Astm A490-09
Astm A490-09
1
A 490M – 09
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Type 1 Bolts 4.1.2 Size, including nominal bolt diameter, thread pitch,
and bolt length;
Element Heat Analysis, % Product
Analysis, %
4.1.3 Name of product: metric heavy hex structural bolts;
Carbon
4.1.4 Type of bolt (Type 1 or 3). When type is not specified,
For sizes through M30 0.30–0.48 0.28–0.50 either Type 1 or Type 3 shall be furnished at the supplier’s
For size M36 0.35–0.53 0.33–0.55 option;
Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.045
Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045
4.1.5 ASTM designation and year of issue;
Alloying Elements → See 6.1 ← 4.1.6 Other components such as nuts, washers, and washer-
type direct tension indicators, if required;
4.1.7 Certification, if required (see Section 16); and
TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements for Type 3 Bolts 4.1.8 Protective Coating per Specification F 1136M, Grade
3, if required. See 5.3.
Element Heat Analysis, % Product Analysis, %
4.1.9 Special requirements, if required.
Carbon 4.1.10 For establishment of a part identifying system, see
Sizes M20 and smaller 0.20–0.53 0.19–0.55
Sizes larger than M20. 0.30–0.53 0.28–0.55 ASME B18.24.
Manganese, min 0.40 0.37
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040 NOTE 1—A typical ordering description follows: 1000 pieces M24 3 3
Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045 3 100 mm long, heavy hex structural bolt, Type 1, ASTM A 490 M– 03;
Copper 0.20–0.60 0.17–0.63 each with two hardened washers, ASTM F 436M, Type 1; and one heavy
Chromium, min 0.45 0.42 hex nut, ASTM A 563M, Grade DH.
Nickel, min 0.20 0.17
or 4.2 Recommended Nuts
Molybdenum, min 0.15 0.14 4.2.1 Nuts conforming to the requirements of Specification
A 563M are the recommended nuts for use with Specification
A 490M heavy hex structural bolts. The nuts shall be of the
Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels class and have a surface finish for each type of bolt as follows.
2.2 ASME Standards:4 Bolt Type and Finish Nut Class and Finish
B1.13M Metric Screw Threads
B18.2.3.7M Metric Heavy Hex Structural Bolts 1, plain (uncoated) A 563M—10S, 10S3, plain (uncoated)
B18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan- 1, coated in accordance with A 563M—10S, 10S3
dard for B18 Fastener Products F 1136M, Grade 3 coated in accordance with
2.3 ISO Standards:4 F 1136M, Grade 5
7412 Hexagon Bolts for High Strength Structural 3, weathering steel A 563M—10S3, weathering steel
Bolting With Large Width Across Flats (Short Thread
Length)–Product Grade C–Property Classes 8.8 and 10.9 4.3 Recommended Washers
2.4 SAE Standards5: 4.3.1 Washers conforming to Specification F 436M are the
J121 Decarburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded recommended washers for use with Specification F 490M
Fasteners heavy hex structural bolts. The washers shall have a surface
2.5 IFI Standard 6: finish for each type of bolt as follows.
IFI 144 Test Evaluation Procedures for Coating Qualifica- Bolt Type and Finish Washer Finish
tion Intended for Use on High-Strength Structural Bolts 1, plain (uncoated) plain (uncoated)
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A 490M – 09
5.3.1 When a protective coating is required and specified, 7.2.1 Except as permitted in 7.2.2 for long bolts and 7.2.3
the bolts shall be coated with Zinc/Aluminum Corrosion for short bolts, nominal bolt diameters M24 and smaller having
Protective Coatings in accordance with F 1136M Grade 3, a length of 21⁄4 D and longer, and nominal bolt diameters larger
which has been qualified in accordance with IFI 1447. than M24 having a length of 3D and longer shall be wedge
5.3.2 No other metallic coatings are permitted unless autho- tested full size and shall conform to the minimum wedge
rized by Committee F16. Future consideration of any coating tensile load, and proof load or alternative proof load specified
will be based on a review of test results submitted to Commit- in Table 4. The load achieved during proof load testing shall be
tee F16 in accordance with the requirements of IFI 144. equal to or greater than the specified proof load.
7.2.2 When the length of the bolt makes full-size testing
6. Chemical Composition impractical, machined specimens shall be tested and shall
6.1 Type 1 bolts shall be alloy steel conforming to the conform to the requirements specified in Table 5. When bolts
chemical composition requirements in Table 1. The steel shall are tested by both full-size and machined specimen methods,
contain sufficient alloying elements to qualify it as an alloy the full-size test shall take precedence.
steel (see Note 2). 7.2.3 Nominal bolt diameters M24 and smaller having a
length shorter than 21⁄4 D down to 2D inclusive, which cannot
NOTE 2—Steel is considered to be alloy, by the American Iron and Steel be wedge tensile tested shall be axially tension tested full size
Institute, when the maximum of the range given for the content of alloying
elements exceeds one or more of the following limits: manganese, 1.65 %;
and shall conform to the minimum tensile load and proof load
silicon, 0.60 %; copper, 0.60 %; or in which a definite range or a definite or alternate proof load specified in Table 4. Nominal bolt
minimum quantity of any of the following elements is specified or diameters M24 and smaller having a length shorter than 2D
required within the limits of the recognized field of constructional alloy which cannot be axially tensile tested shall be qualified on the
steels: aluminum, chromium up to 3.99 %, cobalt, columbium, molybde- basis of hardness.
num, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any other 7.2.4 For bolts on which both hardness and tension tests are
alloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.
performed, acceptance based on tensile requirements shall take
6.2 Type 3 bolts shall be weathering steel conforming to the precedence in the event of low hardness readings.
chemical composition requirements in Table 2. See Guide
G 101 for methods of estimating the atmospheric corrosion 8. Carburization/Decarburization
resistance of low alloy steel. 8.1 Definition—This test is intended to evaluate the pres-
6.3 Product analyses made on finished bolts representing ence or absence of carburization and decarburization as deter-
each lot shall conform to the product analysis requirements mined by the difference in microhardness near the surface and
specified in Table 1 or Table 2, as applicable. core.
6.4 Applications of heats of steel to which bismuth, sele- 8.2 Requirements:
nium, tellurium, or lead has been intentionally added shall not 8.2.1 Carburization—The bolts shall show no evidence of a
be permitted for bolts. Compliance with this requirement shall carburized surface when evaluated in accordance with the
be based on a statement on the steel certificate indicating that hardness methods established in SAE J121.
these elements were not intentionally added. 8.2.2 Decarburization—Hardness value differences shall
6.5 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordance not exceed the requirements set forth for decarburization in
with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A 751. SAE J121 for Class 2/3H materials.
8.3 Procedure—Testing for carburization/decarburization
7. Mechanical Properties shall be performed in accordance with the microhardness
7.1 Hardness—The bolts shall conform to the hardness (referee) methods established in SAE J121.
specified in Table 3.
9. Dimensions
7.2 Tensile Properties:
9.1 Head and Body:
9.1.1 The bolts shall conform to the dimensions for heavy
hex structural bolts specified in ASME B18.2.3.7M for nomi-
7
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
nal bolt diameter M16 to M36 inclusive and ISO 7412 for size
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:F16–1001. M12.
9.2 Threads:
TABLE 3 Hardness Requirements for Bolt Sizes 9.2.1 Threads shall Metric Coarse Thread Series as specified
M12 to M36 Inclusive in ASME B1.13M, and shall have Grade 6g tolerance.
Nominal Bolt Brinell Rockwell C 9.2.2 The thread length shall not be changed from that
LengthA
Diameter, mm min max min max specified for heavy hex structural bolts in ASME B18.2.3.7M
M12 to M24, Less than 2D 311 352 33 39
and ISO 7412 in 9.1.1. Bolts requiring thread lengths other
inclusive 2D and longer ... 352 ... 39 than those required by this specification shall be ordered under
Over M24 to M36, Less than 3D 311 352 33 39 Specification F 568M, Class 10.9 and 10.9.3.
inclusive 3D and longer ... 352 ... 39
A
Heavy hex structural bolts M24 and smaller and shorter than 2D are subject 10. Workmanship
only to minimum and maximum hardness. Heavy hex structural bolts larger than
M24 to M36 inclusive and shorter than 3D are subject only to minimum and 10.1 The allowable limits, inspection, and evaluation of the
maximum hardness. surface discontinuities, quench cracks, forging cracks, head
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A 490M – 09
TABLE 4 Tensile Load Requirements for Full-Size Bolts
Alternative Proof
Proof Load,B
Nominal Bolt Diameter Tensile Load,B kN Load,B
kN
and Thread Pitch, Stress Area,A mm2 kN
mm Length Measure- Yield Strength
min max
ment Method Method
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6
M12 3 1.75 84.3 87.7 103 70 79.2
M16 3 2 157 163 190 130 148
M20 3 2.5 245 255 296 203 230
M22 3 2.5 303 315 366 251 285
M24 3 3 353 367 427 293 332
M27 3 3 459 477 555 381 431
M30 3 3.5 561 583 679 466 527
M36 3 4 817 850 989 678 768
A
The stress area is calculated as follows:
As = 0.7854 [D − (0.9382P)2
where:
As = stress area, mm2
D = nominal bolt size, mm, and
n = thread pitch, mm.
B
Loads tabulated and loads to be used for tests of full-size bolts larger than 36 mm in diameter are based on the following:
TABLE 5 Tensile Strength Requirements for Specimens TABLE 6 Sample Sizes with Acceptance and Rejection Numbers
Machined from Bolts for Inspection of Rejectable Longitudinal Discontinuities and
Transverse Cracks
Tensile Yield
Strength, Strength Elongation Reduction Acceptance Rejection
Nominal Bolt Lot Size Sample Size,A
MPa (0.2 % in 50 mm, of Area, NumberA Number
Diameter, mm
offset), min, % min, %
min max 2 to 50 all 0 1
min, MPa
51 to 500 50 0 1
M12 to M36, 1040 1210 940 14 40 501 to 1200 80 0 1
inclusive 1201 to 3200 125 0 1
3201 to 10 000 200 0 1
A
Inspect all bolts in the lot if lot size is less than sample size.
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A 490M – 09
11.3.1 Nonconforming Bolts—Any bolt with a longitudinal 12.5.2 For carburization and decarburization tests, not less
discontinuity (located parallel to the axis of the bolt in the than one sample unit per manufactured lot shall be tested for
threads, body, fillet, or underside of head), with a depth normal microhardness.
to the surface greater than 0.03D, where D is the nominal
diameter in millimetres, shall be considered nonconforming. In 13. Test Methods
addition, any bolt with a transverse crack (located perpendicu- 13.1 Tensile, Proof Load, and Hardness:
lar to the axis of the bolt in the threads, body, fillet, or 13.1.1 Tensile, proof load, and hardness tests shall be
underside of head) detectable by magnetic particle inspection conducted in accordance with Test Methods F 606M.
when examined as specified in 11.2.4, shall be considered 13.1.2 Tensile strength shall be determined using the Wedge
nonconforming. or Axial Tension Testing Method of Full Size Product Method
or the Machined Test Specimens Method, depending on size
12. Number of Tests and Retests and length as specified in 7.2.1-7.2.4. Fracture on full-size tests
12.1 Testing Responsibility: shall be in the body or threads of the bolt without a fracture at
12.1.1 Each lot shall be tested by the manufacturer prior to the junction of the head and body.
shipment in accordance with the lot identification control 13.1.3 Proof load shall be determined using Method 1,
quality assurance plan in 12.2-12.5. Length Measurement, or Method 2, Yield Strength, at the
12.1.2 When bolts are furnished by a source other than the option of the manufacturer.
manufacturer, the Responsible Party as defined in 18.1 shall be 13.2 Carburization/Decarburization—Tests shall be con-
responsible for assuring all tests have been performed and the ducted in accordance with SAE J121 Hardness Method.
bolts comply with the requirements of this specification. 13.3 Microhardness—Tests shall be conducted in accor-
12.2 Purpose of Lot Inspection—The purpose of a lot dance with Test Method E 384.
inspection program shall be to ensure that each lot as repre- 13.4 Magnetic Particle—Inspection shall be conducted in
sented by the samples tested conforms to the requirements of accordance with Section 11.
this specification. For such a plan to be fully effective, it is 14. Inspection
essential that secondary processors, distributors, and purchas-
ers maintain the identification and integrity of each lot until the 14.1 If the inspection described in 14.2 is required by the
product is installed. purchaser, it shall be specified in the inquiry and contract or
12.3 Lot Method—All bolts shall be processed in accor- order.
dance with a lot identification-control quality assurance plan. 14.2 The purchaser’s representative shall have free entry to
The manufacturer, secondary processors, and distributors shall all parts of manufacturer’s works or supplier’s place of
identify and maintain the integrity of each lot of bolts from business that concern the manufacture of the material ordered.
raw-material selection through all processing operations and The manufacturer or supplier shall afford the purchaser’s
treatments to final packing and shipment. Each lot shall be representative all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the
assigned its own lot-identification number, each lot shall be material is being furnished in accordance with this specifica-
tested, and the inspection test reports for each lot shall be tion. All tests and inspections required by the specification that
retained. are requested by the purchaser’s representative shall be made
12.4 Lot Definition: before shipment, and shall be conducted as not to interfere
12.4.1 Standard Lot—A lot shall be a quantity of uniquely unnecessarily with the operation of the manufacturer’s works
identified heavy hex structural bolts of the same nominal bolt or supplier’s place of business.
diameter and length produced consecutively at the initial 15. Rejection and Rehearing
operation from a single mill heat of material and processed at
15.1 Disposition of nonconforming bolts shall be in accor-
one time, by the same process, in the same manner, so that
dance with the section titled “Disposition of Nonconforming
statistical sampling is valid. The identity of the lot and lot
Lots” in Guide F 1470.
integrity shall be maintained throughout all subsequent opera-
tions and packaging. 16. Certification
12.5 Number of Tests:
16.1 When specified on the purchase order, the manufac-
12.5.1 The minimum number of tests from each lot for the
turer or supplier, whichever is the responsible party as defined
tests specified below shall be as follows:
in Section 17, shall furnish the purchaser a test report that
Tests Number of Tests in Accordance with
includes the following:
Hardness, tensile strength, proof load Guide F 1470 16.1.1 Heat analysis, heat number, and a statement certify-
ing that heats having bismuth, selenium, tellurium, or lead
Coating weight/thickness Specification F 1136MA
intentionally added were not used to produce the bolts;
Surface discontinuities Specification F 788/F 788M 16.1.2 Results of hardness, tensile, and proof load tests;
16.1.3 Results of magnetic particle inspection for longitu-
Magnetic particle inspection Table 6
dinal discontinuities and transverse cracks;
Dimensions and thread fit ASME B18.2.3.7M and ASME B1.13M 16.1.4 Results of tests and inspections for surface disconti-
A
Guide F 1470 applies if the coating specification does not specify a testing nuities including visual inspection for head bursts;
frequency. 16.1.5 Results of carburization and decarburization tests;
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A 490M – 09
16.1.6 Statement of compliance with dimensional and 18.5 Type and manufacturer’s or private label distributor’s
thread fit requirements; identification shall be separate and distinct. The two identifi-
16.1.7 Lot number and purchase order number; cations shall preferably be in different locations and, when on
16.1.8 Complete mailing address of responsible party; and the same level, shall be separated by at least two spaces.
16.1.9 Title and signature of the individual assigned certi-
fication responsibility by the company officers. 19. Packaging and Package Marking
16.2 Failure to include all the required information on the
19.1 Packaging:
test report shall be cause for rejection.
19.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, packaging shall be in
17. Responsibility accordance with Practice D 3951.
17.1 The party responsible for the fastener shall be the 19.1.2 When special packaging requirements are required,
organization that supplies the fastener to the purchaser. they shall be defined at the time of the inquiry and order.
18. Product Marking 19.2 Package Marking:
19.2.1 Each shipping unit shall include or be plainly marked
18.1 Manufacturer’s Identification—All Type 1 and Type 3
with the following information:
bolts shall be marked by the manufacturer with a unique
identifier to identify the manufacturer or private label distribu- 19.2.1.1 ASTM designation and type,
tor, as appropriate. 19.2.1.2 Size, including nominal bolt diameter, thread pitch,
18.2 Grade Identification: and bolt length,
18.2.1 Type 1 bolts shall be marked “A 490M.” 19.2.1.3 Name and brand or trademark of the manufacturer,
18.2.2 Type 3 bolts shall be marked “A 490M” underlined. 19.2.1.4 Number of pieces,
The use of additional distinguishing marks to indicate the bolts 19.2.1.5 Lot number,
are weathering steel shall be at the manufacturer’s option. 19.2.1.6 Purchase order number, and
18.3 Marking Location and Methods—All marking shall be
19.2.1.7 Country of origin.
located on the top of the bolt head and shall be either raised or
depressed at the manufacturer’s option.
18.4 Acceptance Criteria—Bolts that are not marked in 20. Keywords
accordance with these provisions shall be considered noncon- 20.1 alloy steel; bolts; metric; SI; steel; structural; weath-
forming and subject to rejection. ering steel
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (F 490M-08)
that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2009.)
Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A 490M-04a´1) that may impact the use of this standard.
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