QUESTION BANK

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

YEAR/SEM : III Year/ V Semester ECE
NAME OF THE SUBJECT : CEC366 – IMAGE PROCESSING
NAME OF THE FACULTY : Mr. G. Sathishkumar, Asst. Professor/ECE
UNIT I
DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS
SYLLABUS

Steps in Digital Image Processing – Components – Elements of Visual Perception – Image Sensing
and Acquisition – Image Sampling and Quantization – Relationships between pixels - Color image
fundamentals - RGB, HSI models, Two-dimensional mathematical preliminaries, 2D transforms -
DFT, DCT.

PART – A

1. Define Image
2. What is Dynamic Range?
3. Define Brightness
4. What do you meant by Gray level?
5. Define Digital Image.
6. What is Digital Image processing?
7. Define Intensity (or) gray level.
8. Define Pixel
9. What do you meant by Color model?
10. List the hardware oriented color models
11. What is Hue and saturation?
12. Show the block diagram for the steps involved in digital Image processing system?
13. List the applications of color models
14. Differentiate Luminance and Chrominance
15. Show the block diagram of a general purpose Digital Image Processing system.
16. Write the different combinations of colours in additive color mixing.
17. What are the two ways of mixing of colours?
18. What do you mean by saturation and chrominance?
19. State Grassman’s law.
20. List out the factors that affect tonal gradation of the reproduced picture.
21. Write the basic principle of Television camera tube.
22. Define Contrast and Hue.
23. Define Image Quantization.
24. Define Image Sampling.
25.Define Resolutions.
 26.What are the steps involved in DIP?
27.What is recognition and Interpretation?
28.Specify the elements of DIP system
29.What are the types of light receptors?
30.Differentiate photopic and scotopic vision?
31.How cones and rods are distributed in retina?
32.Define subjective brightness and brightness adaptation
33.Write short notes on neighbors of a pixel.
34.What is meant by connectivity? Explain the types of connectivity.
35.What are the types of adjacency?
36.Name some application of Digital Image Processing.
37.Define Euclidean distance.
38.Define City – block distance.
39.Give the formula for calculating D4 and D8 distance.
40.What is geometric transformation?
41.What is image translation and scaling?
42.What is Image Transform? And what is the need for transform?
43.Define the term Luminance
44.What are the applications of transform?
45.What are the properties of unitary transform?
46.Define Weber ratio
47.What is meant by Mach band effect?
48.What is simultaneous contrast?
49.What is meant by illumination and reflectance?
50.Find the number of bits required to store a 256 X 256 image with 32 gray levels?
51.Write the expression to find the number of bits to store a digital image?
52.What do you meant by Zooming and shrinking of digital images?
53.List out the properties of a cosine transforms
54.Define Cosine Transform.
7. 55.List out the significance of Karhunen- Loeve Transform?
56.Write any two properties of 2D Fourier transform.
57.What is Mach band effect? (Nov /Dec 2005), (May / June 2007)
58.What is a band limited function? (Nov /Dec 2005)
59.Which type of light receptor is responsible for (a) photopic (b) scotopic vision? (M/J 2006)
60.What are the stages of digital image processing system? (May / June 2009)
61.What are the applications of digital image processing?
62.What is Weber ratio? (May/June 2009), (May / June 2007)
63.Define intensity ratios and log ratios. (Nov / Dec 2005)
64.What is digital image?
65.Explain the terms illumination and reflectance for an image model?
66.What is the role of point spread function in image processing? (May / June 2006)
67.Write the significance of image sampling and quantization. (May / June 2009)
68.What are the practical limitations in sampling and reconstruction? (M/J2006)
69.Stat the circular convolution theorem of DFT. (May / June 2009)
70.What are the properties of unitary transform? (May / June 2009)
71.State 2D sampling theory.
72.What is the need for quantization?
73.State and explain the convolution property of Fourier transform?
74.Explain the terms aliasing and fold over frequencies?
75What is circulant matrix? Give an example.
76Explain the decorrelation property of KL transform. (May / June 2006)
77.Compare SVD and KL transform. (May / June 2009)
78.Write N x N discrete cosine transform. (May / June 2009)
79.Define the SVD transform of images.
80.What is cosine transform?
81.What is the special feature of KL transform?
82.Define unitary transform
83.Name the working principle of digital camera
84.Define dither
85.Name the color models
86.Differentiate brightness and contrast
87.Differentiate hue and saturation
88.Give the HSI model
89. Mention the difference between a monochrome and a grayscale image. (Nov/Dec -21)
90. State two important properties of unitary transforms. (Nov/Dec -21)

PART – B
1.Explain about the element of digital image processing (May / June09) (May /June 2007).
2.Explain the different elements of visual perception in detail. (May / June 2009).
3.Illustrate the concept of Brightness adaptation. (May / June 2007).
4.Explain luminance and brightness and contrast with respect to human vision?
5.Write short notes on Non uniform sampling and Quantization. (May / June 2007).
6.Discuss in detail the process of uniform sampling and Quantization. (May / June2007).
7.State the properties of optimum mean square quantizer. (Nov / Dec 2005).
8.Describe the properties of 2D Fourier transform and its application in image processing. (M/J 2009).
9.Discuss the effects of non-uniform sampling and quantization. (May/June 2009).
10.State and prove 2D sampling theorem. (May/June 2009).
11.Derive the expression for the signal to noise ratio of Lloyd max quantizer. (M/J 2009).
12.State the condition for a matrix to be (1) unitary (2) orthogonal.
13. Give an example ofa matrix which is both orthogonal and unitary. (M/ J 2006).
14. Explain how a matrix which is represented using singular value decomposition. (M / J 2006).
15.Explain the principle of vector quantization of images. (May / June 2006).
16.Explain Weber’s Law and Lateral inhibition with reference to human visual system. (M / J 2006).
17.Describe Lloyd max quantizer for image given the probability density function?(M /J 2006).
18.Explain any four properties of DFT. (Nov / Dec 2005).
19.Explain the fundamental steps in digital image processing.
20. Explain the Components of an Image Processing System.
21.Explain the principle and working of Vidicon digital camera with neat diagram.
(Image sensing and Acquisition).
22.Explain in Detail the structure of the Human eye and also explain the image formation in the eye.
(OR) Explain the Elements of Visual Perception.
23.Illustrate the concept of Brightness adaptation. (or) Write short notes on
1. Machband effect 2. Weber’s Ratio 3. Simultaneous Contrast (May 2007).
24.Write short notes on (i) luminance, (ii) hue or tint, and (iii) saturation, iv) Brightness,v) Contrast.
25.Explain the Color image fundamentals (models) with neat diagram.
26.Discuss the role of sampling and quantization in the context of image encoding applications.
27.Explain Uniform Quantization and Non-Uniform Quantization.
28.Explain in detail the ways to represent the digital image.
29.Write short notes on: (a) Neighbors of Pixels (b) Distance Measures (c.) Connectivity
(d.) Adjacency.
30.Write short notes on two dimensional Orthogonal and Unitary transforms.
31.Explain the2-D DFT transformations.
32.Explain in detail the discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and also explain its properties.
33. Explain the basic concepts of sampling and quantization with neat sketch. (Nov /Dec -21)
34.Find DCT Transform and its inverse for the given 2  2 image [3 6; 6 4]. (Nov /Dec -21)
35.Obtain forward KL transform for the given vectors. X1 = [1 0 0]; X2 = [1 0 1]; X3 = [1 1 0]
(Tranpose these vectors) and analyze how the principal components are used for remote sensing
applications? (Nov /Dec -21)
 QUESTION BANK
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
YEAR/SEM : III Year/ V Semester ECE
NAME OF THE SUBJECT : CEC366 – IMAGE PROCESSING
NAME OF THE FACULTY : Mr. G. Sathishkumar, Asst. Professor/ECE
UNIT II
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT
SYLLABUS

Spatial Domain: Gray level transformations – Histogram processing – Basics of Spatial Filtering
Smoothing and Sharpening Spatial Filtering, Frequency Domain: Introduction to Fourier
Transform– Smoothing and Sharpening frequency domain filters – Ideal, Butterworth and
Gaussian filters, Homomorphic filtering, Color image enhancement.
.

PART A
1.Define Image Enhancement.
2.What are the two categories of Image Enhancement?
3.Write the transfer function for Butterworth filter. (May/June 2009).
4.Specify the objective of image enhancement technique. (Or)Why the imageenhancement
is needed in image processing technique. (May / June 2009).
5.Mention the various image enhancement techniques.
6.What is contrast stretching? (May/June 2009).
7.What is meant by histogram of a digital image? (May / June 2006), (May / June2009), (M / J 2007).
8.What is meant by histogram of a digital image? (May / June 2006), (May / June 2009), (M / J 2007).
9.What do you mean by Point processing?
10.What is Image Negatives?
11.Write the steps involved in frequency domain filtering.
12.What is meant by Laplacian filter?
13.Differentiate linear spatial filter and non-linear spatial filter.
14.What is the purpose of image averaging?
15.What is meant by masking?
16.Give the formula for log transformation.
17.Write the application of sharpening filters?
18.Define clipping.
19.Name the different types of derivative filters?
20.Define Spatial Domain Process.
21.Define Frequency domain process
22.What is meant by gray-level transformation function?
23.Define contrast stretching.
24.Define Thresholding.
25.What are the types of functions of gray level Transformations for Image Enhancement?
26.Give the expression of Log Transformations?
27.Write the expression for power-Law Transformations.
28.What is meant by gamma and gamma correction?
29.What is the advantage & disadvantages of piece-wise Linear Transformations?
30.What is meant by gray-level slicing?
31.What is meant by Bit-plane slicing?
32.What is histogram and write its significance?
33.Define histogram Equalization.
34.Define Histogram matching (or) histogram specification.
35.What is meant by Image subtraction?
36.Define mask & what is meant by spatial mask?
37.Define spatial filtering.
38.What are smoothing filters (spatial)?
39.Why smoothing Linear filters also called as averaging filters?
40.What are sharpening filters? Give an example?
41.Define unsharp masking.
42.What is meant by arithmetic filer?
43.What is meant by geometric mean filer?
44.What is meant by harmonic mean filer?
45.What is meant by contra harmonic mean filer?
46.What is meant by histogram of a digital image? (May / June 2006), (M / J 09), (M / J 2007).
47.List the use of LPF, HPF and BPF spatial filters. (May / June 2009)
48.Explain any one technique for zooming of an image. (May / June 2006)
49.What is image averaging?
50.Write the transfer function for Butterworth filter. (May/June 2009)
51.What is mean by contrast stretching? (May/June 2009)
52.What is Median Filtering? (May / June 2009) (May / June 2007)
53.Why the image enhancement is needed in image processing technique. (May / June2009)
54.If y(m) = (2,3,8,4,2) and N = (-1,0,1). Find the medial filter output. (Nov / Dec 2005)
55.What is meant by histogram specification?
56.What are the sources of degradation in image?
57.What is pseudo inverse filter?
58.Explain the importance of wiener filter?
59.Explain the need for smoothing and sharpening filtering?
60.Define the ceptrum of a signal
61.What is pseudo inverse operator?
62.What is Geometric mean filter?
63.What is Harmonic mean filter?
64.What is a Contra harmonic mean filter?
65.What is Color image enhancement?
66.Why noise is always considered to be additive, in images? (Nov/Dec – 21)
67.What do you infer from multimodal histogram? (Nov/Dec -21)
 PART – B

1.Explain how image subtraction and image averaging is used to enhance the image. (M / J 2009)
2.Explain the various sharpening filters in spatial domain. (May / June 2009)
3.Discuss in detail the significance of Homomorphic filtering in image enhancement. (M/J 09) (M/J 07)
4.Write short notes on Point operations, Transform operations and Pseudo coloringwith respect to
image enhancement. (May / June 2009) (May / June 2006)
5.Explain any two spatial operations. (May / June 2006)
6.Write short notes on Contrast stretching and grey level slicing. (May / June 2009)
7.Explain in detail about Sharpening filter, Edge Detection, Smoothing filter andNoise removal.(M /J 09)
8.What is histogram of an image? How does it modify an image in equalization andspecification
techniques? (May / June 2009)
9.Explain Enhancement using point operations. (Nov / Dec 2005) (May / June 2006)
10.Write short notes on Histogram equalization and Histogram modification.(N 05) (M/J 09) (M/J 07)
11.Write short notes on Directional Smoothing and color image enhancement. (Nov/Dec 05) (M/J 06)
12.Explain how a high pass filtered image can be generated using a low pass filter. (M/J 2006).
13.How is the digital negative of an image generated? Where is this used? (May / June2006)
14.Discuss the role of non linear filters in image enhancement. (May / June 2007)
15.Explain any one method of pseudo color image processing. (May / June 2007)
16.Write shorts notes on Geometric mean, Harmonic mean, Contra harmonic mean filters.
17.Image Enhancement process consists of a collection of technique that seek to improve
the visual appearance of an image.
18.Explain Enhancement using point operations. (Nov / Dec 2005) (May / June 2006),
(May / June 2009) (or)Write short notes on Contrast stretching and grey level slicing. (M / J 2009).
19.Explain briefly about histogram modeling.
20.Write short notes on Histogram equalization and Histogram modification.
(Nov / Dec 2005) (May / June 2009) (May / June 2007).
21.Write short notes on histogram specification. (May / June 2009).
22.Write short notes on the various Noise models (Noise distribution) in detail. (Nov /Dec 2005).
23.Explain the detail of Spatial Filters.
24.Explain the various smoothing filters in the spatial domain.
25.Explain the various sharpening filters in spatial domain. (May / June 2009)
26.Explain the basic steps for filtering (image enhancement) in Frequency domain.
27.Discuss in detail the significance of Homomorphic filtering in image enhancement.
(May / June 2009) (May / June 2007).
28.Write short notes on Color image enhancement.
29. Illustrate the steps in histogram equalization of the image. (Nov/Dec -21)

30. With the help of a block diagram, discuss the principle of homomorphic filtering.(Nov/Dec -21)
 QUESTION BANK
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
YEAR/SEM : III Year/ V Semester ECE
NAME OF THE SUBJECT : CEC366 – IMAGE PROCESSING
NAME OF THE FACULTY : Mr. G. Sathishkumar, Asst. Professor/ECE
UNIT III
IMAGE RESTORATION
SYLLABUS
Image Restoration - degradation model, Properties, Noise models – Mean Filters – Order Statistics
– Adaptive filters – Band reject Filters – Band pass Filters – Notch Filters – Optimum Notch
Filtering – Inverse Filtering – Wiener filtering.

PART A
1.Define Image Restoration.
2.Compare Image Enhancement with image restoration?
3.Show the block diagram of a model of the image degradation /restoration process.
4.Classify Image restoration techniques.
5.Define blind deconvolution.
6.Define inverse filtering.
7.Define Pseudo inverse filter.
8.Give the limitations for inverse filtering and pseudo filtering.
9.What is meant by Weiner filter?
10.What is the expression for the error measure for Weiner filter?
11.What is the main objective of Weiner filtering?
12.Give the expression for Weiner filtering and give its other names for Weiner filter.
13.What is meant geometric transformation?
14.What are the two basic operations of geometric transformation?
15.What is meant spatial transformation?
16.Write an equation for Fredholm Integral of first kind and also define PSF.
17.Write the draw backs of inverse filtering.
18.What is meant by constrained least squares restoration? (May / June 09).
19.Define Lagrange Multipliers.
20.Show the block diagram of a Wiener Model with Noise.
21.What is pseudo inverse?
22.What is Blind Image Restoration? (May/June 2009)
23.What is Constrained Restoration? (May/June 2009)
24.What is speckle noise?
25.Write the transfer function of pseudo inverse filter. (May / June 2006)
26.Explain any two reasons for image degradation. (May / June 2006)
27.What are the factors that influence image degradation? (May / June 2009)
28.Distinguish between image enhancement and image restoration. (May / June 2007)
29.What is inverse filtering?
30.What is the basic equation used for constrained restoration?
31.Define Geometric transformations
32.What are the spatial transformations?
33.Differentiate unconstrained restoration and constrained restoration
34.What is meant by Lagrange multiplier?
35.Classify Image restoration techniques.
36.What is the expression for the error measure for Weiner filter?
37.Give the expression for Weiner filtering and give its other names for Weiner filter.
38.What is the PDF of Gaussian Noise?
39.Define image degradation model and sketch it. (Nov/Dec -21)
40.Define rubber sheet transformation. (Nov/Dec -21)
PART B

1.Explain in detail the constrained least squares restoration. (May / June 2009)
2.Write notes on inverse filtering as applied to image restoration. (May / June 2009)
3.Give the degradation model for continuous function. (May / June 2009)
4.With the aid of block diagram, describe the digital image restoration system andexplain
the image observation models.
5.Explain in detail the function of Wiener filter. (May / June 2009)
6.Write short notes on Inverse filter and Pseudo inverse filter. (Nov / Dec 2005)
7.Write short notes on Wiener filter characteristics and Geometric mean filter. (Nov /Dec 05)
8.Derive the Weiner filter equation. Under what conditions does it become the pseudo inverse
filter? (May / June 2006)
9.Explain the image degradation model and various approaches of image restoration
technique. (May / June 2009)
10Explain Constrained and Unconstrained Restoration in detail. (May / June 2009)
11.Describe the principle of wiener filtering in image Restoration.
12.Explain the method of removal of blur caused by uniform linear motion?
13.Discuss the differences between Geometric transformations and spatial transformations
techniques?
14.Explain the image degradation model and its properties. (May / June 2009) (or)
Explain the mathematical model of Image degradation process.
15.Explain the degradation model for continuous function and for discrete function.
(May / June 2009).
16.Write notes on inverse filtering as applied to image restoration. (May / June 2009)(or)
Write short notes on Inverse filter (Nov / Dec 2005).
17.Write short notes on the Wiener filter characteristics. (Nov / Dec 2005) (or)Derive the
Wiener filter equation. Under what conditions does it become the pseudo inverse filter?
18.Explain in detail the constrained least squares restoration. (May / June 09).
19.Discuss about the Lagrange Multipliers.
20.Explain unconstrained restoration and constrained restoration.
21.Discuss about the concepts and uses of Geometric Transformations in the context of image
restoration.
22.Explain the image restoration technique to remove the blur caused by uniform linear motion.(N/D -21)
23.Discuss about the Inverse Filtering and Wiener Filtering.(Nov/Dec -21)
 QUESTION BANK
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
YEAR/SEM : III Year/ V Semester ECE
NAME OF THE SUBJECT : CEC366 – IMAGE PROCESSING
NAME OF THE FACULTY : Mr. G. Sathishkumar, Asst. Professor/ECE
UNIT IV
IMAGE SEGMENTATION
SYLLABUS
Edge detection, Edge linking via Hough transform – Thresholding - Region based segmentation
Region growing – Region splitting and merging – Morphological processing- erosion and dilation,
Segmentation by morphological watersheds – basic concepts – Dam construction – Watershed
segmentation algorithm.

PART A

1.Define Image Segmentation (May / June 2009)

2.What are the different image segmentation techniques?
3.What are the two properties that are followed in image segmentation?
4.Explain the property of discontinuity?
5.What are the three types of discontinuity in digital image?
6.What is the idea behind the similarity property?
7.What is edge?
8.What is edge detection? Explain. (May / June 2009)
9.Define zero crossing property of edge detection.
10.What is meant by gradient operators?
11.Define Laplacian.
12.Define Laplacian of a Gaussian function.
13.Give the properties of the second derivative around an edge?
14.How the derivatives are obtained in edge detection during formulation?
15.Write about linking edge points.
16.What are the two properties used for establishing similarity of edge pixels?
17.How do you detect isolated points in an image? (May/June 2009)
18.What is the role of gradient operator and laplacian operator in segmentation?
19.What is the role of first derivative and second derivative in segmentation?
20.What are the types of thresholding?
21.What is meant by object point and background point?
22.What is global, Local and dynamic or adaptive threshold?
23.What is meant by region – Based segmentation?
24.Define region growing?
25.Specify the steps involved in splitting and merging?
26.What is the main objective of watershed algorithm?
27.What is the use of Dam?
28.What is meant by markers?
29.How do you detect isolated points in an image? (May/June 2009)
30.What is meant by Edge detection? (May / June 2009)

.
31.Define Image Segmentation (May / June 2009)
32.What are the different image segmentation techniques?
33.What are the two properties that are followed in image segmentation?
34.What are the three types of discontinuity in digital image?
35.What is edge?
36.Define zero crossing property of edge detection.
37.What is meant by gradient operators?
38.Define Laplacian.
39.Write about linking edge points.
40.How do you detect isolated points in an image? (May/June 2009)
41.What is the role of gradient operator and laplacian operator in segmentation?
42.What are the types of thresholding?
43.What is global, Local and dynamic or adaptive threshold?
44.Define region growing?
45.Specify the steps involved in splitting and merging?
46.What is meant by region – Based segmentation?
47.Give an applications of segmentation
48.What is the morphological operation?
49.What is watershed segmentation?
50.State the conditions for Region Splitting and Merging Processes. (Nov/Dec - 21)
51.What are factors affecting the accuracy of Region Growing? (Nov/Dec – 21)

PART-B
1.What is segmentation? (May / June 2009).
2.Explain the various detection of discontinuities in detail. (or)Explain Edge detection in detail.
3.Explain Edge linking and boundary detection in detail.
4.Explain Thresholding in detail.
5.Write short notes on region growing segmentation. Or Explain Region splitting merging (M / J 2009).
6.Explain in detail about Segmentation by Morphological Watersheds.
7.Explain Watershed Segmentation Algorithm in detail.
8.Explain Morphological Image Processing in details.
9.Explain on the Region based segmentation techniques. (May / June 2009)
10.Explain edge detection.
11.How do you perform edge defection? Give suitable algorithm and discuss how the edge points are
linked? (Nov/Dec – 21).
12. Discuss how (i) Region growing (ii) Region splitting and merging approaches are used for image
segmentation. (Nov/Dec – 21)
 QUESTION BANK
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
YEAR/SEM : III Year/ V Semester ECE
NAME OF THE SUBJECT : CEC366 – IMAGE PROCESSING
NAME OF THE FACULTY : Mr. G. Sathishkumar, Asst. Professor/ECE
UNIT V
IMAGE COMPRESSION AND RECOGNITION
SYLLABUS
Need for data compression, Huffman, Run Length Encoding, Shift codes, Arithmetic coding, JPEG
standard, MPEG. Boundary representation, Boundary description, Fourier Descriptor, Regional
Descriptors – Topological feature, Texture - Patterns and Pattern classes - Recognition based on
matching.

PART A

1.What is image compression?

2.Define Data Compression.
3.What are two main types of Data compression?
4.What is the need for Compression?
5.Show the block diagram of a general compression system model.
6.Define Relative data redundancy.
7.What are the three basic data redundancies can be identified and exploited?
8.Define is coding redundancy?
9.Define interpixel redundancy?
10.Define psycho visual redundancy?
11.Define encoder.
12.Define source encoder.
13.Define channel encoder.
14.What are the types of decoder?
15.What are the basic image data compression techniques?
16.What is meant by Error-free compression?
17.What are the techniques that are followed in lossless compression?
18.What is use of variable-length coding?
19.What are coding techniques that are followed in variable length coding?
20.What is run length coding?
21.Define compression ratio& bit rate.
22.What are the operations performed by error free compression?
23.What is Variable Length Coding?
24.Define Huffman coding.
25.Define Block code and instantaneous code.
26.Define uniquely decodable code and B2 code.
27.Define arithmetic coding.
28.What is bit plane Decomposition?
29.Define Bit-plane Coding.
30.Define Transform coding.
31.Show the block diagram of encoder& decoder of transform coding.
32.Define wavelet coding.
33.What is meant by JPEG?
34.What are the coding systems in JPEG?
35.What are the basic steps in JPEG?
36.What is MPEG?
37Define I-frame& P-frame& B-frame.
38.What is zig zag sequence?
39.What is need for image data compression? (May / June 2009)
40.List the types of coding in image processing. (May / June 2009)
41.List the basic types of data redundancy. (May / June 2009)
42.Give the lossless predictive model. (May / June 2009)
43.Give an example of a variable length encoder. What is its advantage? (May / June2006)
44.What are the standards used for compression of still images and images with motion?(M / J 2006)
45.What are the advantages of image data compression? (May / June 2009)
46.Mention some image data compression techniques. (May / June 2009)
47.What is the average length of code if the probability of symbols is given as {0.4, 0.3, 0.1,
0.1, 0.06, 0.04}? (Nov / Dec 2005)
48.What is known as bit plane coding? (May / June 2007)
49.Mention the significant features of Wavelet transform. (May / June 2007)
50.Define entropy coding.
51.Draw the general block diagram for an image compression model.
52.What is zonal coding?
53.State Huffman coding algorithm.
54.What is the basic principle of image compression in spatial domain?
55.Mention any two image compression standards used?
56.Mention the limitations of bit plane coding.
57.Compare jpeg and jpeg 2000.
58.Compare the Huffman and arithmetic coding.
59.Define Shift codes.
60.Define Sobel operator. (Nov/Dec – 21)
61.Write the Hadamard transform matrix n H for n = 3.(Nov/Dec – 21 )

PART B
1.Explain compression types.
2.Explain in detail the Huffman coding procedure with an example. (May / June 2009), (May
/ June 2006) (Variable length coding).
3.Describe arithmetic coding of images with an example. (May / June 2006).
4.Explain the lossless Bit plane coding or shift coding.
5.Explain the Run-length Coding.
6.Explain Transform coding. (May / June 2009), (May / June 2009).
7.Describe on the Wavelet coding of images. (May / June 2009) (or)
Explain the lossycompression wavelet coding.
8.Write notes on JPEG standard with neat diagram. (May / June 2009), (May / June 2006).
9.Briefly discuss the MPEG compression standard. (May / June 2009)or Explain the Video compression
standards.
10. Explain the Basics of Vector Quantization in detail.
11.Explain Sub band coding in detail.
12.Explain the following terms1.) Boundary descriptors 2.) Regional descriptors 3.) Texture
descriptors.
13.Explain Object Recognition in detail.
14.Explain the Pixel coding with example. (May / June 2009)
15.Explain in detail the method of Zonal and Threshold coding. (May / June 2009), (M / J 2006)
p16.Explain image compression and how it is achieved through wavelet transform. (May/ June 2009)
17.Write notes on JPEG standard (jpeg and jpeg 2000) with neat diagram. (M / J 09), (M / J 2006)
18.Apply Huffman coding procedure to the following message ensemble and determine
average length of encoded message and coding efficiency. The symbols
(x1,x2,x3,x4,x5,x6,x7,x8) are emitted with probabilities of (0.22,0.2,0.18,0.15,0.08,0.05,0.02).
(May / June 2009)
19.Explain the run length coding scheme. (May / June 2006)
20.Explain the image compression standards
21.What are the building blocks of an image encoder? State their function?
22.Explain Transform coding. (May / June 2009), (May / June 2009)
23.Explain Vector Quantization with neat diagram
24.Compute the Huffman’s code and IB code following gray level distribution.
levels(r) W W2 W3 W4 W5 W6.
probability p(r) 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2.
25.Determine the Huffmaa code assignment procedure for the following data. (Nov/Dec -21)
SYMBOL PROBABILITY
a1 0.1
a2 0.4
a3 0.06
a4 0.1
a5 0.04
a6 0.3
Compute the average length of the code and the entropy of the source. Is Huffman code uniquely
decodable? If so, justify your answer. (16)
26.Discuss the methods of constructing the masking function based on maximum variance and maximum
magnitude. (8) (Nov/Dec -21)
27.Draw and explain the block diagram of MPEG encoder. (8) (Nov/Dec -21)

Prepared by Recommended by Approved by

G. SATHISHKUMAR
ASST. PROFESSOR/ECE, HOD/ECE PRINCIPAL