AutoCAD

By
Girish Painuli
 Autocad : An Introduction
AutoCAD is a 2D drafting Software.
Developer : AutoDesk (USA)
CAD : Computer Added Drafting
Launch in Global Market in 1982
Feature of Autocad:
1. Unlimited Drawing Area
2. Less time
3. Accuracy
4. Draw toolbar
5. Modifying toolbar
6. Pan
7. Zoom And Magnify
 Autocad : An Introduction

8. Draft Setting Tool (Ortho mode and Osnap)

9. Object Properties (Colors, Line Type, Line Weight, Layers)
10. Quick Dimension
11. Hatch and Gradient
12. Design Centre and Tool Pallates
13. Block and Dynamic block
14. Tile Vertically and Tile Horizontally
15. 3D Object
Application :
1 . Architectures
2. Civil Engineers
3. Mechanical Engineers
4. Tool Room For Die and Fixture
5. Research and Development
6. Manufacturing Industries
7. Draftsman
8. Highways
Interface of Autocad
Line Method :
1) Point Fixing Method
A) Absolute co-ordinate Method (Always From Origin)
Step:
L---enter ---
0,0---enter 0,120---enter
100,0---enter 0,100---enter
100,20---enter 40,100---enter
60,20---enter 40,20---enter
60,100---enter 0,20---enter
100,100---enter 0,0 ---enter or C---enter
100,120---enter
B) Relative Rectangle Co Ordinate Method (@X,Y)
Step:
L ---enter for Line
@0,40 ---enter
@20,0 ---enter
@-20,0 ---enter
@0,40 ---enter
@0,-100 ---enter
@40,0 ---enter
@0,-40 ---enter
@20,0 ---enter
@0,100 ---enter
@-20,0 ---enter
@0,-40 ---enter
@-40,0 ---enter
• C) Relative Polor Co-ordinate Method (@Distance < Angle)
Step:
L ---enter--- Mouse Click
@100<0 ---enter
@100<120 ---enter
@100<240 ---enter
Step:
L ---enter --- Mouse Click
@60<72 ---enter
@60<144 ---enter
@60<216 ---enter
@60<288 ---enter
@60<360 ---enter
Autocad:
2. Pick Point Method :
Step : L enter for Line command
Specify Start point of a Line ------Mouse Click
Specify Direction (through mouse) (Ortho should be ON)
Specify Distance Value enter
Line Method:
Circle Command

• Types of Circle:
1. Center Radius
2. Center Diameter
3. 3Point Circle (3P)
4. 2Point Circle (2P)
5. Tan, Tan, Radius (Ttr)
6. Tan, Tan, Tan
1. Center Radius :
Step : C ---enter--- for Circle
Specify Center Point ----Mouse Click
Specify Radius -----Value---Enter
2. Center Diameter
Step : C Enter for circle
Specify center point ----Mouse Click
D Enter for Diameter
Specify Diameter for Circle -----Value ---Enter
3. 3Point Circle (3P)
Step:
C ---enter ---for Circle
3P enter
Sp. 1st point, 2nd point and 3rd point for Circle----Mouse Click
4. 2Point Circle (2P)circle
Step:
C ---enter--- for circle
2P enter
Specify 1st point ---Mouse click
Specify 2nd point or Diameter for circle
5. Tan, Tan, Radius
Step:
C --- enter --- for circle
T enter for Tan, Tan, Radius
Specify 1st Tangent -----Mouse Click
Specify 2nd Tangent -----Mouse Click
Specify Radius for Circle ----Value enter
6. Tan, Tan, Tan
Step:
Go to Toolbar > Circle > Tan, Tan, Tan
Specify 1st tangent ----Mouse Click
Specify 2nd Tangent ----Mouse Click
Specify 3rd Tangent ----Mouse Click
• Short Keys For Draft Setting:
 F1 for Help
 F3 for Osnap
 F5 for Change Isometric Position
 F6 for Dynamic UCS
 F7 for Grid
 F8 for Ortho Mode
 F9 for Grid Snap
 F10 for Polor Tracking
 F11 for Otrack
 F12 for Dynamic Input
 OS for Object Snap setting
 DS for Draft Setting
 OP for Option
Zoom in / out : 1. Scroll Middle Button Of Mouse.
2. Deactivate Command and Type command Z ---enter and A—enter.
Scroll Middle button of Mouse
3. Go to View Menu bar > Zoom > In/Out. Scroll Middle Button Of
Mouse.
Pan : Press Middle Button of Mouse and Drag object, or Give Mouse
Movement.
Object Selection Method :
1. Direction Selection Method
2. Right to Left Selection : Complete or incomplete object of selection
area will be selected.
3. Left To Right Selection : Only Complete object of selection area will
be selected.
Trim : Delete segment of a line, circle, arc from intersection point
Short Key : TR Double Enter
Select delete segment
Fence/Cross/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo

Extend :
Extend line, arc segment up to reference line.
EX Double Enter
Select extend object
OR
ex enter
select reference object enter
select extend object enter
Rectangle :
Step :
Rec enter
Specify first corner point ----Mouse Click
Specify other corner point --- Mouse Click
Or
Specify first corner point ----Mouse Click
Specify other corner point or (Area/Dimension/Rotation)
A enter for Area
Specify Area for Rectangle 9600 enter
Specify (Length/Width) < Length> enter
Specify Length 120 enter
Specify Width 80 enter
Or Rec enter
Specify first corner point ----Mouse Click
Specify other corner point or (Area/Dimension/Rotation)
D enter for Dimension
Specify Length for Rectangle 200 enter
Specify Width for Rectangle 120 enter
Mouse Click
Or Rec enter
Specify first corner point ----Mouse Click
Specify other corner point or (Area/Dimension/Rotation)
R enter for Rotation
Specify Rotation Angle 45 enter
D enter for Dimension
Specify Length for Rectangle 200 enter
Specify Width for Rectangle 120 enter
Mouse Click
Or Rec enter
Specify first corner point or (Chamfer/Fillet/Width)
C enter for Chamfer
Specify 1st chamfer distance 20 enter
Specify 2nd chamfer distance 20 enter
Mouse Click
Specify other corner point or (Area/Dimension/Rotation)
D enter for Dimension
Specify Length for Rectangle 200 enter
Specify Width for Rectangle 120 enter
Mouse Click
Or Rec enter
Specify first corner point or (Chamfer/Fillet/Width)
F enter for Fillet
Specify Fillet Radius 25 enter
Mouse click
Specify other corner point or (Area/Dimension/Rotation)
D enter for Dimension
Specify Length for Rectangle 200 enter
Specify Width for Rectangle 120 enter
Mouse Click
Or Rec enter
Specify first corner point or (Chamfer/Fillet/Width)
w enter for width
Specify line width 10 enter
Mouse click
Specify other corner point or (Area/Dimension/Rotation)
D enter for Dimension
Specify Length for Rectangle 200 enter
Specify Width for Rectangle 120 enter
Mouse Click
Polygon
• A close shape object which have more than two sides called Polygon.
• We make triangle, Square, Pentagon, Hexagon Heptagon, Octagon
etc. Minimum 3 sides and Maximum 1024 side.
Step:
Make a Circle Radius 100 mm
Pol enter
Specify number of side 3 enter
Specify Center point for polygon –Mouse click
Enter Option (Inscribed/Circumscribed) I / C enter
Specify Radius of circle 100 enter
Polygon
Step:
Pol enter
Specify number of side 6 enter
Specify Center point for polygon or (Edge)
E enter for Edge
Specify Start point for Polygon –Mouse Click
Specify end point of edge 50 ---enter
ARC
Arc is a segment of circle.
There are many types of Arc :
1. 3 point Arc A enter
2. Start, Center, End
3. Start, Center, Angle
4. Start, Center, Length
5. Start, End, Angle
6. Start, End, Direction
7. Start, End, Radius
Arc

8. Center, Start, end

9. Center, Start, Angle
10. Center, Start, Length
11. Continoue
OFFSET: Make one or more multiple parallel copy of an object and
concentric of a circle to specify offset distance.
Step :
O enter for Offset Command
Specify Offset distance ----Value--- enter
Select object ---Mouse Click ----
Enter offset side ---Mouse Click
Or if make multiple copy after select object
M enter for multiple
enter offset side ---Mouse Click ----- continoue
MOVE : Translate of an object one location to another location.
Step :
M enter for Move command
Select Object --- Enter
Specify Base Point ---Mouse Cilick ---
Specify Direction (through mouse)
Specify Distance ---Value ---enter
If object move an angle use @Distance<Angle
COPY: To make one or more duplicate copy of an object.
Step :
CO enter for Copy Command
Select Object --- Enter
Specify Base Point ---Mouse Click ---
Specify Direction (through mouse)
Specify Distance ---Value ---enter
If Copy an object in angle use @Distance<Angle
Ellipse : use to make egg shape drawing.
Step:
EL --- enter ---- for Ellipse
Specify other point of axis --- Mouse Click
Specify other endpoint of axis ---Mouse click or Distance (50)
Specify Distance to Other axis ---Mouse click or Distance (15)
Or
El ----enter ----for Ellipse
A---enter for Arc Command
Specify other point of axis --- Mouse Click
Specify other endpoint of axis ---Mouse click or Distance
Specify Distance to Other axis ---Mouse click or Distance
Specify Start angle for Ellipse ---45
Specify End angle for Ellipse ---300
ROTATE : Rotate an object to specify rotation angle.
Step :
RO enter for Rotate Command
Select Object --- Enter
Specify Base Point ---Mouse Click ---(Copy/Reference)
Specify Specify Rotation Angle --- Value---
Or if use of Copy
C enter for Copy
Specify Rotation Angle ---Value ---enter
Rotate:
Step :
RO enter for Rotate Command
Select Object --- Enter
Specify Base Point ---Mouse Click ---(Copy/Reference)
R enter for Reference
Specify 1st point of object and specify 2nd point of an object
Specify end point of reference line.
Mirror : To create mirror image of an object to specify mirror points of
a mirror line.
Step :
Mi ---enter for Mirror Command
Select object --- enter
Specify 1st point of a mirror line --- mouse click
Specify 2nd point of a mirror line --- mouse click
Erase source object (Yes/No) <No> ---enter
Scale : Increase and decrease size of an object to specify scale ratio.
• Step:
Sc --- enter for Scale command
Select object --- enter
Specify base point ---mouse click
(Copy/Reference)
Specify Scale factor <1> 2---enter
 Scale :
If use copy
then, C --- enter for Copy
Specify scale factor <2>

If use Reference
then, R --- enter for Reference
Specify 1st point of object --- mouse click
Specify 2nd point of an object --- mouse click
Specify end point of reference line --- mouse click
Stretch : increase and decrease length of an object with at least one
vertex or endpoint included within the crossing window. Circle can not
be stretch, it will be move only.
Step :
S ---enter—For Stretch Command
Select Object --- enter ---(Crossing window only)
Specify Base Point ---Mouse Click
Specify Direction (Through Mouse)
Specify Distance ---Value---(25)
Example
Solid : Use to fill color in Rectangular or Triangular area.

Step:
Draw Rectangle or Triangle sketch.
Select Color to be fill.
SO --- enter for Solid command.
Specify 1st Point
Specify 2nd Point
Specify 3rd Point
Specify 4th Point
See Sketch
Donut : use to be fill color in Circular area.
Step:
Select Color use to be fill in circle.
DO ---enter for Donut command
Specify Inside Diameter 20 ---enter
Specify Outside Diameter 50 ---enter
Specify Location ---Mouse Click
or
If Inside diameter 0 ---enter
Outside Diameter ---50 ---enter
Specify Location ---mouse click
Point : Make a Point on drawing area.
Short Key : PO ---enter---
Specify Location ---Mouse Click---

Point Style : Create different type Point style. There are 20 type of point
style in Autocad.
Short Key: DDPTYPE
or Go to Format Menu > Point Style
Select Point Style
Specify Point Size <2>
Specify Location
Join : To convert in a single selected object of Open and Close object.
Step:
J ---enter for Join Command
Select individual objects ----enter

Break: Break an object into two segment .

Step:
BR ---enter---for Break Command
Select Object ---Mouse click
F ---enter for First Point
Specify 1st point ---Mouse click
Specify 2nd Point ---Mouse Click
UNIT : Change the length unit.
UN --- enter for Unit
Length Type ---Architectural
Precision ---0’-0 ¼”
Angle Type --- Decimal Degrees
Insertion Scale --- Inches
OK
Dimension Style Manager : To change the all parameter of Dimensions.
D --- enter ---- for Dimension Style Manager
> Modify
> Symbol And Arrows
Arrow size --- 7”
> Text
Text color
Text Height --- 7”
> Primary Unit
Unit Format --- Architectural
Precision ----0’ – 0 ¼”
> OK > Set Current > Close
2 BHK Plan
Array : make multiple duplicate of an object by Rectangular, Polor and
Path array.
Step:

Rectangular Array:
AR ---enter for Array Command
Select object ---enter
R ---enter for Rectangular Array
Sp. No. of Columns ---6
Sp. Distance Between ---10 + 2= (12)
Sp. No. of Row ---5
Sp. Distance Between ---6 + 2 =(8)
If Select Associative, all array object will be select in single Click.
If Unselect Associative, individual object will be select.
Polor Array: Make duplicate copy of an object in circular pattern.
Step:
AR ---enter for Array
Select object ---enter
PO ---enter for Polar
Specify Base point ---Mouse click
Specify No. of Items ---8
Between Angle ---45
Total Fill Angle ---360
Specify No. of Rows ---1
Distance Between ---15
Total Distance ----15
Close
Path Array : to make duplicate object along to the Path.
Step :
AR---enter for Array command
Select object ---enter
PA ---enter for Path
Select path ---Mouse Click
Specify Distance Between ---25
Specify No. of Rows ---1
Specify distance between rows ---25
Specify total distance ---25
Close
 Hatch: Use to apply material symbol in internal area of close sketch.
Step:
H or BH ---enter for Hatch
T ----enter for setting
Angle Bricks

Glass Gravel

Cast Steel
Iron
Hatch:
Gradient : use to fill color in any shape of a close object in two
color.
Step : GD---enter for Gradient
t ---enter for setting
Select One Color option
(Black or white with it.)
Or Select Two Color Option
select type of sample 1 of 9
Add: Pick point ---Mouse Click
Specify internal point of a sketch
Example of Array, Hatch and Gradient :
Object Properties : There are three types of properties an object.
1. Color : you can draw sketch your selected color.
Short Key : COL ---enter or select from Properties bar.

2. Line Weight : You can select thickness of line from this command.
Short Key : LW ---enter or select from Properties bar.
3. Line Type : Use to be draw some conventional line, eg. Center line, Dash
line, hidden line, Zig – zag line etc.
Short Key : LT --- enter for Line Type or Go to Properties Toolbar

Select Line type option > Load > Select Center2 > OK
Select Center2 again > OK or Current
And Draw Line
Unit : Display measurement of length in inches, feets and decimals etc.
Short Key : UN ----enter for unit

Dimension Style Manager: to change the size of dimension line, extension line,
arrow size, text height, text color, length type, precision etc
Short Key : D --- enter forDimension Style Manager
> Modify
After setting all parameters
Click on OK Button > Set Current > Close
2 BHK Plan
Isometric Object : Make a 3D Modle which have 3 direction
(length, width and height)
For isometric
Go to Grid > Right Click > Grid Setting
A Draft Setting window will be open
Select Isometric Snap from Snap Type Option > OK
There are three type of cursor Position or we can say 3 side of Object.
Right Position (Angle) Left Position (Angle) Top Position (Angle)
30, 90, 150, 90, 30, 150,
210, 270 270, 330 210, 330
Isometric Object :
Isometric Object
Use Ellipse command to draw Circle in Isometric view.(Isoplane)
Select Isoplane or to change cursor position as in which side we draw a
circle.
If we draw a circle in top side cursor position
Should be

Take Ellipse command

EL --- enter for Ellipse
I ---enter for Isoplane
Specify Center Point for Circle ---Mouse Click
Specify Radius for Circle ---20---Enter
TEXT :
1. Single Line Text :
Step :
Select color from properties toolbar.
Select Font Style from Format menu > Text Style
DT ---enter---for Single line text
Specify Start point --- mouse click
Specify text height ----value ---enter
Specify Rotation angle <0> enter
Type Text CADDESK INDIA LIMITED JAIPUR
 TEXT
2. Multi Line Text:
Step:
 T ---enter --- for Multi Line Text
A text formatting window display

Specify Text height, Font style, Color, Bullet and Number, Symbol etc.
Type text CADDESK INDIA LIMITED, JAIPUR
Close text editor.
 TEXT:
3. Arc Aligned Text :
Step:
 Draw a Arc R100
 ARCTEXT ---enter --- for Arc Aligned Text
Select Arc
Specify all parameters
ok
EDIT TEXT
STEP:
 ED --- enter --- for edit text
Select text to be enter
Type text
Design Center:
Design center is a library of predefined object we can move it drag and
drop method.
DC ---enter --- or Ctrl + 2 is the short key
Tool Palette :
This is also a library of predefined object, but object has two or more
combine object. Which object we should required we can select and
drop it autocad window.
Short key : Ctrl + 3 or TP --- enter
Divide : Divide an object through number of segment
Step : DIV ---- enter
select object --- mouse click
specify number of segment --- value
enter

Measure : divide an object through length of segment.

Step : ME --- enter
select object ---- mouse click
specify length of segment --- value
enter
Raster Image Reference : Attach image in autocad file.
Step :
Short key : IAT --- enter for Raster Image Reference
or Insert Menu > Raster Image Reference
Select location of image --- mouse click
select image > open > OK
specify first corner and specify other corner ---Mouse click
Region : Convert individual entity into single entity or single selected object.
Step : Reg ---enter for Region command
select object --- enter

Boundary
Bo ---enter
Specify Pick point --- mouse click
Specify internal point --- mouse
Click
Block :
In AutoCAD, a block is a collection of objects that are combined into a single
named object. The following are some sample blocks at various scales. Some of
these blocks are realistic representations of objects, some are symbols, and one
of them is an architectural title block for a D-size drawing.
 3 D Modeling
Those views which have three direction called Isometric or 3D Modeling.
 For 3D Modeling Go to Tools Menu > Workpiece > 3D Modeling.
Or Go to Drafting setting Toolbar (Right lower corner) >
Workspace switching icon > select 3D Model
3. Visual Style :
2D wireframe: To show all edges of a 3D object.
Conceptual : To show shaded view of a 3D object.
Hidden : To show eye contact edges of a 3D object.
Realistic : To Show real view of a 3D object.
3D Nevigation: (Unsaved View)
1. Orthographic View -------( 2 Direction)
Top View Bottom View Top View
Front View Back View Left View
Left View Right View
2. Isometric View --------(3 Direction) Front View
SW Isometric View SE Isometric View
NE Isometric View NW Isometric View
3D Primitives :
Box Cylinder

Cone Sphere Torus

Pyramid Wedge
Extrude : increase 2D section up to Specify extrusion height. 2D section
should be single selected object.

Ext ---enter – for Extrude command

Select object. ---enter
Specify extrusion height (value) 50 enter

Subtract : Remove secondary volume from first volume, or Remove material

from Primary object.( Hole, Slot etc.)
Su ---enter for subtract
Select Primary object ---enter
Select Secondary object ---enter
Union : combine two or more 3D object in a single object. E.g. a bolt create
bolt by cylinder and polygon. Both are individual object, we can combine in
both object in a single object Bolt.
Uni --- enter for Union Command
Select both object Cylinder and Polygon.
Revolve : Create a circular 3D Object, to specify Axis line and revolution
angle. E.g. Piston, Pulley, Socket, Reducer, Ring etc.
Note : Sketch should be draw one side of a center line, center line can be
standard line.
1. Select Front View and Draw sketch as per
Dimension.
2. Select Revolve tool or REV --- Enter
3. Select Object --- Enter
4. Specify 1st point and 2nd Point of Axis line.
5. Specify Revolution Angle 360 degree.
Loft : Connect two or more 2D section to create a 3D model.
Step:
1. Select SW Isometric View.
2. Draw Line segment 60,40,60 and 40.
3. Draw circle at the end of lines.
4. Draw circles bottom to top R10, R20,
R40, R20 and R50.
5. Delete all line segment.
6. Select LOFT Tool.
7. Select circles one by one bottom to top.
8. Enter
9. Cross section only --- Enter
Sweep : Increase 2D section along to the Path and create a 3 D Model.
Step :
1. Select front View for a Path
2. Draw Path as per dimension.
3. Select SW Isometric View.
4. Draw a Circle R40 at the end of
Path
5. Select Sweep Tool or Type Sweep in
command line bar.
6. Select Profile ---enter and select Path --- enter
Shell: Remove material from 3D object to Specify face and specify shell offset
distance.
Go to Modify > Solid Editing > Shell
Select 3D object and
Select face to be Remove --- enter
Specify Shell offset distance --- value

Helix : Use to be draw Helical Spring.

1. Select Top View
2. Type HELIX in command line.
3. Specify center point of Helix base --- Mouse Click
4. Specify Base Radius for Helix ---25---enter
5. Specify Top Radius For Helix ---25 ---enter
 T ---- enter for Turn
Specify Number of turn ---15 ---enter
H --- enter for turn Height
Specify turn Height ---8 ---enter
Select SW Isometric

Draw a circle Dia 4 mm at the end of Helix

Select Sweep tool or
type on Command line SWEEP
Select Profile (Circle dia 4)
Select Path (Helix)