Class 10 Maths Formulas – by MD Sir
Pyare Bachhon ek din apka dream jarur poora hoga
Best wishes from MD Sir.
1. HCF (Highest Common Factor):
o HCF of two numbers = Product of the smallest power
of common prime factors.
o HCF (𝑎, 𝑏) × LCM (𝑎, 𝑏) = 𝑎 × 𝑏
2. Prime Factorization:
Any number can be expressed as a product of primes.
Chapter 2: Polynomials
1. General Form:
𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + ⋯ + 𝑎0
2. Zeroes of a Polynomial:
o If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are zeroes of 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, then:𝛼 + 𝛽 =
𝑏 𝑐
− , 𝛼𝛽 =
𝑎 𝑎
3. Division Algorithm:
Dividend = (Divisor × Quotient) + Remainder
Chapter 3: Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
1. General Form:
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 + 𝑐1 = 0
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 + 𝑐2 = 0
2. Consistency of Equations:
𝑎1 𝑏1
o Unique Solution (Intersecting Lines): ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
o Infinite Solutions (Coincident Lines): = =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
o No Solution (Parallel Lines): = ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
3. Algebraic Methods:
o Substitution Method
o Elimination Method
Chapter 4: Quadratic Equations
1. Standard Form:
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 (𝑎 ≠ 0)
2. Quadratic Formula:
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
3. Nature of Roots:
o Real & Distinct: If 𝐷 > 0
o Real & Equal: If 𝐷 = 0
o No Real Roots: If 𝐷 < 0
(where 𝐷 = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐)
4. Sum & Product of Roots:
𝑏 𝑐
𝛼 + 𝛽 = − , 𝛼𝛽 =
𝑎 𝑎
Chapter 5: Arithmetic Progressions (AP)
1. General Form:
𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 2𝑑, …
2. nth Term:
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
3. Sum of First n Terms:
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2
or
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎 + 𝑙) (where 𝑙 = last term)
2
Chapter 6: Triangles
1. Similarity Criteria:
o AA (Angle-Angle)
o SSS (Side-Side-Side)
o SAS (Side-Angle-Side)
2. Pythagoras Theorem:
(𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒)2 = (𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟)2 + (𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒)2
3. Basic Proportionality Theorem (BPT):
If a line is parallel to one side of a triangle, it divides the
other two sides proportionally.
Chapter 7: Coordinate Geometry
1. Distance Formula:
𝐴𝐵 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
2. Section Formula (Internal Division):
𝑚𝑥2 + 𝑛𝑥1 𝑚𝑦2 + 𝑛𝑦1
𝑃(𝑥, 𝑦) = ( , )
𝑚+𝑛 𝑚+𝑛
3. Midpoint Formula:
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) = ( , )
2 2
Chapter 8: Introduction to Trigonometry
1. Trigonometric Ratios:
𝑃 𝐵 𝑃
sin 𝜃 = , cos 𝜃 = , tan 𝜃 =
𝐻 𝐻 𝐵
1 1 1
csc 𝜃 = , sec 𝜃 = , cot 𝜃 =
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 tan 𝜃
2. Trigonometric Identities:
sin2 𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃 = 1
1 + tan2 𝜃 = sec 2 𝜃
1 + cot 2 𝜃 = csc 2 𝜃
Chapter 9: Some Applications of Trigonometry (Heights &
Distances)
1. Angle of Elevation: Angle above the horizontal line.
2. Angle of Depression: Angle below the horizontal line.
3. Line of Sight: The line from the observer’s eye to the
object.
Chapter 10: Circles
1. Tangent Properties:
o A tangent is perpendicular to the radius at the point
of contact.
o Lengths of two tangents from an external point are
equal.
2. Number of Tangents:
o No Tangent: If point is inside the circle.
o One Tangent: If point is on the circle.
o Two Tangents: If point is outside the circle.
Chapter 11: Areas Related to Circles
1. Circumference:
𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟
2. Area of Circle:
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2
3. Sector Area:
𝜃
Area = × 𝜋𝑟 2
360°
4. Arc Length:
𝜃
Length = × 2𝜋𝑟
360°
5. Area of Segment:
Area of Segment = Area of Sector − Area of Triangle
Chapter 12: Surface Areas and Volumes
1. Cuboid:
o LSA = 2ℎ(𝑙 + 𝑏)
o TSA = 2(𝑙𝑏 + 𝑏ℎ + ℎ𝑙)
o Volume = 𝑙 × 𝑏 × ℎ
2. Cube:
o LSA = 4𝑎2
o TSA = 6𝑎2
o Volume = 𝑎3
3. Cylinder:
o CSA = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ
o TSA = 2𝜋𝑟(𝑟 + ℎ)
o Volume = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
4. Cone:
o CSA = 𝜋𝑟𝑙
o TSA = 𝜋𝑟(𝑟 + 𝑙)
1
o Volume = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
3
5. Sphere:
o TSA = 4𝜋𝑟 2
4
o Volume = 𝜋𝑟 3
3
6. Hemisphere:
o CSA = 2𝜋𝑟 2
o TSA = 3𝜋𝑟 2
2
o Volume = 𝜋𝑟 3
3
Chapter 13: Statistics
1. Mean:
∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖
o Direct Method:Mean(𝑥‾) = ∑ 𝑓𝑖
∑ 𝑓𝑖 𝑑𝑖
o Assumed Mean Method:𝑥‾ = 𝑎 + ∑ 𝑓𝑖
∑ 𝑓 𝑖 𝑢𝑖
o Step Deviation Method:𝑥‾ = 𝑎 + ℎ ( ∑ 𝑓𝑖
)
2. Median:
𝑛
− 𝑐𝑓
Median = 𝑙 + (2 )×ℎ
𝑓
3. Mode:
𝑓1 − 𝑓0
Mode = 𝑙 + ( )×ℎ
2𝑓1 − 𝑓0 − 𝑓2
4. Empirical Relationship:
3Median = Mode + 2Mean
Chapter 14: Probability
1. Probability Formula:
Number of favorable outcomes
𝑃(𝐸) =
Total number of outcomes
2. Range of Probability:
0 ≤ 𝑃(𝐸) ≤ 1
3. Complementary Event:
𝑃(𝐸 ′ ) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐸)
Love From MD Sir
