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Physics Holiday Homework

Echolocation is a method used by animals like bats and dolphins to locate prey by emitting ultrasonic sounds and analyzing the reflected echoes. Sonar, which operates on similar principles, is a technique used primarily in underwater navigation and object detection, with two types: active sonar that emits sound pulses and passive sonar that listens for sounds made by other vessels. The document also includes a formula relating the time taken for sound to travel and the depth of the ocean bed.

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5 views1 page

Physics Holiday Homework

Echolocation is a method used by animals like bats and dolphins to locate prey by emitting ultrasonic sounds and analyzing the reflected echoes. Sonar, which operates on similar principles, is a technique used primarily in underwater navigation and object detection, with two types: active sonar that emits sound pulses and passive sonar that listens for sounds made by other vessels. The document also includes a formula relating the time taken for sound to travel and the depth of the ocean bed.

Uploaded by

mn17035
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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By: S.

Tarun Sambandhan
Grade VII - B

Physics
Holiday HW
Echolocation:
Echolocation is the manner by which certain animals (like bats and dolphins) locate
their prey by producing ultrasonic sounds in the frequency range 50Hz to 80,000Hz and
receiving the reflected sound after striking the prey. Using echolocation, the predator can
analyze the size, shape, and depth of the prey. Echolocation is also known as bio sonar as it
also used for navigation.

Sonar
Sonar is a technique that works on the principle of sound propagation and echo and is
used to navigate, communicate with other objects, or detect objects at or below the surface of
the sea. They are mostly used underwater in ships or submarines. There are two types of
sonar; active and passive sonar namely. The sonar is based on sound wave reflection. When
the device produces ultrasonic waves, they travel toward the bottom of the sea. If there is an
obstacle in the path, the waves are reflected back and are read by the sonar.
 Active Sonar: Active sonar is emitting pulses of sound and listening for echoes.
Active sonar transducers emit pulses of sound and if there is an object in the path of
the sound, it bounces back and produces and echo which is detected and measured by
the transducer.
 Passive Sonar: Passive sonar is listening to the sound made by other vessels in the
sea. Passive sonar uses special transducers known as hydrophones (or underwater
microphones) to convert the received sound into electrical signals that are sent to the
computer for a sonar operator to listen to and analyze.
The time taken to receive the sound is measured. Let the time taken be ‘t’, the velocity of
sound in water be ‘v’, and the depth of the ocean bed be ‘d’.
2d vt
Then , v= ∨d=
t 2

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