confundir con el hiperagudo)
ü Granulomas
ü Exantema morbiliforme (la primera vez sucede hasta 7 días post exposición)
 ALERGOLOGÍA

RINITIS ALÉRGICA
DEFINICIÓN
Es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de la mucosa nasal mediada por anticuerpos IgE contra alérgenos
específicos y por células y sustancias pro-inflamatorias. Los síntomas se desencadenan por la exposición a
alérgenos. RESPUESTA DE HIPERSENSIBILIDAD TIPO I.

CLASIFICIACIÓN

De acuerdo a su temporalidad:
J
O INTERMITENTE PERSISTENTE
Y Menos de 4 días a la semana +4 días a la semana
A
S Menos de 4 meses de duración +4 meses de duración

De acuerdo a su impacto en calidad de vida:

LEVE MODERADA / GRAVE

Sueños sin alteraciones Alteraciones en el sueño
Sin repercusión en actividades diarias (laboral, Interferencia en las actividades diarias (laboral,
escolar o deportiva) escolar o deportiva)
E Síntomas tolerables Síntomas molestos
N
A
R EPIDEMIOLOGÍA
M
Þ El 10 – 20 % de la población mundial la padece
Þ Ha ido en aumento de forma considerable.
Þ Es la condición atópica más frecuente DESENCADENTANTES:
Þ La mayoría desarrolla sintomatología antes de los 20 años de edad. § Ácaros de Polvo (el más)
Þ Es una importante causa de pérdida de productividad en el trabajo. § Polenes
Þ Asociada Asma en 60% y a Dermatitis Atópica 25% § Esporas
§ Epitelio de Animales
§ Alérgenos ocupacionales
FACTORES DE RIESGO
• Antecedente de atopia familiar Se recomienda usar fundas
• Género masculino impermeables del colchón y
• Primogéntio. almohadas par reducir la exposición a
• AMBIENTE FAMILIAR FUMADOR ácaros
• Uso temprano de antibióticos
• Exposición ambiental (Tabaquismo, ácaros, estacional, animales)
 ALERGOLOGÍA

CLÍNICA Estigmas Alérgicos:

• Saludo Nasal
• Rinorrea Hialina (Presentación Estacional) • Respiración Oral
• Obstrucción nasal (SÍNTOMA PERENE) • Línea Nasal
• Estornudos en salva • Ojeras
• Prurito nasal • Líneas de Dennie-Morgan
• Síntomas conjuntivales

FASCIE ADENOIDEA à

J
O
Y DIAGNÓSTICO
A
S 1ra elección: CUADRO CLÍNICO.

CITOLOGÍA NASAL POSITIVA à en 2º nivel (distingue alérgico de infeccioso)

§ Es el ESTUDIO DE CONFIRMACIÓN.
§ Positivo con +10% de Eosinófilos
§ Tiene una sensibilidad del 18% y una especificidad del 96%.

E
N PRUEBAS CUTÁNEAS (PRICK TEST) à en 3º nivel por Alergólogo
A
R § Indicado después de 3 meses sin mejoría.
M § Al realizarla se debe suspender la Clorfenamina por 3 días y si es con Loratadina o Fexofenadina debe ser
por 10 días previos.
§ Contraindicada si hay Dermografismo, Embarazo o lesiones extensas en la piel.

PRUEBAS INTRADÉRMICAS

§ Cuando las pruebas cutáneas son negativas o

debilmente positivas pero sospecha
alta.