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Advanced DC DC Converters 1st Edition Fang Lin Luo
Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Fang Lin Luo, Hong Ye
ISBN(s): 9780849319563, 0849319560
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 6.27 MB
Year: 2003
Language: english
 ADVANCED
DC/DC CONVERTERS

Fang Lin Luo

Hong Ye

CRC PR E S S
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
 POWER ELECTRONICS AND
A P P L I C AT I O N S S E R I E S
Muhammad H. Rashid, Series Editor
University of West Florida

PUBLISHED TITLES
Complex Behavior of Switching Power Converters
Chi Kong Tse

DSP-Based Electromechanical Motion Control

Hamid A. Toliyat and Steven Campbell

Advanced DC/DC Converters

Fang Lin Luo and Hong Ye

FORTHCOMING TITLES

Renewable Energy Systems: Design and Analysis with Induction

Generators
Marcelo Godoy Simoes and Felix Alberto Farret
 ADVANCED
DC/DC CONVERTERS

Fang Lin Luo

Hong Ye

CRC PR E S S
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Luo, Fang Lin.

Advanced DC/DC converters / Fang Lin Luo and Hong Ye.
p. cm. — (Power electronics and applications series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8493-1956-0 (alk. paper)
1. DC-to-DC converters. I. Ye, Hong, 1973- II. Title. III. Series.

TK7887.6.L86 2003
621.31′32—dc21 2003051622

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material
is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable
efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot
assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.

Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or
retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.

The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for
creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC
for such copying.

Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 33431.

Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe.

Visit the CRC Press Web site at www.crcpress.com

© 2004 by CRC Press LLC

No claim to original U.S. Government works

International Standard Book Number 0-8493-1956-0
Library of Congress Card Number 2003051622
Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Printed on acid-free paper
 Dedicated to
Our respected great lady Mme. Liao Jing
Ms. Luo Yuan Zhi and her family
Preface

The purpose of this book is to provide up-to-date information on advanced

DC/DC converters that is both concise and useful for engineering students
and practicing professionals. It is well organized in 748 pages with 320
diagrams to introduce more than 100 topologies of the advanced DC/DC
converters originally developed by the authors. EMI/EMC reduction and
various DC voltage sources are also illustrated in this book. All prototypes
represent novel approaches and great contributions to modern power engi-
neering.
Power engineering is the method used to supply electrical energy from a
source to its users. It is of vital importance to industry. It is likely that the
air we breathe and water we drink are taken for granted until they are not
there. Energy conversion technique is the main focus of power engineering.
The corresponding equipment can be divided into four groups:

• AC/AC transformers
• AC/DC rectifiers
• DC/DC converters
• DC/AC inverters

From recent reports, the production of DC/DC converters occupies the larg-
est percentage of the total turnover of all conversion equipment production.
DC/DC conversion technology is progressing rapidly. According to incomplete
statistics, there are more than 500 topologies of DC/DC converters existing,
with new topologies created every year. It is a lofty undertaking to treat the
large number of DC/DC converters. The authors have sorted these converters
into six generations since 2001. This systematical work is very helpful for DC/
DC converter’s evolution and development. The converters are listed below:

1. First generation (classical/traditional) converters

2. Second generation (multiple-quadrant) converters
3. Third generation (switched component) converters
4. Fourth generation (soft-switching) converters
5. Fifth generation (synchronous rectifier) converters
6. Sixth generation (multiple-element resonant power) converters
 A review of the DC/DC conversion technique development reveals that the
idea was induced from other equipment. Transformers successfully convert an
AC source voltage to other AC output voltage(s) with very high efficiency.
Rectifier devices such as diode, transistor, and thysistor effectively rectify an
AC source voltage to DC output voltage. Nearly eight decades ago, people
sought to invent equipment to convert a DC source voltage to another DC
output voltage(s) with high efficiency. Unfortunately, no such simple apparatus
such as a transformer and/or rectifier was found for DC/DC conversion pur-
pose.
High frequency switch-on and -off semiconductor devices paved the way
for chopper circuits. This invention inspired the idea for DC/DC conversion.
Therefore, the fundamental DC/DC converters were derived from the cor-
responding choppers. At present, the fundamental converters — Buck con-
verter, Boost converter, and Buck-Boost converter — are still the basic circuits
for DC/DC conversion technique in research and development.
The voltage-lift technique is a popular method that is widely applied in
electronic circuit design. Applying this technique effectively overcomes the
effects of parasitic elements and greatly increases the output voltage. There-
fore, these DC/DC converters can convert the source voltage into a higher
output voltage with high power efficiency, high power density, and simple
structure. It is applied in the periodical switching circuit. Usually, a capacitor
is charged during switch-on by a certain voltage. This charged capacitor
voltage can be arranged on top-up to output voltage during switch-off.
Therefore, the output voltage can be lifted. A typical example is the saw-
tooth-wave generator with voltage-lift circuit.
The voltage-lift technique has been successfully employed in the design
of DC/DC converters. However, its output voltage increases in arithmetic
progression, stage by stage. The super-lift technique is a great achievement
in DC/DC conversion technology. It is more powerful than the voltage-lift
technique; the output voltage transfer gain of super-lift converters can be
very high, which increases in geometric progression, stage by stage. It effec-
tively enhances the voltage transfer gain in power series. Four series of super-
lift converters created by the authors are introduced in this book. Some
industrial applications verified their versatile and powerful characteristics.
Multiple-quadrant operation is often required in industrial applications.
Most publications in the literature concentrate on the single-quadrant oper-
ation. This fact is reasonable since most novel approaches were derived from
its simple structure. To compensate for these losses, the authors have spent
much time and spirit to develop multiple-quadrant converters, positive-
negative converters in various generations.
This book is organized in 18 chapters. The DC/DC conversion technique
is introduced in Chapter 1 and the voltage list converters in Chapter 2.
Chapters 3 to 6 introduce the four series super-lift converters. Chapter 7
introduces the second generation converters; and Chapter 8, the third gen-
eration converters. Chapters 9 and 10 introduce the two-series multiple-lift
push-pull switched-capacitor converters. Chapter 11 introduces the fourth
generation converters and Chapter 12 the fifth generation converters. Chap-
ters 13 to 16 introduce the sixth generation converters. Chapter 17 introduces
various DC voltage sources; and Chapter 18 introduces the gating-signal
generator, EMI/EMC, and some applications.
The authors are pioneers in DC/DC conversion technology. They have
devoted many years to this research area and created a large number of
outstanding converters, including world-renowned series DC/DC convert-
ers, namely, Luo-Converters, which cover all six generation converters.
Super-lift converters are our favorite achievement in our 20-years’ research
fruits. Our biographies and information are provided on the following page.
Our acknowledgment goes to the executive editor for this book.

Dr. Fang Lin Luo and Dr. Hong Ye

Nanyang Technological University
Singapore
Figure Credits

The following figures were reprinted from Power Electronics Handbook

(M.H. Rashid, Ed.), Chapter 17, Copyright 2001, with kind permission from
Elsevier. ( http://www.elsevier.com )

Chapter 1: Chapter 8
Figure 1.23 Figure 8.1
Figure 1.24 Figure 8.
Figure 1.25 Figure 8.3
Figure 1.26 Figure 8.4
Figure 1.29 Figure 8.5
Figure 1.30 Figure 8.6
Figure 1.34 Figure 8.7
Figure 1.35 Figure 8.8
Figure 1.36 Figure 8.9
Figure 1.37 Figure 8.10
Figure 8.11
Chapter 2: Figure 8.12
Figure 2.1 Figure 8.13
Figure 2.4 Figure 8.14
Figure 2.5 Figure 8.15
Figure 2.6 Figure 8.16
Figure 2.7 Figure 8.17
Figure 2.8
Figure 2.9 Chapter 11
Figure 2.20 Figure 11.2
Figure 2.25 Figure 11.3
Figure 2.28 Figure 11.4
Figure 2.54 Figure 11.5
Figure 2.55 Figure 11.7
Figure 2.56 Figure 11.8
Figure 2.63 Figure 11.9
Figure 2.68 Figure 11.10
Figure 2.73
Figure 2.76 Chapter 12:
Figure 12.5
Figure 12.6
Chapter 7:
Figure 12.7
Figure 7.1
Figure 12.8
Figure 7.2
Figure 7.3
Chapter 18:
Figure 7.4
Figure 18.1
Figure 7.5
Figure 18.2
Authors

Dr. Fang Lin Luo is currently with the School of

Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University (NTU), Singapore. He
received his B.Sc. degree, first class with honors
in Radio-Electronic Physics at the Sichuan Uni-
versity, Chengdu, Sichuan, China and his Ph.D.
degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science at Cambridge University, England, in
1986.
Dr. Luo was with the Chinese Automation
Research Institute of Metallurgy, Beijing, China
as a Senior Engineer after his graduation from
Sichuan University. He was with the Entreprises
Saunier Duval, Paris, France as a project engineer from 1981 to 1982. He was
with Hocking NDT Ltd, Allen-Bradley IAP Ltd., and Simplatroll Ltd. in
England as a Senior Engineer after he received his Ph.D. degree from Cam-
bridge University. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE. He has published two
textbooks and 198 technical papers in IEE Proceedings and IEEE Transactions,
and various international conferences. His present research interest is in
power electronics and DC and AC motor drives with computerized artificial
intelligent control and digital signal processing, and AC/DC and DC/DC
converters and DC/AC inverters.
Dr. Luo is the Chief Editor of the international journal Power Supply Tech-
nologies and Applications. He is currently the Associate Editor of IEEE Trans-
actions on Power Electronics in charge of the technical topic Low Power
Converters.

Dr. Hong Ye is currently with the School of Elec-

trical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Tech-
nological University (NTU), Singapore. She
received her B.S. (with honors) in 1995 and the
M.S. degree in Engineering from Xi’an Jiaotong
University, China in 1999. She completed her
Ph.D. degree in 2002 in Information Technology
(IT) in the School of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering, Nanyang Technological University
(NTU), Singapore.
Dr. Ye was with the Research and Develop-
ment Institute, Xi’an Instrument Group, XIYI
Company, Ltd., Xi’an, China as a Research Engineer from 1995 to 1997. Dr.
Ye is an IEEE Member and has authored two textbooks and more than 38
technical papers in IEEE Transactions, IEE Proceedings, and other international
journals and various international conferences. Her research interests are in
the areas of DC/DC converters, signal processing, operations research, and
structural biology.
Contents

1 Introduction
1.1 Historical Review
1.2 Multiple-Quadrant Choppers
1.2.1 Multiple-Quadrant Operation
1.2.2 The First-Quadrant Chopper
1.2.3 The Second-Quadrant Chopper
1.2.4 The Third-Quadrant Chopper
1.2.5 The Fourth-Quadrant Chopper
1.2.6 The First and Second Quadrant Chopper
1.2.7 The Third and Fourth Quadrant Chopper
1.2.8 The Four-Quadrant Chopper
1.3 Pump Circuits
1.3.1 Fundamental Pumps
1.3.1.1 Buck Pump
1.3.1.2 Boost Pump
1.3.1.3 Buck-Boost Pump
1.3.2 Developed Pumps
1.3.2.1 Positive Luo-Pump
1.3.2.2 Negative Luo-Pump
1.3.2.3 Cúk-Pump
1.3.3 Transformer-Type Pumps
1.3.3.1 Forward Pump
1.3.3.2 Fly-Back Pump
1.3.3.3 ZETA Pump
1.3.4 Super-Lift Pumps
1.3.4.1 Positive Super Luo-Pump
1.3.4.2 Negative Super Luo-Pump
1.3.4.3 Positive Push-Pull Pump
1.3.4.4 Negative Push-Pull Pump
1.3.4.5 Double/Enhanced Circuit (DEC)
1.4 Development of DC/DC Conversion Technique
1.4.1 The First Generation Converters
1.4.1.1 Fundamental Converters
1.4.1.2 Transformer-Type Converters
1.4.1.3 Developed Converters
1.4.1.4 Voltage Lift Converters
1.4.1.5 Super Lift Converters
1.4.2 The Second Generation Converters
 1.4.3The Third Generation Converters
1.4.3.1 Switched Capacitor Converters
1.4.3.2 Multiple-Quadrant Switched Capacitor
Luo-Converters
1.4.3.3 Multiple-Lift Push-Pull Switched Capacitor
Converters
1.4.3.4 Multiple-Quadrant Switched Inductor Converters
1.4.4 The Fourth Generation Converters
1.4.4.1 Zero-Current-Switching Quasi-Resonant
Converters
1.4.4.2 Zero-Voltage-Switching Quasi-Resonant
Converters
1.4.4.3 Zero-Transition Converters
1.4.5 The Fifth Generation Converters
1.4.6 The Sixth Generation Converters
1.5 Categorize Prototypes and DC/DC Converter Family Tree
References

2 Voltage-Lift Converters
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Seven Self-Lift Converters
2.2.1 Self-Lift Cúk Converter
2.2.1.1 Continuous Conduction Mode
2.2.1.2 Discontinuous Conduction Mode
2.2.2 Self-Lift P/O Luo-Converter
2.2.2.1 Continuous Conduction Mode
2.2.2.2 Discontinuous Conduction Mode
2.2.3 Reverse Self-Lift P/O Luo-Converter
2.2.3.1 Continuous Conduction Mode.
2.2.3.2 Discontinuous Conduction Mode
2.2.4 Self-Lift N/O Luo-Converter
2.2.4.1 Continuous Conduction Mode
2.2.4.2 Discontinuous Conduction Mode
2.2.5 Reverse Self-Lift N/O Luo-Converter
2.2.5.1 Continuous Conduction Mode
2.2.5.2 Discontinuous Conduction Mode
2.2.6 Self-Lift SEPIC
2.2.6.1 Continuous Conduction Mode
2.2.6.2 Discontinuous Conduction Mode
2.2.7 Enhanced Self-Lift P/O Luo-Converter
2.3 Positive Output Luo-Converters
2.3.1 Elementary Circuit
2.3.1.1 Circuit Description
2.3.1.2 Variations of Currents and Voltages
2.3.1.3 Instantaneous Values of Currents and Voltages
2.3.1.4 Discontinuous Mode
2.3.1.5 Stability Analysis
 2.3.2 Self-Lift
Circuit
2.3.2.1 Circuit Description
2.3.2.2 Average Current IC1 and Source Current IS
2.3.2.3 Variations of Currents and Voltages
2.3.2.4 Instantaneous Value of the Currents and
Voltages
2.3.2.5 Discontinuous Mode
2.3.2.6 Stability Analysis
2.3.3 Re-Lift Circuit
2.3.3.1 Circuit Description
2.3.3.2 Other Average Currents
2.3.3.3 Variations of Currents and Voltages
2.3.3.4 Instantaneous Value of the Currents and
Voltages
2.3.3.5 Discontinuous Mode
2.3.3.6 Stability Analysis
2.3.4 Multiple-Lift Circuits
2.3.4.1 Triple-Lift Circuit
2.3.4.2 Quadruple-Lift Circuit
2.3.5 Summary
2.3.6 Discussion
2.3.6.1 Discontinuous-Conduction Mode
2.3.6.2 Output Voltage VO versus Conduction Duty k
2.3.6.3 Switch Frequency f
2.4 Negative Output Luo-Converters
2.4.1 Elementary Circuit
2.4.1.1 Circuit Description
2.4.1.2 Average Voltages and Currents
2.4.1.3 Variations of Currents and Voltages
2.4.1.4 Instantaneous Values of Currents and
Voltages
2.4.1.5 Discontinuous Mode
2.4.2 Self-Lift Circuit
2.4.2.1 Circuit Description
2.4.2.2 Average Voltages and Currents
2.4.2.3 Variations of Currents and Voltages
2.4.2.4 Instantaneous Value of the Currents and
Voltages
2.4.2.5 Discontinuous Mode
2.4.3 Re-Lift Circuit
2.4.3.1 Circuit Description
2.4.3.2 Average Voltages and Currents
2.4.3.3 Variations of Currents and Voltages
2.4.3.4 Instantaneous Value of the Currents and
Voltages
2.4.3.5 Discontinuous Mode
 2.4.4Multiple-Lift Circuits
2.4.4.1 Triple-Lift Circuit
2.4.4.2 Quadruple-Lift Circuit
2.4.5 Summary
2.5 Modified Positive Output Luo-Converters
2.5.1 Elementary Circuit
2.5.2 Self-Lift Circuit
2.5.3 Re-Lift Circuit
2.5.4 Multi-Lift Circuit
2.5.5 Application
2.6 Double Output Luo-Converters
2.6.1 Elementary Circuit
2.6.1.1 Positive Conversion Path
2.6.1.2 Negative Conversion Path
2.6.1.3 Discontinuous Mode
2.6.2 Self-Lift Circuit
2.6.2.1 Positive Conversion Path
2.6.2.2 Negative Conversion Path
2.6.2.3 Discontinuous Conduction Mode
2.6.3 Re-Lift Circuit
2.6.3.1 Positive Conversion Path
2.6.3.2 Negative Conversion Path
2.6.3.3 Discontinuous Conduction Mode
2.6.4 Multiple-Lift Circuit
2.6.4.1 Triple-Lift Circuit
2.6.4.2 Quadruple-Lift Circuit
2.6.5 Summary
2.6.5.1 Positive Conversion Path
2.6.5.2 Negative Conversion Path
2.6.5.3 Common Parameters
Bibliography

3 Positive Output Super-Lift Luo-Converters

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Main Series
3.2.1 Elementary Circuit
3.2.2 Re-Lift Circuit
3.2.3 Triple-Lift Circuit
3.2.4 Higher Order Lift Circuit
3.3 Additional Series
3.3.1 Elementary Additional Circuit
3.3.2 Re-Lift Additional Circuit
3.3.3 Triple-Lift Additional Circuit
3.3.4 Higher Order Lift Additional Circuit
3.4 Enhanced Series
3.4.1 Elementary Enhanced Circuit
3.4.2 Re-Lift Enhanced Circuit
3.4.3 Triple-Lift Enhanced Circuit
3.4.4 Higher Order Lift Enhanced Circuit
3.5 Re-Enhanced Series
3.5.1 Elementary Re-Enhanced Circuit
3.5.2 Re-Lift Re-Enhanced Circuit
3.5.3 Triple-Lift Re-Enhanced Circuit
3.5.4 Higher Order Lift Re-Enhanced Circuit
3.6 Multiple-Enhanced Series
3.6.1 Elementary Multiple-Enhanced Circuit
3.6.2 Re-Lift Multiple-Enhanced Circuit
3.6.3 Triple-Lift Multiple-Enhanced Circuit
3.6.4 Higher Order Lift Multiple-Enhanced Circuit
3.7 Summary of Positive Output Super-Lift Luo-Converters
3.8 Simulation Results
3.8.1 Simulation Results of a Triple-Lift Circuit
3.8.2 Simulation Results of a Triple-Lift Additional Circuit
3.9 Experimental Results
3.9.1 Experimental Results of a Triple-Lift Circuit
3.9.2 Experimental Results of a Triple-Lift Additional Circuit
3.9.3 Efficiency Comparison of Simulation and Experimental
Results
Bibliography

4 Negative Output Super-Lift Luo-Converters

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Main Series
4.2.1 Elementary Circuit
4.2.2 N/O Re-Lift Circuit
4.2.3 N/O Triple-Lift Circuit
4.2.4 N/O Higher Order Lift Circuit
4.3 Additional Series
4.3.1 N/O Elementary Additional Circuit
4.3.2 N/O Re-Lift Additional Circuit
4.3.3 N/O Triple-Lift Additional Circuit
4.3.4 N/O Higher Order Lift Additional Circuit
4.4 Enhanced Series
4.4.1 N/O Elementary Enhanced Circuit
4.4.2 N/O Re-Lift Enhanced Circuit
4.4.3 N/O Triple-Lift Enhanced Circuit
4.4.4 N/O Higher Order Lift Enhanced Circuit
4.5 Re-Enhanced Series
4.5.1 N/O Elementary Re-Enhanced Circuit
4.5.2 N/O Re-Lift Re-Enhanced Circuit
4.5.3 N/O Triple-Lift Re-Enhanced Circuit
4.5.4 N/O Higher Order Lift Re-Enhanced Circuit
4.6 Multiple-Enhanced Series
4.6.1 N/O Elementary Multiple-Enhanced Circuit
4.6.2 N/O Re-Lift Multiple-Enhanced Circuit
4.6.3 N/O Triple-Lift Multiple-Enhanced Circuit
4.6.4 N/O Higher Order Lift Multiple-Enhanced Circuit
4.7 Summary of Negative Output Super-Lift
Luo-Converters
4.8 Simulation Results
4.8.1 Simulation Results of a N/O Triple-Lift Circuit
4.8.2 Simulation Results of a N/O Triple-Lift Additional
Circuit
4.9 Experimental Results
4.9.1 Experimental Results of a N/O Triple-Lift Circuit
4.9.2 Experimental Results of a N/O Triple-Lift Additional
Circuit
4.9.3 Efficiency Comparison of Simulation and Experimental
Results
4.9.4 Transient Process and Stability Analysis
Bibliography

5 Positive Output Cascade Boost Converters

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Main Series
5.2.1 Elementary Boost Circuit
5.2.2 Two-Stage Boost Circuit
5.2.3 Three-Stage Boost Circuit
5.2.4 Higher Stage Boost Circuit
5.3 Additional Series
5.3.1 Elementary Boost Additional (Double) Circuit
5.3.2 Two-Stage Boost Additional Circuit
5.3.3 Three-Stage Boost Additional Circuit
5.3.4 Higher Stage Boost Additional Circuit
5.4 Double Series
5.4.1 Elementary Double Boost Circuit
5.4.2 Two-Stage Double Boost Circuit
5.4.3 Three-Stage Double Boost Circuit
5.4.4 Higher Stage Double Boost Circuit
5.5 Triple Series
5.5.1 Elementary Triple Boost Circuit
5.5.2 Two-Stage Triple Boost Circuit
5.5.3 Three-Stage Triple Boost Circuit
5.5.4 Higher Stage Triple Boost Circuit
5.6 Multiple Series
5.6.1 Elementary Multiple Boost Circuit
5.6.2 Two-Stage Multiple Boost Circuit
5.6.3 Three-Stage Multiple Boost Circuit
5.6.4 Higher Stage Multiple Boost Circuit
5.7 Summary of Positive Output Cascade Boost Converters
5.8 Simulation and Experimental Results
5.8.1 Simulation Results of a Three-Stage Boost Circuit
5.8.2 Experimental Results of a Three-Stage Boost Circuit
5.8.3 Efficiency Comparison of Simulation and Experimental
Results
5.8.4 Transient Process
Bibliography

6 Negative Output Cascade Boost Converters

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Main Series
6.2.1 N/O Elementary Boost Circuit
6.2.2 N/O Two-Stage Boost Circuit
6.2.3 N/O Three-Stage Boost Circuit
6.2.4 N/O Higher Stage Boost Circuit
6.3 Additional Series
6.3.1 N/O Elementary Additional Boost Circuit
6.3.2 N/O Two-Stage Additional Boost Circuit
6.3.3 N/O Three-Stage Additional Boost Circuit
6.3.4 N/O Higher Stage Additional Boost Circuit
6.4 Double Series
6.4.1 N/O Elementary Double Boost Circuit
6.4.2 N/O Two-Stage Double Boost Circuit
6.4.3 N/O Three-Stage Double Boost Circuit
6.4.4 N/O Higher Stage Double Boost Circuit
6.5 Triple Series
6.5.1 N/O Elementary Triple Boost Circuit
6.5.2 N/O Two-Stage Triple Boost Circuit
6.5.3 N/O Three-Stage Triple Boost Circuit
6.5.4 N/O Higher Stage Triple Boost Circuit
6.6 Multiple Series
6.6.1 N/O Elementary Multiple Boost Circuit
6.6.2 N/O Two-Stage Multiple Boost Circuit
6.6.3 N/O Three-Stage Multiple Boost Circuit
6.6.4 N/O Higher Stage Multiple Boost Circuit
6.7 Summary of Negative Output Cascade Boost Converters
6.8 Simulation and Experimental Results
6.8.1 Simulation Results of a Three-Stage Boost Circuit
6.8.2 Experimental Results of a Three-Stage Boost Circuit
 6.8.3Efficiency Comparison of Simulation and Experimental
Results
6.8.4 Transient Process
Bibliography

7 Multiple Quadrant Operating Luo-Converters

7.1 Introduction
7.2 Circuit Explanation
7.2.1 Mode A
7.2.2 Mode B
7.2.3 Mode C
7.2.4 Mode D
7.2.5 Summary
7.3 Mode A (Quadrant I Operation)
7.3.1 Circuit Description
7.3.2 Variations of Currents and Voltages
7.3.3 Discontinuous Region
7.4 Mode B (Quadrant II Operation)
7.4.1 Circuit Description
7.4.2 Variations of Currents and Voltages
7.4.3 Discontinuous Region
7.5 Mode C (Quadrant III Operation)
7.5.1 Circuit Description
7.5.2 Variations of Currents and Voltages
7.5.3 Discontinuous Region
7.6 Mode D (Quadrant IV Operation)
7.6.1 Circuit Description
7.6.2 Variations of Currents and Voltages
7.6.3 Discontinuous Region
7.7 Simulation Results
7.8 Experimental Results
7.9 Discussion
7.9.1 Discontinuous-Conduction Mode
7.9.2 Comparison with the Double-Output Luo-
Converter
7.9.3 Conduction Duty k
7.9.4 Switching Frequency f
Bibliography

8 Switched Component Converters

8.1 Introduction
8.2 A Two-Quadrant SC DC/DC Converter
8.2.1 Circuit Description
8.2.1.1 Mode A
8.2.1.2 Mode B
8.2.2 Mode A (Quadrant I Operation)
Other documents randomly have
different content
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Frank
Merriwell on the Road; Or, The All-Star
Combination
 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
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are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.

Title: Frank Merriwell on the Road; Or, The All-Star Combination

Author: Burt L. Standish

Release date: November 19, 2020 [eBook #63815]

Most recently updated: October 18, 2024

Language: English

Credits: David Edwards, Barry Abrahamsen, and the Online

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FRANK

MERRIWELL ON THE ROAD; OR, THE ALL-STAR COMBINATION ***
 THE MEDAL LIBRARY
FAMOUS COPYRIGHTED STORIES
FOR BOYS, BY FAMOUS AUTHORS

PUBLISHED EVERY WEEK

───────────────────────────

This is an ideal line for boys of all ages. It contains juvenile

masterpieces by the most popular writers of interesting fiction for boys.
Among these may be mentioned the works of Burt L. Standish, detailing
the adventures of Frank Merriwell, the hero, of whom every American
boy has read with admiration. Frank is a truly representative American
lad, full of character and a strong determination to do right at any cost.
Then, there are the works of Horatio Alger, Jr., whose keen insight into
the minds of the boys of our country has enabled him to write a series of
the most interesting tales ever published. This line also contains some of
the best works of Oliver Optic, another author whose entire life was
devoted to writing books that would tend to interest and elevate our
boys.

───────────────────────────

To be Published During January, 1905

295—Cris Rock By Capt. Mayne Reid
294—Sam’s Chance By Horatio Alger, Jr.
293—My Plucky Boy Tom By Edward S. Ellis
292—Frank Merriwell’s Hard By Burt L. Standish
Luck
 To be Published During December

291—By Pike and Dike By G. A. Henty

290—Shifting For Himself By Horatio Alger, Jr.
289—The Pirate and the Three By Captain Marryat
Cutters
288—Frank Merriwell’s By Burt L. Standish
Opportunity
287—Kit Carson’s Last Trail By Leon Lewis

To be Published During November

286—Jack’s Ward By Horatio Alger, Jr.

285—Jack Darcy, the All-Around By Edward S. Ellis
Athlete
284—Frank Merriwell’s First Job By Burt L. Standish
283—Wild Adventures Round By Gordon Stables
the Pole

282—Herbert Carter’s Legacy By Horatio Alger, Jr.

281—Rattlin, the Reefer By Captain Marryat
280—Frank Merriwell’s Struggle By Burt L. Standish
279—Mark Dale’s Stage By Arthur M. Winfield
Venture
278—In Times of Peril By G. A. Henty
277—In a New World By Horatio Alger, Jr.
276—Frank Merriwell in Maine By Burt L. Standish
275—The King of the Island By Henry Harrison Lewis
274—Beach Boy Joe By Lieut. James K. Orton
273—Jacob Faithful By Captain Marryat
272—One of Horatio Alger’s
Best Stories.
271—Frank Merriwell’s Chase By Burt L. Standish
270—Wing and Wing By J. Fenimore Cooper
269—The Young Bank Clerk By Arthur M. Winfield
268—Do and Dare By Horatio Alger, Jr.
267—Frank Merriwell’s Cruise By Burt L. Standish
266—The Young Castaways By Leon Lewis
265—The Lion of St. Mark By G. A. Henty
264—Hector’s Inheritance By Horatio Alger, Jr.
263—Mr. Midshipman Easy By Captain Marryat
262—Frank Merriwell’s Vacation By Burt L. Standish
261—The Pilot By J. Fenimore Cooper
260—Driven From Home By Horatio Alger, Jr.
259—Sword and Pen By Henry Harrison Lewis
258—Frank Merriwell In Camp By Burt L. Standish
257—Jerry By Walter Aimwell
256—The Young Ranchman By Lieut. Lounsberry
255—Captain Bayley’s Heir By G. A. Henty
254—Frank Merriwell’s Loyalty By Burt L. Standish
253—The Water Witch By J. Fenimore Cooper
252—Luke Walton By Horatio Alger, Jr.
251—Frank Merriwell’s Danger By Burt L. Standish
250—Neka, the Boy Conjurer By Capt. Ralph Bonehill
249—The Young Bridge Tender By Arthur M. Winfield
248—The West Point Boys By Lieut. Frederick Garrison,
U.S.A.
247—Frank Merriwell’s Secret By Burt L. Standish
246—Rob Ranger’s Cowboy By Lieut. Lionel Lounsberry
Days
245—The Red Rover By J. Fenimore Cooper
244—Frank Merriwell’s Return By Burt L. Standish
to Yale
243—Adrift in New York By Horatio Alger, Jr.
242—The Rival Canoe Boys By St. George Rathborne
241—The Tour of the Zero Club By Capt. R. Bonehill
240—Frank Merriwell’s By Burt L. Standish
Champions
239—The Two Admirals By J. Fenimore Cooper
238—A Cadet’s Honor By Lieut. Fred’k Garrison, U.S.A.
237—Frank Merriwell’s Skill By Burt L. Standish
236—Rob Ranger’s Mine By Lieut. Lounsberry
235—The Young Carthaginian By G. A. Henty
234—The Store Boy By Horatio Alger, Jr.
233—Frank Merriwell’s Athletes By Burt L. Standish
232—The Valley of Mystery By Henry Harrison Lewis
231—Paddling Under Palmettos By St. George Rathborne
230—Off for West Point By Lieut. Fred’k Garrison, U.S.A.
229—Frank Merriwell’s Daring By Burt L. Standish
228—The Cash Boy By Horatio Alger, Jr.
227—In Freedom’s Cause By G. A. Henty
226—Tom Havens With the By Lieut. James K. Orton
White Squadron
225—Frank Merriwell’s By Burt L. Standish
Courage
224—Yankee Boys in Japan By Henry Harrison Lewis
223—In Fort and Prison By William Murray Graydon
222—A West Point Treasure By Lieut. Frederick Garrison,
U.S.A.
221—The Young Outlaw By Horatio Alger, Jr.
220—The Gulf Cruisers By St. George Rathborne
219—Tom Truxton’s Ocean Trip By Lieut. Lounsberry
218—Tom Truxton’s School By Lieut. Lounsberry
Days
217—Frank Merriwell’s By Burt L. Standish
Bicycle Tour
216—Campaigning With By Wm. Murray Graydon
Braddock
215—With Clive in India By G. A. Henty
214—On Guard By Lieut. Frederick Garrison,
U.S.A.
213—Frank Merriwell’s By Burt L. Standish
Races
212—Julius, the Street Boy By Horatio Alger, Jr.
211—Buck Badger’s Ranch By Russell Williams
210—Sturdy and Strong By G. A. Henty
209—Frank Merriwell’s By Burt L. Standish
Sports Afield
208—The Treasure of the By Lieut. Lionel Lounsberry
Golden Crater,
207—Shifting Winds By St. George Rathborne
206—Jungles and Traitors By Wm. Murray Graydon
205—Frank Merriwell at By Burt L. Standish
Yale
204—Under Drake’s Flag By G. A. Henty
203—Last Chance Mine By Lieut. James K. Orton
202—Risen From the Ranks By Horatio Alger, Jr.
201—Frank Merriwell in By Burt L. Standish
Europe
200—The Fight for a Pennant By Frank Merriwell
199—The Golden Cañon By G. A. Henty
198—Only an Irish Boy By Horatio Alger, Jr.
197—Frank Merriwell’s Burt L. Standish
Hunting Tour
196—Zip, the Acrobat By Victor St. Clair
195—The Lion of the North By G. A. Henty
194—The White Mustang By Edward S. Ellis
193—Frank Merriwell’s By Burt L. Standish
Bravery
192—Tom, the Bootblack By Horatio Alger, Jr.
191—The Rivals of the By Russell Williams
Diamond
190—The Cat of Bubastes By G. A. Henty
189—Frank Merriwell Down By Burt L. Standish
South
188—From Street to Mansion By Frank H. Stauffer
187—Bound to Rise By Horatio Alger, Jr.
186—On the Trail of Geronimo By Edward S. Ellis
185—For the Temple By G. A. Henty
184—Frank Merriwell’s Trip By Burt L. Standish
West
183—The Diamond Hunters By James Grant
182—The Camp in the Snow By William Murray Graydon
181—Brave and Bold By Horatio Alger, Jr.
180—One of the 28th By G. A. Henty
179—The Land of Mystery By Edward S. Ellis
178—Frank Merriwell’s Foes By Burt L. Standish
177—The White Elephant By William Dalton
176—By England’s Aid By G. A. Henty
175—Strive and Succeed By Horatio Alger, Jr.
174—Golden Rock By Edward S. Ellis
173—Life at Sea By Gordon Stables
172—The Young Midshipman By G. A. Henty
171—Erling the Bold By R. M. Ballantyne
170—Strong and Steady By Horatio Alger, Jr.
169—Peter, the Whaler By W. H. G. Kingston
168—Among Malay Pirates By G. A. Henty
167—Frank Merriwell’s By Burt L. Standish
Chums
166—Try and Trust By Horatio Alger, Jr.
165—The Secret Chart By Lieut. James K. Orton
164—The Cornet of Horse By G. A. Henty
163—Slow and Sure By Horatio Alger, Jr.
162—The Pioneers By J. F. Cooper
161—Reuben Green’s By James Otis
Adventures
160—Little by Little By Oliver Optic
159—Phil, the Fiddler By Horatio Alger, Jr.
158—With Lee in Virginia By G. A. Henty
157—Randy, the Pilot By Lieut. Lionel Lounsberry
156—The Pathfinder By J. F. Cooper
155—The Young Voyagers By Capt. Mayne Reid
154—Paul, the Peddler By Horatio Alger, Jr.
153—Bonnie Prince Charlie By G. A. Henty
152—The Last of the Mohicans By J. Fenimore Cooper
151—The Flag of Distress By Capt. Mayne Reid
150—Frank Merriwell’s By Burt L. Standish
Schooldays
149—With Wolfe in Canada By G. A. Henty
148—The Deerslayer By J. F. Cooper
147—The Cliff Climbers By Capt. Mayne Reid
146—Uncle Nat By A. Oldfellow
145—Friends Though Divided By G. A. Henty
144—The Boy Tar By Capt. Mayne Reid
143—Hendricks, the Hunter By W. H. G. Kingston
142—The Young Explorer By Gordon Stables
141—Ocean Waifs By Capt. Mayne Reid
140—The Young Buglers By G. A. Henty
139—Shore and Ocean By W. H. G. Kingston
138—Striving for Fortune By Horatio Alger, Jr.
137—The Bush Boys By Capt. Mayne Reid
136—From Pole to Pole By Gordon Stables
135—Dick Cheveley By W. H. G. Kingston
134—Orange and Green By G. A. Henty
133—The Young Yagers By Capt. Mayne Reid
132—The Adventures of Rob By James Grant
Roy
131—The Boy Slaves By Capt. Mayne Reid
130—From Canal Boy to By Horatio Alger, Jr.
President
129—Ran Away to Sea By Capt. Mayne Reid
128—For Name and Fame By G. A. Henty
127—The Forest Exiles By Capt. Mayne Reid
126—From Powder Monkey to By W. H. G. Kingston
Admiral
125—The Plant Hunters By Capt. Mayne Reid
124—St. George for England By G. A. Henty
123—The Giraffe Hunters By Capt. Mayne Reid
122—Tom Brace By Horatio Alger, Jr.
121—Peter Trawl By W. H. G. Kingston
120—In the Wilds of New By G. Manville Fenn
Mexico
119—A Final Reckoning By G. A. Henty
118—Ned Newton By Horatio Alger, Jr.
117—James Braithwaite, The By W. H. G. Kingston
Supercargo
116—Happy-Go-Lucky Jack By Frank H. Converse
115—The Adventures of a By Matthew White, Jr.
Young Athlete
114—The Old Man of the By George H. Coomer
Mountains
113—The Bravest of the Brave By G. A. Henty
112—20,000 Leagues Under By Jules Verne
the Sea
111—The Midshipman, By W. H. G. Kingston
Marmaduke Merry
110—Around the World in By Jules Verne
Eighty Days
109—A Dash to the Pole By Herbert D. Ward
108—Texar’s Revenge By Jules Verne
107—Van; or, In Search of an By Frank H. Converse
Unknown Race,
106—The Boy Knight By George A. Henty
105—The Young Actor By Gayle Winterton
104—Heir to a Million By Frank H. Converse
103—The Adventures of Rex By Mary A. Denison
Staunton
102—Clearing His Name By Matthew White, Jr.
101—The Lone Ranch By Capt. Mayne Reid
100—Maori and Settler By George A. Henty
99—The Cruise of the Restless; By James Otis
or, On Inland Waterways,
98—The Grand Chaco By George Manville Fenn
97—The Giant Islanders By Brooks McCormick
96—An Unprovoked Mutiny By James Otis
95—By Sheer Pluck By G. A. Henty
94—Oscar; or, The Boy Who By Walter Aimwell
Had His Own Way,
93—A New York Boy By Horatio Alger, Jr.
92—Spectre Gold By Headon Hill
91—The Crusoes of Guiana By Louis Boussenard
90—Out on the Pampas By G. A. Henty
89—Clinton; or, Boy Life in the By Walter Aimwell
Country
88—My Mysterious Fortune By Matthew White, Jr.
87—The Five Hundred By Horatio Alger, Jr.
Dollar Check,
86—Catmur’s Cave By Richard Dowling
85—Facing Death By G. A. Henty
84—The Butcher of Cawnpore By William Murray Graydon
83—The Tiger Prince By William Dalton
82—The Young Editor By Matthew White, Jr.
81—Arthur Helmuth, of the H. By Edward S. Ellis
& N. C. Railway,
80—Afloat in the Forest By Capt. Mayne Reid
79—The Rival Battalions By Brooks McCormick
78—Both Sides of the By Horatio Alger, Jr.
Continent
77—The Perils of the Jungle By Edward S. Ellis
76—The War Tiger; or, The By William Dalton
Conquest of China,
75—The Boys in the Forecastle By George H. Coomer
74—The Dingo Boys By George Manville Fenn
73—The Wolf Boy of China By William Dalton
72—The Way to Success; or, By Alfred Oldfellow
Tom Randall
71—Mark Seaworth’s Voyage By William H. G. Kingston
on the Indian Ocean,
70—The New and Amusing By F. C. Burnand
History of Sandford and
Merton,
69—Pirate Island By Harry Collingwood
68—Smuggler’s Cave By Annie Ashmore
67—Tom Brown’s School Days By Thomas Hughes
66— A Young Vagabond By Z. R. Bennett
65—That Treasure By Frank H. Converse
64—The Tour of a Private Car By Matthew White, Jr.
63—In the Sunk Lands By Walter F. Bruns
62—How He Won By Brooks McCormick
61—The Erie Train Boy By Horatio Alger, Jr.
60—The Mountain Cave By George H. Coomer
59—The Rajah’s Fortress By William Murray Graydon
58—Gilbert, The Trapper By Capt. C. B. Ashley
57—The Gold of Flat Top By Frank H. Converse
Mountain
56—Nature’s Young Noblemen By Brooks McCormick
55—A Voyage to the Gold Coast By Frank H. Converse
54—Joe Nichols; or, Difficulties By Alfred Oldfellow
Overcome
53—Adventures of a New York By Horatio Alger, Jr.
Telegraph Boy,
52—From Farm Boy to By Horatio Alger, Jr.
Senator
51—Tom Tracy By Horatio Alger, Jr.
50—Dean Dunham By Horatio Alger, Jr.
49—The Mystery of a Diamond By Frank H. Converse
48—Luke Bennett’s Hide-Out By Capt. C. B. Ashley, U.S. Scout
47—Eric Dane By Matthew White, Jr.
46—Poor and Proud By Oliver Optic
45—Jack Wheeler; A Western By Capt. David Southwick
Story
44—The Golden Magnet By George Manville Fenn
43—In Southern Seas By Frank H. Converse
42—The Young Acrobat By Horatio Alger, Jr.
41—Check 2134 By Edward S. Ellis
40—Canoe and Campfire By St. George Rathborne
39—With Boer and Britisher in By William Murray Graydon
the Transvaal,
38—Gay Dashleigh’s Academy By Arthur Sewall
Days
37—Commodore Junk By George Manville Fenn
36—In Barracks and Wigwam By William Murray Graydon
35—In the Reign of Terror By G. A. Henty
34—The Adventures of Mr. By Cuthbert Bede, B. A.
Verdant Green,
33—Jud and Joe, Printers and By Gilbert Patten
Publishers
32—The Curse of Carnes’ Hold By G. A. Henty
31—The Cruise of the Snow By Gordon Stables
Bird
30—Peter Simple By Captain Marryat
29—True to the Old Flag By G. A. Henty
28—The Boy Boomers By Gilbert Patten
27—Centre-Board Jim By Lieut. Lionel Lounsberry
26—The Cryptogram By William Murray Graydon
25—Through the Fray By G. A. Henty
24—The Boy From the West By Gilbert Patten
23—The Dragon and the Raven By G. A. Henty
22—From Lake to Wilderness By William Murray Graydon
21—Won at West Point By Lieut. Lionel Lounsberry
20—Wheeling for Fortune By James Otis
19—Jack Archer By G. A. Henty
18—The Silver Ship By Leon Lewis
17—Ensign Merrill By Lieut. Lionel Lounsberry
16—The White King of Africa By William Murray Graydon
15—Midshipman Merrill By Lieut. Lionel Lounsberry
14—The Young Colonists By G. A. Henty
13—Up the Ladder By Lieut. Murray
12—Don Kirk’s Mine By Gilbert Patten
11—From Tent to White House By Edward S. Ellis
10—Don Kirk, the Boy Cattle By Gilbert Patten
King
9—Try Again By Oliver Optic
8—Kit Carey’s Protégé By Lieut. Lionel Lounsberry
7—Chased Through Norway By James Otis
6—Captain Carey of the Gallant By Lieut. Lionel Lounsberry
Seventh,
5—Now or Never By Oliver Optic
4—Lieutenant Carey’s Luck By Lieut. Lionel Lounsberry
3—All Aboard By Oliver Optic
2—Cadet Kit Carey By Lieut. Lionel Lounsberry
1—The Boat Club By Oliver Optic
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