CASE SCENARIO
A 45-year-old male worker, a diabetic and hypertensive, presented with 6 months history of
angina. His cardiac stress test was positive for ischemia, and a coronary angiography was
planned and performed(catheter insertion site shown in figure). After 4 hours of stay in the
hospital, he reached his home on the second floor, after climbing the steps. After an hour, he
noticed bleeding from the plastered area on the upper thigh.
1. Which structure is affected and why?
2. Give the anatomical basis for selecting this structure for the procedure
3. How can the bleeding be controlled?
CASE SCENARIO
An adult female complains of swelling in the right upper thigh just below the groin. She also
complains of some groin discomfort that gets worse when she stands, lifts heavy objects or
strains. A diagnosis of femoral hernia was made.
1. Explain the anatomical basis of femoral hernias
2. Why are femoral hernias more common in females?
CASE SCENARIO
A 35-year-oldmale had a gun shot injury to his left buttock and was admitted to the hospital.
After being discharged from the hospital, he noticed a characteristic limp in his gait as seen in
the figure. While walking there was sagging of his right hip. On examination,
Trendelenburg’s test was found to be positive.
1. Which structures are likely to have been damaged by the injury?
2. What is Trendelenburg’s test?
3. Explain the anatomical basis of the positive Trendelenburg test in this patient.
4. What is the name given to the abnormal gait seen in this patient?
CASE SCENARIO
Gluteal intramuscular injections as shown in the figure are commonly performed medical
procedures.
1. In which quadrant of the gluteal region are intramuscular injections given?
2. What is the anatomical basis for giving the injection in this quadrant?
3. Into which muscle is the injection given?
CASE SCENARIO
A 55-year-old bus conductor came to the surgeon with complaints of an ulcer on the medial
aspect of the right ankle area for the past two months and painful swellings in the groin for a
week. On examination, it was found that the veins of the lower limb were dilated and tortuous
as seen in the figure.He was diagnosed to have varicose veins.
1. Explain the anatomical basis for this condition.
2. Explain the anatomical basis for the tender swellings in the groin.
CASE SCENARIO
A 25-year-old male had a bike accident, after which he was unable to walk and subsequently
hospitalised. On examination, there was swelling and tenderness on the upper lateral aspect
of the right leg. The patient was unable to dorsiflex his right foot as shown in the figure. A
radiograph of the right leg revealed a fracture of the neck of the fibula.
1. What is the clinical condition?
2. Explain the anatomical basis of the condition.
3. What is the type of gait will you see in this condition and why?
