JEETENDRA D.
SONI
(TIDES)
1.
2.
3.
(i)
(ii)
F = G m1*m2 / r2
F m1 m2
r2
G
(Spring Tides on New Moon & Full Moon and Neap Tides on First & Last Quarter)
What causes high tide and low tide and why?
The high and low tide are caused by the gravitational forces between the earth
and the moon. However, the source of the real effect takes some explaining to
grasp. The incorrect way of thinking is that the moon attracts all the water to
itself, therefore causing a high tide on the side of earth close to the moon, and
a low tide on the side far from the moon. However, if this was the case, there
would be a high tide once per day. But there are TWO high tides a day. The
reason is, the part of the earth both AWAY from the moon, and CLOSE to the
moon BOTH get high tides...
Now we need to explain why this is so. The earth and moon rotate around
each other, each pulling the other towards itself. The moon attracts every
piece of matter on earth. Since gravity is inversely proportional to the square of
the distance, this force is greater on the side of the earth closer to the moon,
and lesser on the side of the earth further from the moon. Since the earth is
quite a rigid object, this difference in forces fails to deform the earth (much).
However, it succeeds quite well in deforming the oceans -- which are not as
rigid. Since the waters on the moon side are attracted more strongly than
average, they tend to bulge TOWARDS the moon, hence causing a high tide.
The waters on the opposite side of the moon, since they are attracted less
strongly than average, tend to 'lag behind' the rigid earth, and bulge AWAY
from the moon, which in this case, is also AWAY from the earth, again,
causing a high tide. Low tide occurs at about right angles to the moon, where
the force on the waters match the average pull of the moon on the earth
closely..
closely
380
260
0.46
(Centrifugal force)
चं मा सूय से 2.6 लाख गुना छोटा है ले कन सूय क तुलना म 380 गुना प ृ वी के
अ धक समीप है . फलतः चं मा क वार उ पादन क मता सयू क तुलना म 2.17
गन
ु ा अ धक है .)
Q
O R P
On Q= (r+R)
r
On P= (r-R)
(Expression of attraction force between earth & moon and balancing centrifugal force)
why doesn't the sun cause any tides (comparable
to that of the moon) although its pull on the earth is
larger?
The answer is, although the gravitational pull of the
sun on the earth is larger than that of the moon,
due to the much greater distance, the force
changes very little from one end of the earth to the
other. Since it is the difference in the force than the
average magnitude of the force that matters for
creating tides, the net effect is much less than that
for the moon.
24
24
P 12
12 52 52
12 26
(Diurnal change
in tide time
during high tide)
(Types of Tides)
1.
1800 SYZYGY
20%
20%
(Spring tides due to collective
gravitational force of sun & moon on
new moon & full moon positions )
(Neap tides due to right angle
position of sun & moon on half
moon day)
2.
24 52
3.
12 26
4.
5.
6.
15 20
20
7. 04
03
8. 21 23
9.
10.
(Some places get 4 - the only place I know about it is Southampton,
Portsmouth in the UK by the Isle of Wight. If you look very closely at the
map of the Isle of Wight it has funnels on each side of the channel just
north of it. As the water rushes up the channel it sort of piles into these
funnels and then as it gets narrower the wave gets higher. You actually
get a high tide as the water rushes up. You get another one on the other
funnel as the water rushes back down the channel so you get twice as
many tides as you should have.)
Just as the Sun appears to move North and South by 46° - 47 ° or
so in our sky over the seasons, so does the Moon. In fact because
the plane of the Moon's orbit is at about 5° to the plane of the Earth's
orbit, the Moon can appear to move by almost 60° over time. It is not
therefore the case that the Moon is always at right angles to the
Earth's poles, so they do experience tidal forces in much the same
way as the rest of the Earth.
The following picture shows the
impact of Lunar tides on the Earth
when the Moon is 30° south of
the Earth's equator.
In regard to ocean tides in particular: the South Pole is on land so
there are no ocean tides; and the North Pole is frozen so it is hard to
see the 0cean tides! It is true that tides tend to reduce with
increasing latitude, but there are many other factors including the
shape of the coastline. Thus the largest ocean tides are in Canada's
Bay of Fundy which is over 44°N.
The Bay of Fundy has the highest tides in the world,
world and those enormous tides alone
make that the Bay of Fundy is one of the world’s greatest natural wonders.
The height of the tide difference ranges from 3.5 meters (11ft) along the southwest
shore of Nova Scotia and steadily increases as the flood waters travel up the 280 km
(174 miles) of shoreline to the head of the Bay where, in the Minas Basin, the height of
the tide can reach an incredible 16 meters (53ft).
1. 1686
(i) (ii)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
2. 1833 1842 :-
1.
2.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
3.
THANKS
