‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ إﺧﺘﺒﺎر وﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻒ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻐﺬاء واﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬

EXAMINATION AND EVALUATION CENTER OF HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAMME

FOR EMPLOYEES IN FOOD AND PUBLIC HEALTH ESTABLISHMENTS

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻒ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﻓﻲ ﻧﺸﺎط اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‬

HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAMME FOR WORKERS IN BEAUTY SALONS

‫اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
ENGLISH EDITION
 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠــــﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴـــــــــــﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳـــــــــﺔ‬
Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs ‫وزارة اﻟﺸﺆون اﻟــــﺒﻠﺪﻳــــﺔ واﻟـﻘﺮوﻳـــﺔ‬
Deputy Ministry of Municipal Affairs ‫وﻛﺎﻟــﺔ اﻟــﻮزارة ﻟﻠﺸﺆون اﻟـﺒﻠﺪﻳــــﺔ‬
Department of Food ‫إدارة اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ إﺧﺘﺒﺎر وﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻒ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻐﺬاء واﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
EXAMINATION AND EVALUATION CENTER OF HEALTH EDUCATION
PROGRAMME FOR EMPLOYEES IN FOOD AND PUBLIC HEALTH ESTABLISHMENTS

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺜﻘﻴﻒ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﻓﻲ ﻧﺸﺎط اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‬

HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAMME FOR WORKERS IN BEAUTY SALONS

‫اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
ENGLISH EDITION
 .‫ﺟﻣﯾﻊ أﺟزاء ھذا اﻟﻣﺻﻧف ﻣﻐطﺎة ﺑﺣﻘوق اﻟﻧﺷر‬
.‫ﻗد ﯾؤدي اﻟﺗﻌدي إﻟﻰ اﻟﻣﻘﺎﺿﺎة واﻟﻣطﺎﻟﺑﺎت أو اﻷﺿرار ﻣن ﻗﺑل اﻟﻧﺎﺷر وأﺻﺣﺎب ﺣﻘوق اﻟﻧﺷر اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ‬

.‫ﻛل اﻟﺣﻘوق ﻣﺣﻔوظﺔ‬

‫ ﺑﺷﻛل ﺟزﺋﻲ أو ﻛﻠﻲ‬، ‫ ﺑﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟك اﻷﺟزاء اﻟﻣﻛوﻧﺔ ﻟﮫ‬، ‫ﻻ ﯾﺗم ﻣﻧﺢ أي إذن ﻻﺳﺗﻧﺳﺎخ أو ﺗﻌدﯾل ھذا اﻟﻣﺻﻧف‬
.‫ﻓﻲ أي ﺷﻛل أو ﺑﺄي وﺳﯾﻠﺔ دون اﻟﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﻰ إذن ﻛﺗﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﺳﺑﻖ ﻣن اﻟﻧﺎﺷر وأﺻﺣﺎب ﺣﻘوق اﻟﻧﺷر اﻟﻔرﻋﯾﺔ‬
‫ أو‬، ‫ أو إﻋﺎدة اﻟﮭوﯾﺔ‬، ‫ ﺗﺷﻣل ھذه اﻟﻘﯾود )وﻟﻛن ﻻ ﺗﺣدد ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﮫ اﻟﺣﺻر( إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺗﻌﺑﺋﺔ‬، ‫وﻟﺗﻔﺎدي اﻟﺷك‬
.‫ أو اﻟﺗﺧزﯾن ﻓﻲ ﻧظﺎم اﺳﺗرﺟﺎع‬، ‫ أو اﻹرﺳﺎل‬، ‫ أو اﻟﺑث‬، ‫ أو اﻟﺗوزﯾﻊ‬، ‫اﻟﺗرﺟﻣﺔ‬
All parts of this publication are covered by the Copyright.
Infringement may lead to prosecution and claims or damages by the publisher and
subsidiary copyright holders.

All rights reserved.

No permission is granted for reproduction or adaptation of this publication,
including its constituent parts, in part or in whole in any form or by any means
without the prior written permission of the publisher and subsidiary copyright
holders. For avoidance of doubt, these restrictions include (but do not define
exclusively) repackaging, rebadging, translation, distribution, broadcasting,
transmission or storage in a retrieval system.
 Introduction

Beauty salons activities are closely related to the public health. To work in the beauty
salons sector, you must have certain general knowledge and skills related to public health.
Beside your vocational knowledge and skills, you must be careful to develop and update
your knowledge and skills related to public health and hygiene in beauty salons
permanently and continuously.

From this standpoint, and as a part of the objectives of Ministry of Municipal and Rural
Affairs to achieve its goal of preserving the health and safety of citizens and residents by
raising the performance level and efficiency of workers in facilities and establishments in
related public health. Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs developed special
programmes for educating and training and performance of workers in these facilities,
with the goals of minimizing the bad practices, improving inspection outcomes and
reducing of dangerous injuries and diseases transmission to individuals attending the
facilities.

This book includes a theoretical curriculum of education and awareness programme for
workers in beauty salons.

The book provides the necessary knowledge to meet the programme requirements,
contains the information needed to pass the exam and get a programme certificate.
Table of contents

1 Beauty salons importance to public health 5

2 Health education in beauty salons 7

3 Infectious diseases in beauty salons 9

4 Personal hygiene 16

5 Cleaning in beauty salons 21

6 General requirements in beauty salons 29

7 Health and safety in the workplace 30

Beauty salons importance to public health 5

Beauty salons and public health

Beauty salon is an establishment dealing with hair
dressing, manicure, pedicures and other cosmetic
treatments for women. These places are licensed and
equipped only for beauty practices.
The studies and statistics refer that it is possible to
occur infections resulting from using some shaving and
hair removing tools like blades and scissors in case of
penetrate or cut the skin and/or contact with body
fluids or blood, where it is not necessary that the body
The main sources of health
fluids and blood are always visible and cannot be
hazards in the beauty salons
detected easily, both staff and clients at risk of disease
are workers, clients, tools or
transmission to them and with among them.
equipment and premises.
Health hazards sources in beauty
salons
Infected and illness clients are considered the main
source of diseases transmission in beauty salons (where
clients do not inform the worker about their health or
clients may not be fully aware of carry the diseases).
Also, the staff themselves considered a source of risk in
the beauty salons when they are not follows the right
methods and practices that limit or prevent the
transmission of diseases through tools, equipment, and
premises.

Types of health hazards in beauty

salons
There are many types of potential health hazards in the
beauty salons and include:
1. Diseases transmission and spread of infection
between clients and staff or between staff
themselves.
2. Occupational diseases for staff as a result of dealing
directly with sources of health hazards.
3. Occupational injuries for workers.
Beauty salons importance to public health 6

Hygiene and control system

Hygiene and control system must be available and
strictly implemented in order to prevent spread of
infection and diseases, the good system should provide
control of all types and sources of health hazards from
workers, clients, tools or equipment and premises.

Prevent /reduce potential health hazards from

workers
Benefits of good hygiene Prevent health hazards from workers by proper training
and control system: on personal hygiene, good hygienic practices, and
 Prevention of diseases medical analysis before start work activities.

 Satisfied clients
Prevent /reduce potential health hazards from
 Good reputation premises
 Increased productivity Prevent health hazards from premises by follow the
 Successful business general requirements for hygienic design and
construction in order to apply good hygienic standards
 Legal compliance in premises.
 Good work environment
Prevent /reduce potential health hazards from
equipment
Prevent health hazards from equipment by use hygienic
tools and equipment and apply good cleaning,
disinfection and sterilization practices.

Prevent /reduce potential health hazards from clients

Prevent health hazards from clients by increasing the
awareness of health standards.
Health education in beauty salons 7

Health education
Health education
Information and scientific facts
A group of information and simplified knowledge
(theoretical and practical),
derived from scientific facts and health requirements to
experiences and good behavioral
identify workers in food and public health
patterns
establishments to identify the inherent dangers in the
work environment to help change or correct wrong
behavior and habits by increasing their knowledge of
Change or correction of bad
good health practices.
behaviors and habits

Public health inspection in beauty salons

Good hygienic practices
Field and administrative procedures concerned with
monitoring the practice of operations in beauty salons,
to ensure the safety of these operations, and to follow
up the establishments to ensure that they meet the
health requirements, which are supervised by the
specialized body authorized to do so.

Individual health control in beauty salons

Workers conduct inspection or audit process on all

shop facilities and ensure that all health requirements
are applied.
Health education in beauty salons 8

It is not allowed to work in Type and level of health education

beauty salons except after Not all workers will need the same level of health
receiving an educational
education, or supervision. It depends on the work they
programme approved by
examination and evaluation do and the type of activity.
center of health education
 The workers category: they need the basic
programme for employees
information and skills required for workers before
in food and public health
establishments, passing the they work in the workplace, workers need induction
programme test, and health education.
receiving a refresh health
education program every  Supervisors category: they need the necessary
three years. information and skills required for supervisors
before supervising in the workplace.

Refresh health education

It is important that all employees and supervisors not

forget what they have learned and continue to
education. Refresh health education will help remind all
employees and supervisors of their duties and the
importance of maintaining high standards of health
requirements.
Infectious diseases in beauty salons 9

X Infectious diseases in beauty salons

Infection can occur during hairdressing procedures.
Items such as razors, scissors, combs, clippers and
hairpins can accidentally pierce the skin. Blood and
body fluids do not have to be visible on instruments or
working surfaces for infection to be transmitted.

Infectious diseases are easily spread between clients

and workers and are easily transferred by contact with
unwashed hands, soiled equipment or contact with
Prohibited in beauty salons blood and body substances.
to be served any client
suffering from a known Some clients carrying wounds or scratches on the skin,
communicable disease in a the head or the nails. The person at risk may be the
beauty salons. next client on whom the contaminated implement is
used.

Worker may also be at risk if they have any open cuts,

sores or broken skin that come into contact with the
contaminated implement, blood or serum, or receive a
needle stick/sharps injury.

Skin infections Blood infections Respiratory infections

Bacterial infections HIV AIDS Tuberculosis

Fungal infection Hepatitis B Influenza

Parasitic infection Hepatitis C

Viral infections

Infectious diseases in beauty salons.

Infectious diseases in beauty salons 10

Infectious diseases and microbes

Infection diseases or communicable diseases are
diseases caused by a microbe or germ such as a
bacterium, fungus, or virus, that can be spread, directly
or indirectly, from one person to another. These
microbes commonly called pathogenic microorganism
that causes disease.

Bacterial infectious diseases

There are three types of
infectious microorganisms Bacteria are one-celled microorganisms, very small they
that are important in the can only be seen with a microscope. In fact, 1500 rod-
practice of hairdressing. shaped bacteria will fit comfortably on the head of a
These are bacteria, fungus pin. Bacteria can exist anywhere as in skin, water, air
and virus. decayed matter, clothing, and under the free edge of
fingernails. Most bacteria are nonpathogenic
(completely harmless or do not cause disease).
Pathogenic bacteria are considered harmful because
they may cause disease or infection when they invade
the body.

An infection occurs when body tissues are invaded by

disease-causing bacteria.

Staphylococci are the most common human bacteria

and are normally carried by about a third of the
population. Staph can be picked up on doorknobs,
countertops, and other surfaces, but is more frequently
spread through skin-to-skin contact, such as shaking
hands or using unclean implements.

Impetigo Some bacteria are resistant to certain antibiotics. The

symptoms usually appear as pimples and boils. Because
Is a highly contagious
of these highly resistant, it is important to clean and
bacterial skin infection,
disinfect all tools and equipment uses in the beauty
superficial, characterized by
salons.
the appearance of a blister
or vesicle sub cornea.
Infectious diseases in beauty salons 11

Viral infectious diseases

A virus is a microorganism capable of infecting almost
all plants and animals. They are very small and smaller
than bacteria. They cause common colds and other
respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.

One difference between viruses and bacteria is that a

virus can live and reproduce only by penetrating other
cells and becoming part of them, while bacteria a live
and reproduce on their own. Bacterial infections can
Herpes usually be treated with specific antibiotics, while
Herpes simplex virus viruses are not affected by antibiotics. Vaccination
infection is probably the prevents viruses from growing in the body, but are not
most common viral skin available for all viruses.
disease. Almost the entire
adult population has had Hepatitis
herpes simplex at one time A blood borne virus causes hepatitis, a disease that
or another. damages the liver. Hepatitis can live on a surfaces
outside the body for long periods of time. It is vital that
all surfaces that contact a client are thoroughly
cleaned, especially if someone sneezes or coughs on
them. Be sure to clean hands after coughing or
sneezing.

There are three types of Hepatitis that are of concern

within the beauty salons - Hepatitis A, B, and C.
Hepatitis B is the most difficult to kill on a surfaces, so
check the label of the disinfectant you use to be sure
that the product is effective against it.

HIV/AIDS
The spread of blood borne
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that
diseases is possible through
causes AIDS. AIDS is a disease that break down the
waxing, or tweezing any
body’s immune system. HIV is spread from person to
time the skin is broken. Use
person through blood and through other body fluids,
great care to avoid
such as semen. The HIV virus is spread mainly through
damaging client’s skin
the sharing of needles. The virus is less likely to enter
during any type of service.
the bloodstream through cuts and sores.
Infectious diseases in beauty salons 12

Fungal infectious diseases

Fungi can produce contagious diseases, such as
ringworm. Barbers must clean and disinfect clipper
blades to avoid spreading scalp and skin infections.
Tinea is the most frequently infection resulting from
hair services. This infection affects the coarse hair in
the mustache and beard area, or around the neck and
scalp. Cleaning clippers of all visible hair, then
disinfecting properly reduces the risk of spreading skin
Tinea (ringworm) and scalp infections.

There are several types of

ringworm (Tinea) that can Parasitic infectious diseases
affect different parts of the
body. Head lice
Head lice are type of parasite responsible for
contagious diseases. A skin disease caused by an
infestation of head lice is called pediculosis capitis.
The head louse is a tiny, wingless parasitic insect that
lives among human hairs and feeds on extremely small
amounts of blood drawn from the scalp.
Scabies
Scabies is another contagious skin diseases that is
caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin.
The most common symptoms of scabies are intense
itching and a pimple-like skin rash. The scabies mite
usually is spread by direct skin-to-skin contact with a
person who has scabies.
Contaminated countertops, tools and equipment
Lice spread easily from one
should be thoroughly cleaned and then disinfected.
person to another through
close contact or through
shared clothing or personal
items (such as hats or
hairbrushes).
Infectious diseases in beauty salons 13

The main routes of infection

transmission
Pathogenic bacteria, viruses or fungi can enter the body
through:
 Broken skin, such as a cut or scratch.

 The mouth (contaminated water, food or fingers).

 The nose (inhaling dust).

Good infection control
practices  The eyes or ear (dust).
 Good personal hygiene
particularly, hand  Unprotected sex.
washing.
 Use disposable tools as Infection in beauty salons
possible.
 The use of contaminated instruments (blood or any
 Cleaning, disinfection and of the other body fluids).
sterilization of tools and
equipment.  Touching surfaces contaminated with microbes.
 Use personal protective
 Direct contact with infected skin.
equipment.
 Vaccinations.  Breathing, coughing and sneezing.

Infection control general precautions

 The majority of persons who are infected with HIV &
Hepatitis have no symptoms. For this reason, it is
important that workers consider every client as
potentially infectious and exercise appropriate
precautions.
 Have at least two sets of tools to ensure that all tools
can be disinfected correctly after each use.
Infectious diseases in beauty salons 14

Certificates and records  To be excluded immediately from the work

environment is any employee, who has symptoms of
The shop owner or manager
an infectious disease, or he has symptoms like
in charge should keep the
diarrhea, inflamed wounds, skin pores/rashes, or he
following:
contacted with a person with an infectious disease.
This person is not to work in any area. If he is an
 Display the business
employee at the establishment, he must get treated
license in an obvious
from the disease or the wound. If he is not cured, he
location
is to be totally eliminated from work.
 Valid health cards issued
 Any employee who has a wound at work must be
from formal source for
excluded from the work environment until the
each individual worker.
wound is fully covered with a medical waterproof
plaster of a bright color. A first-aid box is to be made
 Valid training certificates
available for this purpose. Also, the wounded
issued from formal
employee must not get back to work, except after
sources for each
wearing gloves that cover the wound, or it has
individual worker.
healed.
Infectious diseases in beauty salons 15

Tattooing
Puncturing of the skin with a needle to introduce
coloured pigment leaving a permanent mark or design.
Operators may come in contact with a client’s blood if
they are stuck with the needle, or if the client’s blood
splashes into the eyes, nose, or mouth. may expose
workers to blood borne pathogens such as hepatitis B
virus, hepatitis C virus, or HIV.

Fish pedicure
A fish pedicure, involves patrons dipping their feet in a
tub of water filled with small fish called Garra rufa. Garra
rufa are eat away dead skin found on peoples’ feet,
leaving newer skin exposed. A fish pedicure have caused
outbreaks of infections that left infected pedicure
customers with blood borne diseases, boils and scars.

Depilatory waxes
Depilatory waxes and lotions should therefore be made
from a new batch for each client, as used treatments may
contain infected skin or hair follicles.

Creams, oils, pigments and lotions

Products (creams, oils, pigments and lotions) used in any
procedure must be dispensed into a disposable container
for each client. Discard the container when the procedure
is finished.
To prevent contamination do not return left over product
to the original stock supply.
Personal hygiene 16

Personal hygiene importance

Workers must maintain a high standard of personal
hygiene and cleanliness because:
 If the worker does not ensure that their personal
hygiene and cleanliness is maintained the client may
not come back.
 Dirty bodies and clothing could carry infectious
diseases or infestation from one client to another.

Start from home

Daily shower, fingernails should be kept clean and
short, and does not go to work in work uniform clothes.

Start work
 Minimal jewellery, particularly around the hands,
Work uniform wrists and arms.
Made from washable  Cuts and abrasions should be covered by a water-
clothing, white color, with resistant dressing that should be changed as
few pockets, always clean, necessary and when soiled.
cover most of the body and
 Disposable gloves should be worn and replaced after
in a good condition.
each client.
 Smoking is prohibited in beauty salons.

Hand washing: Why?

Hand washing is the most important and most basic
technique in preventing the spread of infection.
Wash your hand: When?
 Before and after contact with each client.
 Before and after smoking, eating or drinking.
 After using chemicals.
 After going to the toilet
 After contact with blood or other bodily fluids.
 Personal hygiene 17

Wash your hand: How?

1. Wet hands with warm water and apply soap.

2. Rub hands together to make a lather for 10-20 seconds.

3. Rinse hands with water.

4. Dry hands thoroughly using paper towels.

1 2

3 4
 Cleaning in beauty salons 18

Importance of cleaning, disinfection and sterilization

Diseases are easily to spread between clients and workers and by contact with, soiled
equipment or contact with blood and body substances.
To reduce risk control
 Use disposable (single use) tools and equipment.
 Cleaning, disinfection or sterilization multiuse tools and equipment prior to each use.

Cleaning, disinfection and sterilization

Cleaning: Remove dirt (Not kill microbes).

Disinfection: Reduce number od microbes to safe level.

Sterilization: Kill all types of microbes.

Cleaning Disinfection Sterilization

Heat Heat Heat

Hot water 45 oC Very hot water 82 oC Ovens 160 °C/180 min.

Chemical
Chemicals Chemical
Disinfectant (gel or
Detergents or soap Steriliser (gases)
liquids)

Physical Physical Physical

Wiping Ultraviolet Autoclave

Methods of cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of tools and equipment

 Cleaning in beauty salons 19

Cleaning
Cleaning is the removal of soil, hair and a reduction in
the number of micro-organisms from equipment
surfaces by washing in detergent and warm water.

Cleaning method
1. Pre clean: remove all visible foreign matter or hair
and rinse the equipment in warm water.

Thorough cleaning of 2. Main clean: wash the equipment in warm water and
equipment is essential prior detergent.
to any disinfection or 3. Rinse: rinse thoroughly in hot running water.
sterilization process.
4. Dry: dry using air and paper towels.

1- Pre clean 2- Main clean

3- Rinse 4- Dry
 Cleaning in beauty salons 20

Disinfection
Disinfection Is a process used to reduce the number of
harmful micro-organisms but may not necessarily kill all
of them.

Disinfection method
1. Clean: wash the equipment in warm water and
detergent and rinse thoroughly.

All equipment and surfaces 2. Prepare disinfectant: dilute disinfectant according to

that contact with the skin manufacturer’s instructions.
must be disinfected. 3. Disinfect: immerse the equipment in the solution
according to manufacturer’s instructions.
4. Dry: dry using air and paper towels.

1- Clean 2- Prepare disinfectant

3- Disinfect 4- Dry
 Cleaning in beauty salons 21

Disinfection method with spray disinfectants

1- Clean 2- Disinfect 3- Dry

Remove all visible Apply spray (follow the Wipe using paper
foreign matter or hair. manufacturer's label towels.
directions concerning
the recommended
contact time and
method of application).

Disinfection method with Ultraviolet (UV) cabinets

1- Clean 2- Put the equipment 3- Disinfect

Remove all visible Put the equipment in Follow the

foreign matter or hair instrument according to manufacturer's label
and wash the manufacturer’s directions concerning
equipment. instructions the recommended time
and method of
application.
Cleaning in beauty salons 22

X Sterilization
Sterilization is the process of killing all micro-organisms.
All reusable skin penetrating equipment contaminated
with blood or body fluids by any process, or equipment
used in a skin penetration procedure, must be cleaned
as soon as possible after use and then sterilized before
using on another person.

Sterilization Method by Using Autoclave

The use of cloths towels
should be limited and 1. Remove all visible foreign matter or hair and wash
replaced with disposable the equipment.
towels which must be
used for one time. All clean 2. Put tools into the autoclave according to
towels should be stored in a manufacturer’s instructions.
designated cupboard to
prevent soiling and cross
contamination from soiled
Remember
linen.
 Disinfectants are chemicals used to reduce the
number of microbes and need time to be effective
which is called contact time or exposure time. The
effect of disinfectants materials depend on type,
contact time and concentrations.

 Disinfectants efficiency decrease by time or by

contamination with dirt; therefore, it must be
diluted prior to use.

 Disposable razors are for single-use or use on a

single client and are not supplied with replacement
A wet disinfectant container blades. Dispose of them immediately after use into a
must be large enough that ‘sharps’ container.
all tools placed in it are
completely immersed in the  Storage drawers for sanitized tools and equipment
disinfecting solution. should be clean, free of hair and used only for the
sanitized tools and equipment. Storage cabinets,
workstations and vanities should be kept clean.
Cleaning in beauty salons 23

X  All hand contact surfaces must be disinfected after

each use.

 Swabs, cloths, paper or cotton gauze used should be

single-use and should be disposed of immediately
after use in a water-proof bag.

Swabs, cloths, paper or

cotton gauze used should
be single-use and should be
disposed of immediately
after use in a water-proof
bag.

Make-up, lotions, waxes and

gels should be administered
with a clean and disinfected
applicator.
Cleaning in beauty salons 24

General cleaning
General cleaning rules:
 Do not leave towels exposed to contamination and
kept in cupboards until use.
 Display a sign indicating guidelines for following the
rules of hygiene in the shop so that they are visible
to all employees, own languages and abide by them.
 Use of cloth towels for cleaning and drying of
Collect hair after each client surfaces and equipment is strictly prohibited and to
services and remove in a replace by paper towels.
separate bin.  Follow the method of multi-stage washing for
cleaning all surfaces of work.
1. Rinse in water.
2. Wash in detergent.
3. Final rinse in water.
4. Dry
 Clean floors at the end of each day and when visibly
soiled.
What are must be  Disused equipment should be removed from site
disinfected? promptly.

 Work surfaces
Waste disposal
 Taps and sinks
Wash and disinfect waste containers at the end of day.
 Door handles Separate bins should be provided for:
 Waste contaminated with blood or any human
 Lights switches
fluids, and wastes that contain sharps.
 Telephone  Other waste.

 Bathrooms

 Chairs and seats

Cleaning in beauty salons 25

Pests problems
Pests pose a major threat to the public health. Pest
infestations can occur where there are breeding sites
and a source of food. Good hygiene practices should be
applied to avoid creating an environment conducive to
pests. Good house keeping, inspection of incoming
materials and good monitoring can minimize the
likelihood of infestation and thereby limit the need for
pesticides.

Cockroaches, nocturnal and Flies

like warm and dirty places. Land on animal faeces and rotting food and collecting
They have a varied diet and bacteria on the hairs of their bodies.
will eat almost anything
including dead insects and Domestic animals
faeces, They can carry Carry bacteria in their fur, feathers, skin, saliva and
Typhoid, Dysentery. And intestines. They lick themselves and then lick human
other bacteria. hands passing bacteria from one to the other.

Prevent pest problems

 Preventing access: buildings should be kept in good
repair and condition to prevent pest access and to
eliminate potential breeding sites. Holes, drains and
other places where pests are likely to gain access
should be kept sealed. Wire mesh screens, for
example on open windows, doors and ventilators
will reduce the problem of pest entry.
 Harbourage and infestation: areas both inside and
outside premises should be kept clean, and refuse
should be stored in covered and pest-proof
containers.
Rats and Mice, live in
sewers or in nets around  Monitoring and detection: shop and surrounding
building, can cause damage areas should be regularly examined for evidence of
and fires by chewing infestation.
through wires, carry
 Treatment: pest infestations should be dealt with
Salmonella and Weils
immediately. Treatment with chemical, physical or
disease in their urine.
biological agents should be carried out.
General requirements in beauty salons 26

The importance of the General requirements for beauty

general requirements
salons
 Obliged to grant
operating licenses.  Location and area requirements

 Maintaining the health  Building requirements

and safety of employees  Utilities and services requirements
and clients.
 Equipment requirements
 Health and safety requirements

Location and area requirements

 The shop location shall not be conflicted with any
municipal requirements and land use. The location
shall be authorized for this kind of activity.
 The size of the shop shall be in accordance with the
capacity of work and clients numbers.
 Shall cause no disturbance or direct harm to its
neighbors.
 Shall be provided with a safe drainage system.
 Shall be provided with designed area for wash hair.

Building requirements
 The inner design of the building shall allow for the
smooth running of all stages of the operations.
Walls shall be smooth, easy
 The building shall be made of bricks, cement and
to clean. The paint colors of
steel, or their equivalent of the same quality or
the walls shall be light as
appearance and properly built according to the
much as possible. Allow to
technical laws and systems.
be covered by wood, marble
or mirrors with no space  The use of the material Asbestos is strictly forbidden,
between the walls and the or any other material that contains asbestos or any
cover to prevent existence harmful element.
of pests.
 The building shall be free from cracks to prevent
entry and harboring of insects and rodents.
General requirements in beauty salons 27

Floors
Floors shall be made of non-absorbent, water-proof
materials, that are easy to clean and wash, and of
materials that are not affected by cleaning products,
free from cracks or holes, and with a slight sloped
towards the drainage exits.

Ceilings
Ceilings shall be painted with a light-colored oil smooth
Floors made ​of material paint that is easy to clean, does not allow for
impervious to water and accumulation of contaminants or dirt. Corners between
easy to clean. walls, floors and ceilings must not be sharp, and
preferably have a round edge or a 45 degree angle for
easy cleaning, disinfecting and to prevent accumulation
of contaminants and dusts.

Doors
Doors shall be firm, close automatically, of a suitable
shape and size, and have smooth surfaces that allow for
easy cleaning. Doors shall made of aluminum and glass,
or any other non-rusting material that is also water
proof.

Ventilation
The shop shall be well ventilated to prevent high
temperature. An appropriate number of fans shall be
installed (one fan for 25 square meters of floor space)
or to be fully air conditioned shop.

Utilities and services requirements

Electrical network
The type of electrical cables, wires and pipes shall be in
compliance with the fixed measurement standards. At
least two sockets shall be installed for each seat.
General requirements in beauty salons 28

Water source
Water shall be from a source that is far from any source
of contamination and from drainage water, and is
proven to be appropriate for human consumption
according to certified laboratory tests.
The upper tanks shall be cylindrical shape for ease in
cleaning, and manufactured either from fiberglass or
non-rusting materials that comply with all health
requirements. The water shall to be taken from tank
through a network of pipes made from galvanized steel,
One 60 cm electric insect non-rusting metal or plastic, any of which must comply
killer for each 50 m2 of with and fulfill the health requirements.
ground floor.

Drainage
Drainage tank shall not be underneath the ground
floor.

Lighting
The shop shall be provided with good lighting in all
areas. Preferably emergency lighting units shall be
installed.

Equipment requirements
 Tools, equipment and machines used shall be usable,
in good conditions and made from non corrosive and
antirust materials.

 The shop shall be equipped with number of sinks

Tools, equipment and corresponded to the number of clients and sufficient
machines used shall be number of water heaters of at least 120 liters of
usable, in good conditions volume capacity. The sinks shall be provided sources
and made from non of cold and hot water.
corrosive and antirust
materials.
General requirements in beauty salons 29

Multiuse tools and equipment

Multiuse tools and equipment as brushes, combs,
scissors and electrical machinery, should be made of
non-corrosive and antirust materials, easily cleaned and
in good conditions.

Fabrics
Towels
Use of fabric towels is forbidden for hairdressing
Disposable tools should be services and hairdressing cape must be used for these
in sealed packages, opened activities.
just before using and
disposed immediately after Gloves
use. Disposable gloves must be provided to protect workers
hands and prevent spread of infection, and are used in
the following cases:
 During delivery services.
 During cleaning, disinfection and sterilization
activities.
X
Disposable tools and equipment
Razors and blades
Razors and blades are the most hazardous tools to
transmit diseases, therefore, single and one use razors
and blades should be used for hair removing and
hairdressing activities. Disposable tools should be in
sealed packages, opened just before using and
disposed immediately after use.

Multiuse tools and Alum

equipment should be in Use of solid Alum is forbidden, powder or liquid forms
good condition. are acceptable.
General requirements in beauty salons 30

Health and safety requirements

 Non smoking sign in a prominent place in the shop.

 Instruction signs shall be placed explaining what to

do in case of a fire and the steps to be taken to
evacuate the place in case of an emergency.

 Fire extinguishers shall be provided in appropriate

numbers and sizes in accordance with the
instructions of the civil defense.
Waste bins shall be
provided for hair and  A first-aid box shall be provided include essential
materials that are not fit for medical supplies like medical bandages, cotton,
use. The bins shall be firmly gauze, and disinfectants.
covered, made of non-
absorbent and anti-leakage
materials. Hand wash sinks
For good hygiene practices separate sinks for wash
hands shall be provided in the shop, close to the work
area to wash hands of workers before and after
services.
Hand wash sinks equipped with:

 Hot and cold water.

 The hand-washing sinks preferable to be equipped
with sensor tap (automatic faucet).
 Soap and disinfectant.
 Paper towels for drying hands or hot air dryer.

Certificates and records

The best way to prevent
The shop owner or manager in charge should keep the
spread of infections is to
following:
wash hands well. A hand
washing sink shall be easily
 Display the business license in an obvious location
accessible from every work
station.
 Valid health cards and training certificates issued
from formal source for each individual worker.
Health and safety in the workplace 31

Importance of health and safety in the

workplace
Health and safety in the workplace is defined as the
Knowledge concerned with maintaining the safety and
human health, by providing work environments free
from the causes of accidents, injuries or occupational
diseases.

In other words, is a set of procedures, rules and

Effect of health and safety systems in the legislative framework aimed at
hazards in beauty salons maintaining the human risk of infection and
maintain the risk of property damage and loss.
1. Accidents (injuries, burns,
deformities, disabilities Health and safety in all areas of life, when we deal with
and may lead to death). electricity or electrical appliances we followers of the
2. Diseases (Respiratory safety rules, and when driving cars or even walk the
diseases resulting from streets, we need to follow the rules and principles of
excessive exposure to safety and within the workplaces, we need to safety
vapors or chemicals). rules.

3. Damage and loss of

equipment and General objectives for health and safety in the
instruments. workplace
1. Protection of the human from the risk of injuries
resulting from the work environment by preventing
exposure to accidents and injuries and occupational
diseases.

2. Maintaining the basics of the physical component of

the facilities and content of the equipment from
damage and loss as a result of accidents.
 Health and safety in the workplace 32

Sources of health and safety hazards in the workplace

1. Workers

As a result of not thinking (use improper equipment), ignorance (lack of experience),

hurrying (use shortcuts), neglect (lack of focus), work under pressure, disturbance
from colleagues, play and joking, poor health status, tiredness and fatigue.

2. Equipment

As a result of bad machine design or obscuring the moving parts.

3. Materials

As a result of improper storage of materials, and poor quality of materials.

4. Work Environments

As a result of poor working conditions (lighting, noise and ventilation).

Effect of health and safety hazards in the workplace

1. Accidents (injuries, burns, deformities, disabilities and may lead to death).

2. Diseases (Respiratory diseases resulting from excessive exposure to vapors or

chemicals).

3. Damage and loss of equipment and instruments.

 Health and safety in the workplace 33

Responsibilities toward health and safety

Employer responsibilities

 Look after workers health, safety and welfare

 Provide a healthy and safe workplace

 Provide a healthy and safe way to do jobs

 Provide information, instruction and training

 Assess risks and control them

Workers responsibilities

 Not put themselves or others at risk

 Report hazards/unsafe conditions

 Co-operate with their employers

Health and safety hazards in beauty salons

The most common health and safety hazards in beauty salons are:

 Hazardous substances.

 High temperatures causing burns.

 Slips and falls.

 Manual handling .

 Electricity.
Health and safety in the workplace 34

Hazardous substances
Some of operations and products used in the beauty
salons contain harmful substances which can cause
both skin and respiratory problems as the following:
 Hair dyes: dermatitis and asthma.
 Shampoos: dermatitis.
 Hair sprays: dermatitis and asthma.
 Gloves: dermatitis and asthma.
Irritant dermatitis
Shampooing can cause this Reduce risk of hazardous substances
by removing the protective
oils thus drying out the skin. Avoid hazardous chemicals

 Obtain labels and material safety data sheets for all

beauty salon products.
 Use substitute chemicals which are less toxic (avoid
products with highly toxic ingredients such as coal
tar dyes, formaldehyde and methyl methacrylate).
 Use substitute methods that involve few or no
chemicals (heat straightening instead of chemical
Environmental
Corrosive hair straightening).
Hazards

Use work practices that reduce exposure

 Keep bottles and other containers closed when not

in use.
Toxic Explosive  Isolate hazardous work processes (e.g. mix chemicals
in a separately vented area).
 Do not eat, drink or smoke while using chemical
products, to avoid contamination.
 Wash hands thoroughly after using chemical
Flammable
Hazardous products.
to health
 Maintain good housekeeping (e.g. clean up spills
Hazardous substances immediately).
symbols  Store chemical products in a cool, dry place with no
direct sunlight.
Health and safety in the workplace 35

High temperatures causing burns

Most scalds and burns in beauty salons are caused by:
 Contact with hot water.

 Contact with hot surfaces as contact with hairdryers.

 Contact with steam.

Reduce the risk of scalds and burns

Burns can occur during
hairdressing procedures  Always check the water temperature.
involving hot rollers, they
can also occur when hair is  Use water thermostat to adapt water temperature.
being washed with water
that is too hot or when  Training on how to check and adjust water
stationary or hand-held temperature before you start washing the head of
dryers are improperly used. the client.

To avoid scalds and burns

water temperature should
be checked the before use.
Health and safety in the workplace 36

Slips and trips

In the hairdressing industry, factors that may cause
slips, trips and falls include:
 Cluttered aisles or passageways (e.g. electrical cables
and extension boards lying on the floor).

 Un swept hair on floor.

 Wet floor.
Accidents occur as a result
of slipping and tripping may Reduce the risk of slips and falls
result in:
 Good lit and tidy work areas and walkways.
 Minor injuries (bruises,
contusions).  Swept hair and clean up spilled water from the floor
 Broken bones. immediately and do not wait.

 Injuries in the back.  Wear slip resistant shoe wear.

 Stopped working.
 Serious injuries (in head,
paralysis).
Health and safety in the workplace 37

Manual handling
Failure to follow the correct methods for carrying and
lifting and pushing to:
 Fractures, abrasions and cuts.

 Muscular injuries.

 Hernias.

Manual handling include; Reduce the risk of manual handling

 Lifting and putting down.  Plan ahead before lifting. Knowing what you're doing
 Pushing and pulling. and where you're going will prevent you from
making awkward movements while holding
 Carrying or moving a something heavy.
load.
 Clear a path, and if lifting something with another
person, make sure both of you agree on the plan.

 Safe lifting and carrying techniques:

1. Feet should be shoulder width apart, with one

foot beside and the other foot behind the load
or object that is to be lifted.

2. Bend knees. Do not stoop and keep the back

straight.

3. Carry the load or object close to the body. Lift

with the strong leg muscles, not the weaker
back muscles.

4. Hold the load or object close to your body.

 If help necessary from another one you should

coordinate to lifting and lowering the object at same
time.
Health and safety in the workplace 38

X Electrical Accidents
Contact with electricity considered one of the biggest
risks in the workplace and workers' exposure to the
following risks:
 Electric shock.

 Electrical burns.

 Death.
Not overloading the power
sockets.
Main causes of electrical accidents
 Unsafe work practices.

 Worn or faulty electric cords, equipment and wiring.

 Over loading power sockets.

 Wet clean-up processes.

Reduce the risk of electrical accidents

 Never unplug an object by pulling on the cord. Grasp
the plug to pull it out.

 Not overloading the power sockets.

 Ensuring appliances are turned off when not in use.

 Keep electrical cords away from sinks and water.

 Not using appliances with damaged plugs or exposed

wires.

 Do not allow electrical cords to drape over counters.

Health and safety in the workplace 39

 Don’t touch electric items with wet hands.

 Turn off & unplug machinery before cleaning or

maintaining them.

 Handling the appliance as instructed.

To prevent the risk of

electricity during cleaning
operations:
 Avoid spilled of water or
a chemical onto electrical
equipment or devices.
 Disconnect the power
source before cleaning.
 If water or a chemical is
spilled onto equipment
or device, stop using
immediately and shut off
power at the main switch
or circuit breaker and
unplug the equipment.
 Read and follow the
manufacturer's label
directions concerning the
recommended using and
method of maintenance
and cleaning.
Health and safety in the workplace 40

First aid contents

Listed below are the suggested contents as per the Red
Cross first aid manual.

 10 adhesive dressings

 3 medium sized sterile dressings

 1 large sterile dressing

First aid box with valid
contents must be provided,  1 extra large sterile dressing
and staff should be trained
to deal with minor  1 sterile eye patch
incidents.
 2 triangular bandages

 2 crepe roller bandages

 1 pair plastic or surgical gloves

 6 safety pins

 1 pair tweezers

 1 pair scissors

 Wound cleansing wipes

 Note pad & pencil

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SERIAL NUMBER
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